{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:15:44Z","timestamp":1772828144690,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The choice of surgical technique for decompression of the cervicomedullary junction remains controversial. The authors report their experience with using subpial tonsillectomy for Chiari malformation with and without associated syringohydromyelia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children from two institutions who underwent the subpial tonsillar resection technique for decompression of the craniocervical junction from 2014 to 2024 were included. Demographic information, relevant presurgical symptoms, surgical history, perioperative radiographic characteristics, postoperative outcomes, complications, reoperations, and 90-day readmissions were collected. Two outcomes were assessed at last follow-up: 1) status of presenting symptom(s); and 2) radiographic status of syringohydromyelia or isolated presyrinx edema, if present preoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 109 patients were identified with a mean age of 10.8 years. Seventy-eight (71.6%) of these patients presented with headaches, and 23 (21.1%) had medullary or lower cranial nerve dysfunction. Radiographically, 86 (78.9%) patients had Chiari type 1 and 23 (21.1%) had Chiari type 1.5. The mean (range) preoperative cerebellar tonsillar herniation was 14.0 (4.5\u201340) mm, and 49 (45%) patients had syringohydromyelia or presyrinx edema. The mean operative time was 152 minutes, and the mean length of stay was 3.49 days. Fourteen patients were readmitted within 90 days of surgery, 9 within the first 30 days, and 5 after 30 days. Of these 14 readmissions, 8 (57%) were for reasons attributable to the index operation. Over a mean follow-up of 3.70 years, headaches resolved or improved in 68 of 78 (87.2%) patients, and 18 of 23 (78.3%) patients with brainstem or lower cranial nerve dysfunction demonstrated improvement. Of the patients with syringohydromyelia who had follow-up (n = 45), 39 (86.7%) had complete resolution of their syringohydromyelia (n = 16) or &gt; 50% reduction in diameter of the syrinx (n = 23). One patient was deemed a treatment failure, eventually needing a syringopleural shunt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subpial tonsillar resection for Chiari malformations is a safe and effective method to maximally decompress the craniocervical junction and immediately reestablish pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid flow out of the fourth ventricle. Most patients will experience improvement or resolution of their associated symptoms and significant reduction (&gt; 50% diameter reduction) or resolution of their syringohydromyelia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.8.peds25174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T17:46:11Z","timestamp":1767894371000},"page":"180-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subpial cerebellar tonsillectomy for decompression of the cervicomedullary junction in children and young adults"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"David G.","family":"Laird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Troy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emal","family":"Lesha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mallory","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kendall","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis;"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Wait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Health Levine Children\u2019s Hospital, Charlotte;"},{"name":"Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Van Poppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Health Levine Children\u2019s Hospital, Charlotte;"},{"name":"Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Shears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Health Levine Children\u2019s Hospital, Charlotte;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandy N.","family":"Vaughn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Klimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis;"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children\u2019s Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee;"},{"name":"Semmes Murphey, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"795","article-title":"Significance of cerebellar tonsillar position on MR","volume":"7","author":"Barkovich AJ","year":"1986","unstructured":"Barkovich AJ, Wippold FJ, Sherman JL, Citrin CM. Significance of cerebellar tonsillar position on MR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1986;7(5):795\u2013799."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"212","article-title":"The resolution of syringohydromyelia without hindbrain herniation after posterior fossa decompression","volume":"89","author":"Iskandar BJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iskandar BJ, Hedlund GL, Grabb PA, Oakes WJ. The resolution of syringohydromyelia without hindbrain herniation after posterior fossa decompression. J Neurosurg. 1998;89(2):212\u2013216."},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"179","article-title":"A critical analysis of the Chiari 1.5 malformation","volume":"101","author":"Tubbs RS","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tubbs RS, Iskandar BJ, Bartolucci AA, Oakes WJ. A critical analysis of the Chiari 1.5 malformation. J Neurosurg. 2004;101(2 Suppl):179\u2013183."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"213","article-title":"Posterior fossa decompression with and without duraplasty for the treatment of Chiari malformation type I\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Xu H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu H, Chu L, He R, Ge C, Lei T. Posterior fossa decompression with and without duraplasty for the treatment of Chiari malformation type I\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2017;40(2):213\u2013221."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"14","article-title":"The Chiari pseudotumor cerebri syndrome: symptom recurrence after decompressive surgery for Chiari malformation type I","volume":"42","author":"Fagan LH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fagan LH, Ferguson S, Yassari R, Frim DM. The Chiari pseudotumor cerebri syndrome: symptom recurrence after decompressive surgery for Chiari malformation type I. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2006;42(1):14\u201319."},{"issue":"13","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension diagnosed as Chiari I malformation","volume":"88","author":"Kingston W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kingston W, Hoxworth J, Halker-Singh R. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension diagnosed as Chiari I malformation. Neurology. 2017;88(13):1294."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"549","article-title":"Chiari malformations, syringohydromyelia and scoliosis","volume":"18","author":"Hankinson TC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hankinson TC, Klimo P Jr, Feldstein NA, Anderson RC, Brockmeyer D. Chiari malformations, syringohydromyelia and scoliosis. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2007;18(3):549\u2013568."},{"issue":"10","key":"b8","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1869","article-title":"Management of Chiari malformations: opinions from different centers\u2014a review","volume":"35","author":"Hersh DS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hersh DS, Groves ML, Boop FA. Management of Chiari malformations: opinions from different centers\u2014a review. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019;35(10):1869\u20131873."},{"issue":"6","key":"b9","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1177","article-title":"International survey on the management of Chiari 1 malformation and syringomyelia: evolving worldwide opinions","volume":"34","author":"Singhal A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singhal A, Cheong A, Steinbok P. International survey on the management of Chiari 1 malformation and syringomyelia: evolving worldwide opinions. Childs Nerv Syst. 2018;34(6):1177\u20131182."},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"161","article-title":"Pediatric and adult Chiari malformation Type I surgical series 1965-2013: a review of demographics, operative treatment, and outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Arnautovic A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arnautovic A, Splavski B, Boop FA, Arnautovic KI. Pediatric and adult Chiari malformation Type I surgical series 1965-2013: a review of demographics, operative treatment, and outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(2):161\u2013177."},{"issue":"2","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"150","article-title":"Outcomes after suboccipital decompression without dural opening in children with Chiari malformation Type I","volume":"16","author":"Kennedy BC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kennedy BC, Kelly KM, Phan MQ,  Outcomes after suboccipital decompression without dural opening in children with Chiari malformation Type I. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;16(2):150\u2013158."},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"42","article-title":"Comparison of posterior fossa decompression with and without duraplasty for the surgical treatment of Chiari malformation Type I in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Durham SR","year":"2008","unstructured":"Durham SR, Fjeld-Olenec K. Comparison of posterior fossa decompression with and without duraplasty for the surgical treatment of Chiari malformation Type I in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2008;2(1):42\u201349."},{"issue":"6","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"629","article-title":"Factors associated with syrinx size in pediatric patients treated for Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia: a study from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium","volume":"25","author":"Hale AT","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hale AT, Adelson PD, Albert GW,  Factors associated with syrinx size in pediatric patients treated for Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia: a study from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;25(6):629\u2013639."},{"issue":"2","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"174","article-title":"Improvement of syrinx resolution after tonsillar cautery in pediatric patients with Chiari Type I malformation","volume":"17","author":"Stanko KM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stanko KM, Lee YM, Rios J,  Improvement of syrinx resolution after tonsillar cautery in pediatric patients with Chiari Type I malformation. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17(2):174\u2013181."},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"21","article-title":"Outcomes in children undergoing posterior fossa decompression and duraplasty with and without tonsillar reduction for Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia: a pilot prospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Koueik J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koueik J, Sandoval-Garcia C, Kestle JRW,  Outcomes in children undergoing posterior fossa decompression and duraplasty with and without tonsillar reduction for Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia: a pilot prospective multicenter cohort study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;25(1):21\u201329."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"bcr2016215299","article-title":"Urgent decisions and a tight spot: embolic infarction of a herniated cerebellar tonsil","volume":"2016","author":"Mc Donagh R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mc Donagh R, Bradley D, Harbison JA. Urgent decisions and a tight spot: embolic infarction of a herniated cerebellar tonsil. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016:bcr2016215299."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"21","article-title":"Management of cerebellar ptosis following craniovertebral decompression for Chiari I malformation","volume":"94","author":"Holly LT","year":"2001","unstructured":"Holly LT, Batzdorf U. Management of cerebellar ptosis following craniovertebral decompression for Chiari I malformation. J Neurosurg. 2001;94(1):21\u201326."},{"issue":"2","key":"b18","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"163","article-title":"Hydrosyringomyelia-Chiari I complex. Prospective evaluation of a modified foramen magnum decompression procedure: preliminary results","volume":"39","author":"Raftopoulos C","year":"1993","unstructured":"Raftopoulos C, Sanchez A, Matos C, Bal\u00e9riaux D, Bank WO, Brotchi J. Hydrosyringomyelia-Chiari I complex. Prospective evaluation of a modified foramen magnum decompression procedure: preliminary results. Surg Neurol. 1993;39(2):163\u2013169."},{"issue":"8","key":"b19","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"745","article-title":"Syringomyelia associated with type I Chiari malformation. A 21-year retrospective study on 75 cases treated by foramen magnum decompression with a special emphasis on the value of tonsils resection","volume":"140","author":"Guyotat J","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guyotat J, Bret P, Jouanneau E, Ricci AC, Lapras C. Syringomyelia associated with type I Chiari malformation. A 21-year retrospective study on 75 cases treated by foramen magnum decompression with a special emphasis on the value of tonsils resection. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1998;140(8):745\u2013754."},{"issue":"7","key":"b20","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1195","article-title":"\"Triple R\" tonsillar technique for the management of adult Chiari I malformation: surgical note","volume":"155","author":"Galarza M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Galarza M, Gazzeri R, Alfieri A, Martinez-Lage JF. \"Triple R\" tonsillar technique for the management of adult Chiari I malformation: surgical note. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2013;155(7):1195\u20131201."},{"issue":"5","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Tonsillectomy without craniectomy for the management of infantile Chiari I malformation","volume":"97","author":"Lazareff JA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lazareff JA, Galarza M, Gravori T, Spinks TJ. Tonsillectomy without craniectomy for the management of infantile Chiari I malformation. J Neurosurg. 2002;97(5):1018\u20131022."},{"issue":"11","key":"b22","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"625","article-title":"Posterior fossa decompression for Chiari I deformity, including resection of the cerebellar tonsils","volume":"11","author":"Fischer EG","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fischer EG. Posterior fossa decompression for Chiari I deformity, including resection of the cerebellar tonsils. Childs Nerv Syst. 1995;11(11):625\u2013629."},{"issue":"9","key":"b23","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1807","article-title":"Minimally invasive subpial tonsillectomy for Chiari I decompression","volume":"158","author":"Beecher JS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beecher JS, Liu Y, Qi X, Bolognese PA. Minimally invasive subpial tonsillectomy for Chiari I decompression. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016;158(9):1807\u20131811."},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"1556026","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of surgery for patients with Chiari malformation type I with syringomyelia: posterior fossa decompression versus posterior fossa decompression with resection of tonsils","volume":"16","author":"Zhang L","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li BL, Wei S,  Clinical efficacy of surgery for patients with Chiari malformation type I with syringomyelia: posterior fossa decompression versus posterior fossa decompression with resection of tonsils. Front Neurol. 2025;16:1556026."},{"issue":"7","key":"b25","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1585","article-title":"Tonsillectomy with modified reconstruction of the cisterna magna with and without craniectomy for the treatment of adult Chiari malformation type I with syringomyelia","volume":"162","author":"Liu B","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu B, Wang Y, Liu S,  Tonsillectomy with modified reconstruction of the cisterna magna with and without craniectomy for the treatment of adult Chiari malformation type I with syringomyelia. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(7):1585\u20131595."},{"issue":"6","key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"607","article-title":"Cerebellar tonsil reduction for surgical treatment of Chiari malformation type I in children","volume":"31","author":"Braga BP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braga BP, Montgomery EY, Weprin BE,  Cerebellar tonsil reduction for surgical treatment of Chiari malformation type I in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2023;31(6):607\u2013616."},{"issue":"3","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"248","article-title":"Institutional experience with 500 cases of surgically treated pediatric Chiari malformation Type I","volume":"7","author":"Tubbs RS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tubbs RS, Beckman J, Naftel RP,  Institutional experience with 500 cases of surgically treated pediatric Chiari malformation Type I. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011;7(3):248\u2013256."},{"issue":"3","key":"b28","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"656","article-title":"A novel scoring system for assessing Chiari malformation type I treatment outcomes","volume":"70","author":"Aliaga L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aliaga L, Hekman KE, Yassari R,  A novel scoring system for assessing Chiari malformation type I treatment outcomes. 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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1986;7(5):795\u2013799."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"212","article-title":"The resolution of syringohydromyelia without hindbrain herniation after posterior fossa decompression","volume":"89","author":"Iskandar BJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iskandar BJ, Hedlund GL, Grabb PA, Oakes WJ. The resolution of syringohydromyelia without hindbrain herniation after posterior fossa decompression. J Neurosurg. 1998;89(2):212\u2013216."},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"179","article-title":"A critical analysis of the Chiari 1.5 malformation","volume":"101","author":"Tubbs RS","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tubbs RS, Iskandar BJ, Bartolucci AA, Oakes WJ. A critical analysis of the Chiari 1.5 malformation. J Neurosurg. 2004;101(2 Suppl):179\u2013183."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"213","article-title":"Posterior fossa decompression with and without duraplasty for the treatment of Chiari malformation type I\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Xu H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu H, Chu L, He R, Ge C, Lei T. Posterior fossa decompression with and without duraplasty for the treatment of Chiari malformation type I\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2017;40(2):213\u2013221."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"14","article-title":"The Chiari pseudotumor cerebri syndrome: symptom recurrence after decompressive surgery for Chiari malformation type I","volume":"42","author":"Fagan LH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fagan LH, Ferguson S, Yassari R, Frim DM. The Chiari pseudotumor cerebri syndrome: symptom recurrence after decompressive surgery for Chiari malformation type I. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2006;42(1):14\u201319."},{"issue":"13","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension diagnosed as Chiari I malformation","volume":"88","author":"Kingston W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kingston W, Hoxworth J, Halker-Singh R. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension diagnosed as Chiari I malformation. Neurology. 2017;88(13):1294."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"549","article-title":"Chiari malformations, syringohydromyelia and scoliosis","volume":"18","author":"Hankinson TC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hankinson TC, Klimo P Jr, Feldstein NA, Anderson RC, Brockmeyer D. Chiari malformations, syringohydromyelia and scoliosis. 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Childs Nerv Syst. 2018;34(6):1177\u20131182."},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"161","article-title":"Pediatric and adult Chiari malformation Type I surgical series 1965-2013: a review of demographics, operative treatment, and outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Arnautovic A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arnautovic A, Splavski B, Boop FA, Arnautovic KI. Pediatric and adult Chiari malformation Type I surgical series 1965-2013: a review of demographics, operative treatment, and outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(2):161\u2013177."},{"issue":"2","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"150","article-title":"Outcomes after suboccipital decompression without dural opening in children with Chiari malformation Type I","volume":"16","author":"Kennedy BC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kennedy BC, Kelly KM, Phan MQ,  Outcomes after suboccipital decompression without dural opening in children with Chiari malformation Type I. 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J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2008;2(1):42\u201349."},{"issue":"6","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"629","article-title":"Factors associated with syrinx size in pediatric patients treated for Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia: a study from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium","volume":"25","author":"Hale AT","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hale AT, Adelson PD, Albert GW,  Factors associated with syrinx size in pediatric patients treated for Chiari malformation type I and syringomyelia: a study from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;25(6):629\u2013639."},{"issue":"2","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"174","article-title":"Improvement of syrinx resolution after tonsillar cautery in pediatric patients with Chiari Type I malformation","volume":"17","author":"Stanko KM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stanko KM, Lee YM, Rios J,  Improvement of syrinx resolution after tonsillar cautery in pediatric patients with Chiari Type I malformation. 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