{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:07:21Z","timestamp":1776096441127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The minimal important difference (MID) and minimal important change (MIC) are two metrics that bridge the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance and are critical to managing clinical decisions and conducting clinical research. The objective of this study was to define MIDs to evaluate cross-sectional differences among groups and to define MICs to evaluate longitudinal within-patient changes for the Mayo Clinic Vestibular Schwannoma Quality of Life (VSQOL) Index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anchor-based methods were used to define MIDs and MICs for the VSQOL Index domain scores, which range from 0 to 100 points, for a national cohort of 1050 patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma, 644 of whom completed the VSQOL Index twice approximately 1 year apart.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median of the MID estimates for the VSQOL Index domains were: hearing problems (17, IQR 12.5\u201321); dizziness and imbalance (21, IQR 18\u201323); pain, discomfort, and tinnitus (19.5, IQR 15\u201323.5); problems with face or eyes (18, IQR 17\u201328); impact on physical, emotional, and social well-being (19.5, IQR 14.5\u201323.5); difficulty with thinking and memory (23.5, IQR 18.5\u201328.5); global quality of life (12, IQR 8\u201316); and satisfaction or regret (13.5, IQR 7\u201317). MIC estimates for the hearing problems and satisfaction and regret domains were not obtained because the correlations between these domain scores and their associated anchors were not sufficiently strong. The MIC estimates (minimum and maximum) for the remaining domains were: dizziness and imbalance (7.2 and 8.3); pain, discomfort, and tinnitus (8.3 and 8.5); problems with face or eyes (7.0 and 7.4); impact on physical, emotional, and social well-being (2.1 and 8.0); and difficulty with thinking and memory (12.9 and 15.0). The median of the MIC estimates for global quality of life was 5.2 (IQR 3.7\u20135.6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MIDs and MICs reported herein provide a framework to interpret quality-of-life benefit or harm cross-sectionally among groups and longitudinally within patients. Moving forward, these values should be considered when interpreting studies using the VSQOL Index to assess disease-specific quality of life in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.9.jns251249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T01:40:13Z","timestamp":1769218813000},"page":"972-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Minimal important differences to assess cross-sectional differences among groups and minimal important changes to assess longitudinal within-patient changes for the Mayo Clinic Vestibular Schwannoma Quality of Life Index"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester;"},{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Tombers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester;"},{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen J.","family":"Yost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"202","article-title":"The minimal clinically important difference in vestibular schwannoma quality-of-life assessment: an important step beyondp < .05","volume":"153","author":"Carlson ML","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carlson ML, Tveiten OV, Yost KJ, Lohse CM, Lund-Johansen M, Link MJ. The minimal clinically important difference in vestibular schwannoma quality-of-life assessment: an important step beyondp < .05. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;153(2):202\u2013208."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"J Chronic Dis","first-page":"171","article-title":"Measuring change over time: assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments","volume":"40","author":"Guyatt G","year":"1987","unstructured":"Guyatt G, Walter S, Norman G. Measuring change over time: assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(2):171\u2013178."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Control Clin Trials","first-page":"407","article-title":"Measurement of health status. Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference","volume":"10","author":"Jaeschke R","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jaeschke R, Singer J, Guyatt GH. Measurement of health status. Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference. Control Clin Trials. 1989;10(4):407\u2013415."},{"issue":"10","key":"b4","series-title":"Qual Life Res","first-page":"2729","article-title":"Minimal important change (MIC): a conceptual clarification and systematic review of MIC estimates of PROMIS measures","volume":"30","author":"Terwee CB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terwee CB, Peipert JD, Chapman R,  Minimal important change (MIC): a conceptual clarification and systematic review of MIC estimates of PROMIS measures. Qual Life Res. 2021;30(10):2729\u20132754."},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","first-page":"507","article-title":"Minimally important differences were estimated for six Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Cancer scales in advanced-stage cancer patients","volume":"64","author":"Yost KJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yost KJ, Eton DT, Garcia SF, Cella D. Minimally important differences were estimated for six Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Cancer scales in advanced-stage cancer patients. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(5):507\u2013516."},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)","first-page":"575","article-title":"Incorporating patient-reported outcomes into health care to engage patients and enhance care","volume":"35","author":"Lavallee DC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lavallee DC, Chenok KE, Love RM,  Incorporating patient-reported outcomes into health care to engage patients and enhance care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35(4):575\u2013582."},{"issue":"14","key":"b7","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Vestibular schwannomas","volume":"384","author":"Carlson ML","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carlson ML, Link MJ. Vestibular schwannomas. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(14):1335\u20131348."},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"981","article-title":"Development and validation of a new disease-specific quality of life instrument for sporadic vestibular schwannoma: the Mayo Clinic Vestibular Schwannoma Quality of Life Index","volume":"138","author":"Carlson ML","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carlson ML, Lohse CM, Link MJ,  Development and validation of a new disease-specific quality of life instrument for sporadic vestibular schwannoma: the Mayo Clinic Vestibular Schwannoma Quality of Life Index. 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Long-term prospective quality-of-life outcomes in 445 patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma. Otol Neurotol. 2024;45(10):1167\u20131171."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"S2","article-title":"Improving access to vestibular schwannoma quality of life research through multilanguage translations of the Mayo Clinic Vestibular Schwannoma Quality of Life Index","volume":"142","author":"Carlson ML","year":"2025","unstructured":"Carlson ML, Lohse CM, Arnold BJ,  Improving access to vestibular schwannoma quality of life research through multilanguage translations of the Mayo Clinic Vestibular Schwannoma Quality of Life Index. 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