{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:55:59Z","timestamp":1781794559821,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a well-established treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). However, data on radiation-induced neoplasms (RINs) following SRS in patients with bAVMs remain limited. In this study, authors aimed to evaluate the incidence of newly developed intracranial RINs following SRS for bAVMs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors retrospectively analyzed anonymized data for patients who underwent SRS for bAVMs between 1990 and 2019 at 18 Gamma Knife centers in Japan. Patients with fewer than 3 years of radiological follow-up, prior radiotherapy, or genetic tumor predisposition were excluded. Newly developed tumors were classified as in field (within the 2-Gy isodose line) or out of field. Annual incidence rates were calculated based on total patient-years of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During a median radiological follow-up of 100 months, new intracranial tumors developed in 12 (0.27%) of the 4376 patients included in the study. In-field malignant tumors occurred in 5 patients (0.11%), with a median latency of 13.3 years. Out-of-field tumors were observed in 7 patients (0.16%), including malignant (n = 3) and benign (n = 4) neoplasms, with a median latency of 17.4 years. The cumulative incidence of in-field tumors at 10, 15, and 20 years was 0.08%, 0.16%, and 0.16%, respectively. The corresponding incidence of out-of-field tumors was 0.11%, 0.11%, and 0.58%, respectively. In terms of tumor histology, the cumulative incidence of new intracranial brain tumors at 10, 15, and 20 years was 0.15%, 0.24%, and 0.40% for malignant tumors and 0.03%, 0.03%, and 0.34% for nonmalignant tumors, respectively. Across 43,950.3 patient-years of radiological follow-up, the overall annual incidence was 0.027%, increasing from 0.005% within 5 years to 0.046% after 5 years. The annual incidence of in-field tumors was 0.011% (0% within and 0.021% after 5 years) and 0.016% for out-of-field tumors (0.005% within and 0.025% after 5 years). Malignant tumors had an annual incidence of 0.018% (0.005% within and 0.030% after 5 years), whereas benign tumors occurred only out of field with an annual incidence of 0.009% (0% within and 0.017% after 5 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of radiation-induced malignancies after SRS for bAVMs is extremely low but potentially fatal. Although the current risk is acceptable compared to the mortality associated with microsurgical resection, the possibility of late-onset malignancies, especially in younger patients, warrants caution. As more patients are treated and follow-up periods become extended, this risk may increase. Therefore, long-term surveillance is essential for accurately assessing and managing the potential for RINs over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.9.jns251807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T01:47:23Z","timestamp":1769824043000},"page":"1410-1418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiation-induced intracranial neoplasms after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective multicenter cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Toshinori","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takenori","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoyuki","family":"Umekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Kawagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiro Suzuki Memorial Gamma House, Furukawa Seiryo Hospital, Osaki, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Sasame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife House, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Ichihara, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Horiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisae","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Tohoku Hospital, Koriyama, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Serizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Gamma Unit Center, Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gamma Knife Center, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Yomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nagatomi Neurosurgical Hospital, Oita, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Nakazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Attack Center, Ota Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisayo","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Takashima Hospital, Yonago, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideya","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Nagatomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Koseikai Takai Hospital, Tenri, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"784","article-title":"Long-term risks of hemorrhage and adverse radiation effects of stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations","volume":"90","author":"Hasegawa T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hasegawa T, Kato T, Naito T,  Long-term risks of hemorrhage and adverse radiation effects of stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations. 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