{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:06:57Z","timestamp":1776096417292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"DOI":"10.3171\/2025.9.peds25463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T02:09:32Z","timestamp":1769220572000},"page":"271-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Editorial. Optimization of postoperative pain protocols following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Sch\u00fcpper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shriners Children\u2019s Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shriners Children\u2019s Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"413","article-title":"Perioperative outcome and complications following single-staged posterior spinal fusion (PSF) using pedicle screw instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): a review of 1057 cases from a single centre","volume":"22","author":"Kwan MK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwan MK, Loh KW, Chung WH, Chiu CK, Hasan MS, Chan CYW. Perioperative outcome and complications following single-staged posterior spinal fusion (PSF) using pedicle screw instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): a review of 1057 cases from a single centre. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):413."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)","first-page":"19","article-title":"Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: complications","volume":"52","author":"Al-Mohrej OA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Mohrej OA, Aldakhil SS, Al-Rabiah MA, Al-Rabiah AM. Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: complications. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020;52:19\u201323."},{"issue":"18","key":"b3","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976).","first-page":"2355","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous opioids versus epidural analgesia on recovery after surgery for idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"25","author":"Van Boerum DH","year":"2000","unstructured":"Van Boerum DH, Smith JT, Curtin MJ. A comparison of the effects of patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous opioids versus epidural analgesia on recovery after surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2000;25(18):2355\u20132357."},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"461","article-title":"Low-dose ketorolac improves analgesia and reduces morphine requirements following posterior spinal fusion in adolescents","volume":"49","author":"Munro HM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Munro HM, Walton SR, Malviya S,  Low-dose ketorolac improves analgesia and reduces morphine requirements following posterior spinal fusion in adolescents. Can J Anaesth. 2002;49(5):461\u2013466."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","article-title":"Intraoperative opioid infusion versus balanced opioid-sparing approach on the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain and inpatient opioid consumption in children undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 12-year retrospective observational cohort study","author":"Vernick RC","unstructured":"Vernick RC, Kim HM, Patel NV,  Intraoperative opioid infusion versus balanced opioid-sparing approach on the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain and inpatient opioid consumption in children undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 12-year retrospective observational cohort study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. Published online January 23, 2026. doi:10.3171\/2025.8.PEDS25382"},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"606","article-title":"Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation","volume":"78","author":"Kehlet H","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth. 1997;78(5):606\u2013617."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Indian J Anaesth","first-page":"23","article-title":"Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in idiopathic scoliosis of children: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis","volume":"69","author":"Sarkar S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarkar S, Yalla B, Garg B, Khanna P. Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in idiopathic scoliosis of children: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Indian J Anaesth. 2025;69(1):23\u201337."},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","first-page":"103626","article-title":"Enhanced recovery following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a medical and economic study in a French private nonprofit pediatric hospital","volume":"109","author":"Jeandel C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeandel C, Ikonomoff T, Bertoncelli CM,  Enhanced recovery following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a medical and economic study in a French private nonprofit pediatric hospital. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2023;109(6):103626."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Front Surg","first-page":"989119","article-title":"The outcome of enhanced recovery after surgery vs. a traditional pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a retrospective comparative study","volume":"9","author":"Ding H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding H, Hai Y, Guan L, Liu Y, Pan A, Han B. The outcome of enhanced recovery after surgery vs. a traditional pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a retrospective comparative study. Front Surg. 2022;9:989119."},{"issue":"5","key":"b10","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"1371","article-title":"Implementation of an enhanced recovery pathway in Australia after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis delivers improved outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Temby SE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Temby SE, Palmer GM, Penrose SP, Peachey DM, Johnson MB. Implementation of an enhanced recovery pathway in Australia after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis delivers improved outcomes. Spine Deform. 2021;9(5):1371\u20131377."},{"issue":"6","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Is it feasible to implement a rapid recovery pathway for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion in a single-payer universal health care system?","volume":"8","author":"DeVries Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeVries Z, Barrowman N, Smit K,  Is it feasible to implement a rapid recovery pathway for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion in a single-payer universal health care system?. Spine Deform. 2020;8(6):1223\u20131229."},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"812","article-title":"Perioperative surgical home: evaluation of a new protocol focused on a multidisciplinary approach to manage children undergoing posterior spinal fusion operation","volume":"125","author":"Kim E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim E, Lee B, Cucchiaro G. Perioperative surgical home: evaluation of a new protocol focused on a multidisciplinary approach to manage children undergoing posterior spinal fusion operation. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(3):812\u2013819."},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"288","article-title":"A rapid recovery pathway for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that improves pain control and reduces time to inpatient recovery after posterior spinal fusion","volume":"4","author":"Gornitzky AL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gornitzky AL, Flynn JM, Muhly WT, Sankar WN. A rapid recovery pathway for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that improves pain control and reduces time to inpatient recovery after posterior spinal fusion. Spine Deform. 2016;4(4):288\u2013295."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Perioperative surgical home in pediatric settings: preliminary results","volume":"123","author":"Thomson K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomson K, Pestieau SR, Patel JJ,  Perioperative surgical home in pediatric settings: preliminary results. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(5):1193\u20131200."},{"issue":"4","key":"b15","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"754","article-title":"Preoperative SRS pain score is the primary predictor of postoperative pain after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an observational retrospective study of pain outcomes from a registry of 1744 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.4 years","volume":"29","author":"Hwang SW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hwang SW, Pendleton C, Samdani AF,  Preoperative SRS pain score is the primary predictor of postoperative pain after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an observational retrospective study of pain outcomes from a registry of 1744 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.4 years. Eur Spine J. 2020;29(4):754\u2013760."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"55","article-title":"Factors associated with increased back pain in primary thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 10 years after surgery","volume":"10","author":"Bastrom TP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bastrom TP, Ohashi M, Bartley CE,  Factors associated with increased back pain in primary thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 10 years after surgery. Spine Deform. 2022;10(1):55\u201362."},{"issue":"8","key":"b17","series-title":"JAMA Surg","first-page":"854","article-title":"Association of intraoperative opioid administration with postoperative pain and opioid use","volume":"158","author":"Santa Cruz Mercado LA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santa Cruz Mercado LA, Liu R, Bharadwaj KM,  Association of intraoperative opioid administration with postoperative pain and opioid use. JAMA Surg. 2023;158(8):854\u2013864."},{"issue":"7","key":"b18","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"837","article-title":"Methadone and a clinical pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a historically controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Tams C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tams C, Dooley FC, Sangari TS,  Methadone and a clinical pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a historically controlled study. Global Spine J. 2020;10(7):837\u2013843."},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"413","article-title":"Perioperative outcome and complications following single-staged posterior spinal fusion (PSF) using pedicle screw instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): a review of 1057 cases from a single centre","volume":"22","author":"Kwan MK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwan MK, Loh KW, Chung WH, Chiu CK, Hasan MS, Chan CYW. Perioperative outcome and complications following single-staged posterior spinal fusion (PSF) using pedicle screw instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): a review of 1057 cases from a single centre. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):413."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)","first-page":"19","article-title":"Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: complications","volume":"52","author":"Al-Mohrej OA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Mohrej OA, Aldakhil SS, Al-Rabiah MA, Al-Rabiah AM. Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: complications. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2020;52:19\u201323."},{"issue":"18","key":"b3","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976).","first-page":"2355","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous opioids versus epidural analgesia on recovery after surgery for idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"25","author":"Van Boerum DH","year":"2000","unstructured":"Van Boerum DH, Smith JT, Curtin MJ. A comparison of the effects of patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous opioids versus epidural analgesia on recovery after surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2000;25(18):2355\u20132357."},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"461","article-title":"Low-dose ketorolac improves analgesia and reduces morphine requirements following posterior spinal fusion in adolescents","volume":"49","author":"Munro HM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Munro HM, Walton SR, Malviya S,  Low-dose ketorolac improves analgesia and reduces morphine requirements following posterior spinal fusion in adolescents. Can J Anaesth. 2002;49(5):461\u2013466."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","article-title":"Intraoperative opioid infusion versus balanced opioid-sparing approach on the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain and inpatient opioid consumption in children undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 12-year retrospective observational cohort study","author":"Vernick RC","unstructured":"Vernick RC, Kim HM, Patel NV,  Intraoperative opioid infusion versus balanced opioid-sparing approach on the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain and inpatient opioid consumption in children undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a 12-year retrospective observational cohort study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. Published online January 23, 2026. doi:10.3171\/2025.8.PEDS25382"},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"606","article-title":"Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation","volume":"78","author":"Kehlet H","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth. 1997;78(5):606\u2013617."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Indian J Anaesth","first-page":"23","article-title":"Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in idiopathic scoliosis of children: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis","volume":"69","author":"Sarkar S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarkar S, Yalla B, Garg B, Khanna P. Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in idiopathic scoliosis of children: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Indian J Anaesth. 2025;69(1):23\u201337."},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","first-page":"103626","article-title":"Enhanced recovery following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a medical and economic study in a French private nonprofit pediatric hospital","volume":"109","author":"Jeandel C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeandel C, Ikonomoff T, Bertoncelli CM,  Enhanced recovery following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a medical and economic study in a French private nonprofit pediatric hospital. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2023;109(6):103626."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Front Surg","first-page":"989119","article-title":"The outcome of enhanced recovery after surgery vs. a traditional pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a retrospective comparative study","volume":"9","author":"Ding H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding H, Hai Y, Guan L, Liu Y, Pan A, Han B. The outcome of enhanced recovery after surgery vs. a traditional pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a retrospective comparative study. Front Surg. 2022;9:989119."},{"issue":"5","key":"b10","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"1371","article-title":"Implementation of an enhanced recovery pathway in Australia after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis delivers improved outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Temby SE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Temby SE, Palmer GM, Penrose SP, Peachey DM, Johnson MB. Implementation of an enhanced recovery pathway in Australia after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis delivers improved outcomes. Spine Deform. 2021;9(5):1371\u20131377."},{"issue":"6","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Is it feasible to implement a rapid recovery pathway for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion in a single-payer universal health care system?","volume":"8","author":"DeVries Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeVries Z, Barrowman N, Smit K,  Is it feasible to implement a rapid recovery pathway for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion in a single-payer universal health care system?. Spine Deform. 2020;8(6):1223\u20131229."},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"812","article-title":"Perioperative surgical home: evaluation of a new protocol focused on a multidisciplinary approach to manage children undergoing posterior spinal fusion operation","volume":"125","author":"Kim E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim E, Lee B, Cucchiaro G. Perioperative surgical home: evaluation of a new protocol focused on a multidisciplinary approach to manage children undergoing posterior spinal fusion operation. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(3):812\u2013819."},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"288","article-title":"A rapid recovery pathway for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that improves pain control and reduces time to inpatient recovery after posterior spinal fusion","volume":"4","author":"Gornitzky AL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gornitzky AL, Flynn JM, Muhly WT, Sankar WN. A rapid recovery pathway for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that improves pain control and reduces time to inpatient recovery after posterior spinal fusion. Spine Deform. 2016;4(4):288\u2013295."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Perioperative surgical home in pediatric settings: preliminary results","volume":"123","author":"Thomson K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomson K, Pestieau SR, Patel JJ,  Perioperative surgical home in pediatric settings: preliminary results. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(5):1193\u20131200."},{"issue":"4","key":"b15","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"754","article-title":"Preoperative SRS pain score is the primary predictor of postoperative pain after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an observational retrospective study of pain outcomes from a registry of 1744 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.4 years","volume":"29","author":"Hwang SW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hwang SW, Pendleton C, Samdani AF,  Preoperative SRS pain score is the primary predictor of postoperative pain after surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an observational retrospective study of pain outcomes from a registry of 1744 patients with a mean follow-up of 3.4 years. Eur Spine J. 2020;29(4):754\u2013760."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"55","article-title":"Factors associated with increased back pain in primary thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 10 years after surgery","volume":"10","author":"Bastrom TP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bastrom TP, Ohashi M, Bartley CE,  Factors associated with increased back pain in primary thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis 10 years after surgery. Spine Deform. 2022;10(1):55\u201362."},{"issue":"8","key":"b17","series-title":"JAMA Surg","first-page":"854","article-title":"Association of intraoperative opioid administration with postoperative pain and opioid use","volume":"158","author":"Santa Cruz Mercado LA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santa Cruz Mercado LA, Liu R, Bharadwaj KM,  Association of intraoperative opioid administration with postoperative pain and opioid use. JAMA Surg. 2023;158(8):854\u2013864."},{"issue":"7","key":"b18","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"837","article-title":"Methadone and a clinical pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a historically controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Tams C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tams C, Dooley FC, Sangari TS,  Methadone and a clinical pathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: a historically controlled study. Global Spine J. 2020;10(7):837\u2013843."},{"issue":"3","key":"B01","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e2025073169","article-title":"Recognition and management of iatrogenically induced opioid dependence and withdrawal in children: clinical report","volume":"156","author":"Adler AC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adler AC, Siegel LB, Wilder RT,  Recognition and management of iatrogenically induced opioid dependence and withdrawal in children: clinical report. Pediatrics. 2025;156(3):e2025073169. doi:10.1542\/peds.2025-073169"},{"issue":"4","key":"B02","series-title":"Pain Manag","first-page":"405","article-title":"Mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and management of perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia","volume":"11","author":"Wilson SH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilson SH, Hellman KM, James D, Adler AC, Chandrakantan A. Mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and management of perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Pain Manag. 2021;11(4):405\u2013417. doi:10.2217\/pmt-2020-0105"},{"issue":"3","key":"B01","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e2025073169","article-title":"Recognition and management of iatrogenically induced opioid dependence and withdrawal in children: clinical report","volume":"156","author":"Adler AC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adler AC, Siegel LB, Wilder RT,  Recognition and management of iatrogenically induced opioid dependence and withdrawal in children: clinical report. Pediatrics. 2025;156(3):e2025073169. doi:10.1542\/peds.2025-073169"},{"issue":"4","key":"B02","series-title":"Pain Manag","first-page":"405","article-title":"Mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and management of perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia","volume":"11","author":"Wilson SH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilson SH, Hellman KM, James D, Adler AC, Chandrakantan A. Mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and management of perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Pain Manag. 2021;11(4):405\u2013417. doi:10.2217\/pmt-2020-0105"},{"issue":"3","key":"B01","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"e2025073169","article-title":"Recognition and management of iatrogenically induced opioid dependence and withdrawal in children: clinical report","volume":"156","author":"Adler AC","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adler AC, Siegel LB, Wilder RT,  Recognition and management of iatrogenically induced opioid dependence and withdrawal in children: clinical report. Pediatrics. 2025;156(3):e2025073169. doi:10.1542\/peds.2025-073169"},{"issue":"4","key":"B02","series-title":"Pain Manag","first-page":"405","article-title":"Mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and management of perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia","volume":"11","author":"Wilson SH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilson SH, Hellman KM, James D, Adler AC, Chandrakantan A. Mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and management of perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Pain Manag. 2021;11(4):405\u2013417. doi:10.2217\/pmt-2020-0105"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/37\/4\/article-p271.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/37\/4\/article-p271.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/37\/4\/article-p271.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:26:25Z","timestamp":1776093985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/37\/4\/article-p271.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2025.9.peds25463","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]}}}