{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:25:29Z","timestamp":1794219929992,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asleep deep brain stimulation (DBS) has gained acceptance as an alternative to traditional awake microelectrode recording\u2013guided surgery. However, true same-day bilateral DBS with simultaneous implantable pulse generator (IPG) placement remains sparsely reported. This study presents a large single-center experience of same-day asleep DBS, evaluating feasibility, accuracy, safety, and perioperative outcomes in comparison with a traditional inpatient DBS workflow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective data analysis was performed for 125 consecutive patients evaluated for DBS between August 2024 and June 2025. Eighty-three patients met predefined eligibility criteria and underwent bilateral asleep DBS with same-day discharge, while 42 patients were managed under a traditional inpatient pathway based on medical, anatomical, anesthetic, or social factors. High-resolution MRI-CT fusion was used for stereotactic targeting without microelectrode recording. Demographics, comorbidities, operative duration, lead placement accuracy, perioperative complications, hospital utilization, and 30-day readmissions were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The same-day cohort had a mean age of 55.8 years (range 4\u201376 years), and the majority underwent globus pallidus internus DBS (92.8%). The mean operative duration for same-day DBS with single-session lead and IPG implantation was 2 hours 35 minutes. The mean hospital utilization time was 8.48 \u00b1 1.14 hours. Postoperative imaging demonstrated high targeting precision, with a mean lead deviation of 0.7 \u00b1 0.14 mm and all electrodes positioned within 1 mm of the intended target. No intracranial hemorrhage, surgical site infection, hardware-related complication, or new neurological deficit occurred. One patient (1.2%) was readmitted on postoperative day 3 for atrial fibrillation, which was medically managed and unrelated to DBS. Patients managed under the traditional inpatient pathway had a higher comorbidity burden and a longer mean hospital length of stay of 51.0 \u00b1 9.7 hours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Same-day asleep DBS with single-session bilateral lead and IPG implantation can be performed safely and accurately within a structured workflow and appropriate patient selection framework. This approach substantially reduces hospital utilization while maintaining a low perioperative complication rate, supporting the feasibility and scalability of same-day DBS in high-volume functional neurosurgery programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2026.1.jns251681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:16:31Z","timestamp":1782864991000},"page":"880-889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Same-day asleep deep brain stimulation with single-session lead and pulse generator implantation: a high-efficiency approach for movement disorders"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Dhanunjaya Rao","family":"Ginjupally","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhat","family":"Suman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kommula Lakshman","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanesthesia, Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannam","family":"Spandana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroanesthesia, Apollo Hospital, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"896","article-title":"A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"355","author":"Deuschl G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deuschl G, Schade-Brittinger C, Krack P,  A randomized trial of deep-brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(9):896\u2013908. doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa060281"},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Nat Rev Neurol","first-page":"148","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: current challenges and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Lozano AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lozano AM, Lipsman N, Bergman H,  Deep brain stimulation: current challenges and future directions. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(3):148\u2013160. doi:10.1038\/s41582-018-0128-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Neuromodulation","first-page":"444","article-title":"Comparison of awake and asleep deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a detailed analysis through literature review","volume":"23","author":"Wang J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Ponce FA, Tao J,  Comparison of awake and asleep deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a detailed analysis through literature review. Neuromodulation. 2020;23(4):444\u2013450. doi:10.1111\/ner.13061"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis","first-page":"27","article-title":"A comparative study of asleep and awake deep brain stimulation robot-assisted surgery for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Jin H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jin H, Gong S, Tao Y,  A comparative study of asleep and awake deep brain stimulation robot-assisted surgery for Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2020;6:27. doi:10.1038\/s41531-020-00130-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Cost analysis of awake versus asleep deep brain stimulation: a single academic health center experience","volume":"124","author":"Jacob RL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacob RL, Geddes J, McCartney S, Burchiel KJ. Cost analysis of awake versus asleep deep brain stimulation: a single academic health center experience. 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Neurology. 2017;89(19):1944\u20131950. doi:10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004630"},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"83","article-title":"Asleep deep brain stimulation reduces incidence of intracranial air during electrode implantation","volume":"96","author":"Ko AL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ko AL, Magown P, Ozpinar A, Hamzaoglu V, Burchiel KJ. Asleep deep brain stimulation reduces incidence of intracranial air during electrode implantation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2018;96(2):83\u201390. doi:10.1159\/000488150"},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Brain Sci","first-page":"17","article-title":"Awake versus asleep deep brain stimulation surgery: technical considerations and critical review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Kochanski RB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kochanski RB, Sani S. Awake versus asleep deep brain stimulation surgery: technical considerations and critical review of the literature. Brain Sci. 2018;8(1):17. doi:10.3390\/brainsci8010017"},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"230","article-title":"A phase 2 randomized trial of asleep versus awake subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"99","author":"Engelhardt J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Engelhardt J, Caire F, Damon-Perri\u00e8re N,  A phase 2 randomized trial of asleep versus awake subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2021;99(3):230\u2013240. doi:10.1159\/000511424"},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"257","article-title":"Global economic evaluation of the reported costs of deep brain stimulation","volume":"102","author":"Bishay AE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bishay AE, Lyons AT, Koester SW,  Global economic evaluation of the reported costs of deep brain stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2024;102(4):257\u2013274. doi:10.1159\/000537865"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/145\/4\/article-p880.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/145\/4\/article-p880.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/145\/4\/article-p880.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T09:59:23Z","timestamp":1794218363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/145\/4\/article-p880.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2026.1.jns251681","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}}}