{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T01:05:37Z","timestamp":1779843937938,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of initiating physical therapy (PT) on the day of surgery (i.e., postoperative day 0 [POD0]) in patients undergoing single-level lumbar fusion surgery, with a focus on hospital length of stay (LOS) and early postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a single institution. Patients undergoing single-level lumbar fusion between August 2022 and December 2024 were included. Those with revision surgery, tumors, or infections were excluded. POD0 PT was implemented in January 2024. Patients treated prior to this date received POD1 PT. Demographic, surgical, and postoperative data were compared between the POD0 and POD1 PT groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 586 patients were analyzed (POD0, n = 84; POD1, n = 502). Baseline demographics and surgical characteristics were similar between the groups. The POD0 group had a significantly shorter LOS (mean 3.4 \u00b1 1.6 vs 4.0 \u00b1 2.7 days, p = 0.016), and the patients were more likely to be discharged home. No significant differences were found in postoperative complications, including cardiac, pulmonary, neurological, gastrointestinal, urinary, infectious, or mechanical issues. Rates of 30- and 90-day emergency department visits, readmissions, or reoperations were also comparable between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initiating PT on the day of surgery is associated with reduced LOS and an increased likelihood of home discharge, without increasing complications or worsening clinical outcomes. These findings support the safety and potential benefits of POD0 PT in enhancing early recovery following single-level lumbar fusion surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2026.1.spine251293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:52:37Z","timestamp":1779288757000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of same-day physical therapy on length of hospital stay and discharge disposition following single-level lumbar fusion"],"prefix":"10.3171","author":[{"given":"Yoji","family":"Ogura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; and"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Nakatsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingsley","family":"Ogelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance","family":"Maglaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Themistocles","family":"Protopsaltis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"752","article-title":"Trends in lumbar spinal fusion\u2013a literature review","volume":"6","author":"Reisener MJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reisener MJ, Pumberger M, Shue J, Girardi FP, Hughes AP. Trends in lumbar spinal fusion\u2013a literature review. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(4):752\u2013761. doi:10.21037\/jss-20-492"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"110793","article-title":"Risk factors for extended hospital stay following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"128","author":"Anwar FN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anwar FN, Roca AM, Medakkar SS, Loya AC, Khosla I, Singh K. Risk factors for extended hospital stay following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. J Clin Neurosci. 2024;128:110793. doi:10.1016\/j.jocn.2024.110793"},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"369","article-title":"Trends in lumbar fusion procedure rates and associated hospital costs for degenerative spinal diseases in the United States, 2004 to 2015","volume":"44","author":"Martin BI","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin BI, Mirza SK, Spina N, Spiker WR, Lawrence B, Brodke DS. Trends in lumbar fusion procedure rates and associated hospital costs for degenerative spinal diseases in the United States, 2004 to 2015. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019;44(5):369\u2013376. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002822"},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"753","article-title":"Enhanced recovery pathway in adult patients undergoing thoracolumbar deformity surgery","volume":"21","author":"Kim HJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Steinhaus M, Punyala A,  Enhanced recovery pathway in adult patients undergoing thoracolumbar deformity surgery. Spine J. 2021;21(5):753\u2013764. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.01.003"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S41","article-title":"Is rehabilitation intervention during hospitalization enough for functional improvements in patients undergoing lumbar decompression surgery? A prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"129","author":"Chen CY","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen CY, Chang CW, Lee ST,  Is rehabilitation intervention during hospitalization enough for functional improvements in patients undergoing lumbar decompression surgery? A prospective randomized controlled study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015;129(Suppl 1):S41\u2013S46. doi:10.1016\/S0303-8467(15)30011-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"101","article-title":"Day one versus day zero postoperative physical therapy among patients with lumbar spinal fusion: a length of stay comparison","volume":"24","author":"Lierz MP","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lierz MP, Ablah E, Dean J, Okut H, Whitaker C. Day one versus day zero postoperative physical therapy among patients with lumbar spinal fusion: a length of stay comparison. Spine J. 2024;24(1):101\u2013106. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.08.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"325","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical utility of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways in adult spine surgery","volume":"34","author":"Pennington Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pennington Z, Cottrill E, Lubelski D, Ehresman J, Theodore N, Sciubba DM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical utility of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways in adult spine surgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2021;34(2):325\u2013347. doi:10.3171\/2020.6.SPINE20795"},{"issue":"18","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1420","article-title":"Early ambulation decreases length of hospital stay, perioperative complications and improves functional outcomes in elderly patients undergoing surgery for correction of adult degenerative scoliosis","volume":"42","author":"Adogwa O","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adogwa O, Elsamadicy AA, Fialkoff J, Cheng J, Karikari IO, Bagley C. Early ambulation decreases length of hospital stay, perioperative complications and improves functional outcomes in elderly patients undergoing surgery for correction of adult degenerative scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017;42(18):1420\u20131425. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002189"},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"10","article-title":"Association between occurrence of a postoperative complication and readmission: implications for quality improvement and cost savings","volume":"258","author":"Lawson EH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lawson EH, Hall BL, Louie R,  Association between occurrence of a postoperative complication and readmission: implications for quality improvement and cost savings. Ann Surg. 2013;258(1):10\u201318. doi:10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31828e3ac3"},{"issue":"20","key":"b10","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1790","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after lumbar spine surgery","volume":"38","author":"Fineberg SJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fineberg SJ, Nandyala SV, Marquez-Lara A, Oglesby M, Patel AA, Singh K. Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after lumbar spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(20):1790\u20131796. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a0d507"},{"issue":"14","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1260","article-title":"An analysis of causes of readmission after spine surgery","volume":"37","author":"McCormack RA","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCormack RA, Hunter T, Ramos N, Michels R, Hutzler L, Bosco JA. An analysis of causes of readmission after spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(14):1260\u20131266. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318245f561"},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"497","article-title":"Using the ACS-NSQIP to identify factors affecting hospital length of stay after elective posterior lumbar fusion","volume":"39","author":"Basques BA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Basques BA, Fu MC, Buerba RA, Bohl DD, Golinvaux NS, Grauer JN. Using the ACS-NSQIP to identify factors affecting hospital length of stay after elective posterior lumbar fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39(6):497\u2013502. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000184"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1160","article-title":"Predictors of patient satisfaction in spine surgery: a systematic review","volume":"146","author":"Lehrich BM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lehrich BM, Goshtasbi K, Brown NJ,  Predictors of patient satisfaction in spine surgery: a systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2021;146:e1160\u2013e1170. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.125"},{"issue":"10","key":"b14","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1845","article-title":"Predictors of adverse discharge disposition in adult spinal deformity and associated costs","volume":"18","author":"Passias PG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Passias PG, Poorman GW, Bortz CA,  Predictors of adverse discharge disposition in adult spinal deformity and associated costs. Spine J. 2018;18(10):1845\u20131852. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.03.022"},{"issue":"3","key":"b15","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"430","article-title":"Discharge to inpatient facilities after lumbar fusion surgery is associated with increased postoperative venous thromboembolism and readmissions","volume":"19","author":"Khormaee S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khormaee S, Samuel AM, Schairer WW,  Discharge to inpatient facilities after lumbar fusion surgery is associated with increased postoperative venous thromboembolism and readmissions. Spine J. 2019;19(3):430\u2013436. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.05.044"},{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"752","article-title":"Trends in lumbar spinal fusion\u2013a literature review","volume":"6","author":"Reisener MJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reisener MJ, Pumberger M, Shue J, Girardi FP, Hughes AP. Trends in lumbar spinal fusion\u2013a literature review. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(4):752\u2013761. doi:10.21037\/jss-20-492"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"110793","article-title":"Risk factors for extended hospital stay following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"128","author":"Anwar FN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anwar FN, Roca AM, Medakkar SS, Loya AC, Khosla I, Singh K. Risk factors for extended hospital stay following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. J Clin Neurosci. 2024;128:110793. doi:10.1016\/j.jocn.2024.110793"},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"369","article-title":"Trends in lumbar fusion procedure rates and associated hospital costs for degenerative spinal diseases in the United States, 2004 to 2015","volume":"44","author":"Martin BI","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin BI, Mirza SK, Spina N, Spiker WR, Lawrence B, Brodke DS. Trends in lumbar fusion procedure rates and associated hospital costs for degenerative spinal diseases in the United States, 2004 to 2015. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019;44(5):369\u2013376. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002822"},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"753","article-title":"Enhanced recovery pathway in adult patients undergoing thoracolumbar deformity surgery","volume":"21","author":"Kim HJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Steinhaus M, Punyala A,  Enhanced recovery pathway in adult patients undergoing thoracolumbar deformity surgery. Spine J. 2021;21(5):753\u2013764. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.01.003"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"S41","article-title":"Is rehabilitation intervention during hospitalization enough for functional improvements in patients undergoing lumbar decompression surgery? A prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"129","author":"Chen CY","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen CY, Chang CW, Lee ST,  Is rehabilitation intervention during hospitalization enough for functional improvements in patients undergoing lumbar decompression surgery? A prospective randomized controlled study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015;129(Suppl 1):S41\u2013S46. doi:10.1016\/S0303-8467(15)30011-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"101","article-title":"Day one versus day zero postoperative physical therapy among patients with lumbar spinal fusion: a length of stay comparison","volume":"24","author":"Lierz MP","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lierz MP, Ablah E, Dean J, Okut H, Whitaker C. Day one versus day zero postoperative physical therapy among patients with lumbar spinal fusion: a length of stay comparison. Spine J. 2024;24(1):101\u2013106. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.08.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"325","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical utility of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways in adult spine surgery","volume":"34","author":"Pennington Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pennington Z, Cottrill E, Lubelski D, Ehresman J, Theodore N, Sciubba DM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical utility of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pathways in adult spine surgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2021;34(2):325\u2013347. doi:10.3171\/2020.6.SPINE20795"},{"issue":"18","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1420","article-title":"Early ambulation decreases length of hospital stay, perioperative complications and improves functional outcomes in elderly patients undergoing surgery for correction of adult degenerative scoliosis","volume":"42","author":"Adogwa O","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adogwa O, Elsamadicy AA, Fialkoff J, Cheng J, Karikari IO, Bagley C. Early ambulation decreases length of hospital stay, perioperative complications and improves functional outcomes in elderly patients undergoing surgery for correction of adult degenerative scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017;42(18):1420\u20131425. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002189"},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"10","article-title":"Association between occurrence of a postoperative complication and readmission: implications for quality improvement and cost savings","volume":"258","author":"Lawson EH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lawson EH, Hall BL, Louie R,  Association between occurrence of a postoperative complication and readmission: implications for quality improvement and cost savings. Ann Surg. 2013;258(1):10\u201318. doi:10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31828e3ac3"},{"issue":"20","key":"b10","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1790","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after lumbar spine surgery","volume":"38","author":"Fineberg SJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fineberg SJ, Nandyala SV, Marquez-Lara A, Oglesby M, Patel AA, Singh K. Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after lumbar spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(20):1790\u20131796. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a0d507"},{"issue":"14","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1260","article-title":"An analysis of causes of readmission after spine surgery","volume":"37","author":"McCormack RA","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCormack RA, Hunter T, Ramos N, Michels R, Hutzler L, Bosco JA. An analysis of causes of readmission after spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(14):1260\u20131266. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318245f561"},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"497","article-title":"Using the ACS-NSQIP to identify factors affecting hospital length of stay after elective posterior lumbar fusion","volume":"39","author":"Basques BA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Basques BA, Fu MC, Buerba RA, Bohl DD, Golinvaux NS, Grauer JN. Using the ACS-NSQIP to identify factors affecting hospital length of stay after elective posterior lumbar fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39(6):497\u2013502. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000184"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1160","article-title":"Predictors of patient satisfaction in spine surgery: a systematic review","volume":"146","author":"Lehrich BM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lehrich BM, Goshtasbi K, Brown NJ,  Predictors of patient satisfaction in spine surgery: a systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2021;146:e1160\u2013e1170. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.125"},{"issue":"10","key":"b14","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1845","article-title":"Predictors of adverse discharge disposition in adult spinal deformity and associated costs","volume":"18","author":"Passias PG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Passias PG, Poorman GW, Bortz CA,  Predictors of adverse discharge disposition in adult spinal deformity and associated costs. Spine J. 2018;18(10):1845\u20131852. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.03.022"},{"issue":"3","key":"b15","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"430","article-title":"Discharge to inpatient facilities after lumbar fusion surgery is associated with increased postoperative venous thromboembolism and readmissions","volume":"19","author":"Khormaee S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khormaee S, Samuel AM, Schairer WW,  Discharge to inpatient facilities after lumbar fusion surgery is associated with increased postoperative venous thromboembolism and readmissions. 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