{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T02:25:19Z","timestamp":1787970319666,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The size of the superficial temporal artery (STA) is a key consideration for pediatric patients with moyamoya disease or arteriopathies requiring intracranial perfusion augmentation. For selected patients, STA-to\u2013middle cerebral artery bypass is considered. Because STA lumen diameter is critical to the success of this procedure, the authors aimed to characterize STA growth from infancy to adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-institution retrospective analysis included patients in 6 age groups (0\u20133 years old, 4\u20137 years old, 8\u201311 years old, 12\u201315 years old, 16\u201318 years old, and &gt; 18 years old) without disease or trauma that could affect STA morphology who underwent computed tomography angiography of the head. The diameters of the left and right STAs were measured at the main branch at the level of the zygoma and at the frontal and parietal branches at the level of the orbit. Differences were assessed via 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc analyses. In a subanalysis, the STA lumen diameters of the 0- to 3-year-old patients were modeled via a logistic growth model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 10 patients were included in each age category, resulting in 120 STAs from 60 patients. The mean \u00b1 SD main branch STA diameters by age were 2.0 \u00b1 0.47, 2.6 \u00b1 0.44, 2.4 \u00b1 0.37, 2.5 \u00b1 0.30, 2.4 \u00b1 0.28, and 2.6 \u00b1 0.33 mm. The mean frontal branch diameters were 1.6 \u00b1 0.55, 2.2 \u00b1 0.51, 2.3 \u00b1 0.39, 2.2 \u00b1 0.20, 2.4 \u00b1 0.28, and 2.3 \u00b1 0.39 mm, and the mean parietal branch diameters were 1.5 \u00b1 0.54, 2.2 \u00b1 0.45, 2.1 \u00b1 0.45, 2.3 \u00b1 0.46, 2.1 \u00b1 0.43, and 2.1 \u00b1 0.30 mm by age group. Children aged 0\u20133 years had significantly smaller diameters compared with all other age groups (p &lt; 0.001). During peak STA growth (0\u20133 years), the main, frontal, and parietal STA growth rates were 33.6%, 21.9%, and 31.0% per year, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>STA maturation mostly occurs in the first 3 years of life. STA growth patterns can assist with operative planning for pediatric patients with vascular pathologies requiring direct bypass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2026.2.peds25616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:15:48Z","timestamp":1782864948000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of the superficial temporal artery in pediatric patients: considerations for surgical revascularization"],"prefix":"10.3171","author":[{"given":"Allison S.","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel A.","family":"Tenhoeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;"},{"name":"Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Bounajem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig J.","family":"Kilburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol P.","family":"Budohoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Grandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay M.","family":"Ravindra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Couldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Rennert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"e51","article-title":"Management of stroke in neonates and children: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"50","author":"Ferriero DM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferriero DM, Fullerton HJ, Bernard TJ,  Management of stroke in neonates and children: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. 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