{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:18:51Z","timestamp":1783469931350,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Integrating robotics with neuronavigation and tubular dilation enables minimally invasive posterior stabilization and tumor resection. A 40-year-old woman presented with diffuse spinal metastases with spinal cord compression. This surgical video demonstrates the authors\u2019 entire minimally invasive workflow for robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw placement, arthrodesis, and navigated tubular resection. The authors review their institutional experience with 14 cases using this workflow. The advantages of this approach include the high accuracy of pedicle screw placement, minimal blood loss, and expedited time to postoperative chemoradiation therapy compared to traditional open, nonrobotic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The video can be found here:\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/stream.cadmore.media\/r10.3171\/2026.4.FOCVID25225\">https:\/\/stream.cadmore.media\/r10.3171\/2026.4.FOCVID25225<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/2026.4.focvid25225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:09:47Z","timestamp":1782864587000},"page":"V12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robot-assisted, minimally invasive spinal tumor resection and posterior spinal fusion"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alexa","family":"Semonche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Sastry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Dalle Ore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor","family":"Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alekos","family":"Theologis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Robot-assisted pedicle screw insertion versus navigation-based and freehand techniques for posterior spinal fusion in scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Al-Naseem AO","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Naseem AO, Al-Muhannadi A, Ramadhan M,  Robot-assisted pedicle screw insertion versus navigation-based and freehand techniques for posterior spinal fusion in scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine Deform. 2024;12(5):1203\u20131215. doi:10.1007\/s43390-024-00879-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Robotic versus fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw insertion for metastatic spinal disease: a matched-cohort comparison","volume":"42","author":"Solomiichuk V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solomiichuk V, Fleischhammer J, Molliqaj G,  Robotic versus fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw insertion for metastatic spinal disease: a matched-cohort comparison. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;42(5):E13. doi:10.3171\/2017.3.FOCUS1710"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"921","article-title":"Robot-assisted and conventional freehand pedicle screw placement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"27","author":"Gao S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao S, Lv Z, Fang H. Robot-assisted and conventional freehand pedicle screw placement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Spine J. 2018;27(4):921\u2013930. doi:10.1007\/s00586-017-5333-y"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Robotic assisted surgeries for the treatment of spine tumors","volume":"9","author":"Hu X","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu X, Scharschmidt TJ, Ohnmeiss DD, Lieberman IH. Robotic assisted surgeries for the treatment of spine tumors. Int J Spine Surg. 2015;9:1\u20137. doi:10.14444\/2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"b5","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"305","article-title":"Robotic-assisted spine surgery\u2014a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Antonacci CL","year":"2024","unstructured":"Antonacci CL, Zeng F, Block A, Davey A, Makanji G. Robotic-assisted spine surgery\u2014a narrative review. J Spine Surg. 2024;10(2):305\u2013312. doi:10.21037\/jss-23-40"},{"issue":"2","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"215","article-title":"Perioperative outcomes after minimally invasive and open surgery for treatment of spine metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Shakil H","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shakil H, Essa A, Malhotra AK,  Perioperative outcomes after minimally invasive and open surgery for treatment of spine metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Spine. 2025;42(2):215\u2013229. doi:10.3171\/2024.7.SPINE24518"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"b7","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"79S","article-title":"The role of minimal access surgery in the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors","volume":"10","author":"Barzilai O","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barzilai O, Bilsky MH, Laufer I. The role of minimal access surgery in the treatment of spinal metastatic tumors. Global Spine J. 2020;10(2 suppl):79S\u201387S. doi:10.1177\/2192568219895265"},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"118","article-title":"Robot-navigated pedicle screw insertion can reduce intraoperative blood loss and length of hospital stay: analysis of 1,633 patients utilizing propensity score matching","volume":"24","author":"Asada T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Asada T, Simon CZ, Lu AZ,  Robot-navigated pedicle screw insertion can reduce intraoperative blood loss and length of hospital stay: analysis of 1,633 patients utilizing propensity score matching. Spine J. 2024;24(1):118\u2013124. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.09.004"},{"issue":"5","key":"b9","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E12","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of cement augmentation with fenestrated pedicle screws for tumor-related instability","volume":"50","author":"Massad E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Massad E, Rolle M, Hadzipasic M, Kiapour A, Shankar GM, Shin HJ. Safety and efficacy of cement augmentation with fenestrated pedicle screws for tumor-related instability. Neurosurg Focus. 2021;50(5):E12. doi:10.3171\/2021.2.FOCUS201121"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"362","article-title":"Preoperative embolization of spinal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Griessenaur CJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Griessenaur CJ, Salem M, Hendrix P, Foreman PM, Ogilvy CS, Thomas AJ. Preoperative embolization of spinal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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