{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:17:26Z","timestamp":1788308246083,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both open and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches for degenerative low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis have been shown to improve patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Recent studies, however, have suggested that MIS may offer superior, more durable benefits due to less soft tissue dissection and expedited recovery. Unfortunately, data demonstrating whether or when such divergences in long-term PROs may arise are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors utilized the prospective multicenter Spine CORe\u2122 Quality Outcomes Database grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis dataset to evaluate longitudinal outcomes over 60 months. PROs included Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQol-5D, and numeric rating scale for back pain and leg pain scores. Outcomes were compared between MIS and open approaches using univariate and multivariable analyses. Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) were assessed using established thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 608 patients, 265 (43.6%) underwent MIS while 343 (56.4%) underwent open surgery. MIS patients were older (64.1 \u00b1 11.6 vs 60.7 \u00b1 12.2 years, p &lt; 0.001) and had lower BMI (29.7 \u00b1 5.8 vs 30.9 \u00b1 6.7 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p = 0.0180). Overall, 72.8% of MIS and 80.2% of open patients underwent arthrodesis (p = 0.0330). Other variables, including baseline PROs, were similar. After surgery, MIS was associated with less blood loss (104.2 \u00b1 100.4 vs 249.1 \u00b1 233.3 mL, p &lt; 0.001) and shorter length of stay (2.3 \u00b1 1.9 vs 3.1 \u00b1 1.7 days, p &lt; 0.001); there were no differences in readmission, complication, or 60-month related reoperation rates. In univariate analyses, at the 3-month and 12-month follow-ups, there were no differences in magnitude of change or MCID achievement for any PRO. MIS, however, demonstrated superior improvements in ODI score at 24 months (\u221225.8 \u00b1 20.6 vs \u221220.9 \u00b1 20.0, p = 0.0116) and 60 months (\u221224.4 \u00b1 20.9 vs \u221219.8 \u00b1 21.1, p = 0.0162), with greater MCID rates (24 months: 72.8% vs 61.1%, p = 0.0090; 60 months: 68.1% vs 58.8%, p = 0.0363). After multivariable analysis, these significant differences in ODI score persisted (24-month change: \u03b2 = \u22126.2, p = 0.0014; 60-month change: \u03b2 = \u22124.6, p = 0.0216; 24-month MCID: OR 2.0, p = 0.0022; 60-month MCID: OR 1.6, p = 0.0302). After stratification, these multivariable results were consistent in patients undergoing arthrodesis but not in those undergoing decompression alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective multicenter study, there were no differences in early disability or quality of life outcomes between MIS and open surgery for low-grade spondylolisthesis. By 24 months, trajectories diverged: MIS yielded greater improvements in ODI score that persisted at the 60-month follow-up, especially with arthrodesis. While open surgery remains essential in many contexts, MIS may offer more meaningful long-term improvement in appropriately selected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2026.4.spine26180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:01:31Z","timestamp":1787702491000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do outcomes diverge over time? A 5-year Spine CORe\u2122 Quality Outcomes Database study comparing patient-reported outcomes after minimally invasive versus open surgery for degenerative grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis"],"prefix":"10.3171","author":[{"given":"Farhan A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, The Och Spine Hospital at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Chabot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, The Och Spine Hospital at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, The Och Spine Hospital at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica F.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Utah NeuroSpine, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Glassman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Po","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System and Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Knightly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists, Morristown, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming G.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Slotkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department on Neurosurgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists, Morristown, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regis W.","family":"Haid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Brain and Spine Care, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, The Och Spine Hospital at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"299","article-title":"Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: definition, natural history, conservative management, and surgical treatment","volume":"30","author":"Bydon M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bydon M, Alvi MA, Goyal A. 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