{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:32:33Z","timestamp":1790695953585,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult brainstem gliomas are rare entities that demonstrate heterogeneous biology and appear to be distinct from both their pediatric counterparts and adult supratentorial gliomas. Although the role of histone 3 mutations is being increasingly understood in this disease, the effect of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations remains unclear, largely because of limited data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors present the case of a 29-year-old male with an IDH1-mutant, World Health Organization grade III anaplastic astrocytoma in the dorsal medulla, and they provide a review of the available literature on adult IDH-mutant brainstem glioma. The authors have amassed a cohort of 15 such patients, 7 of whom have survival data available. Median survival is 56 months in this small cohort, which is similar to that for IDH wild-type adult brainstem gliomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors\u2019 work reenforces previous literature suggesting that the role of IDH mutation in glioma differs between brainstem and supratentorial lesions. Therefore, the authors advocate that adult brainstem gliomas be studied in terms of major molecular subgroups (including IDH mutant) because these gliomas may exhibit fundamental differences from each other, from pediatric brainstem gliomas, and from adult supratentorial gliomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T12:08:47Z","timestamp":1695816527000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Adult isocitrate dehydrogenase\u2013mutant brainstem glioma: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Vincent C.","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Purzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristotelis","family":"Kalyvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilesh","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"O\u2019Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gelareh","family":"Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Oncologist","first-page":"388","article-title":"Adult brainstem gliomas","volume":"17","author":"Reyes-Botero\n \nG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reyes-Botero\n \nG\n\n, \n\nMokhtari\n \nK\n\n, \n\nMartin-Duverneuil\n \nN\n\n, \n\n\n \nAdult brainstem gliomas\n. \nOncologist\n. \n2012\n;\n17\n(\n3\n):\n388\n\u2013\n397\n."},{"issue":"8","key":"b2","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1190","article-title":"High-grade gliomas in adolescents and young adults highlight histomolecular differences from their adult and pediatric counterparts","volume":"22","author":"Roux\n \nA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roux\n \nA\n\n, \n\nPallud\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nSaffroy\n \nR\n\n, \n\n\n \nHigh-grade gliomas in adolescents and young adults highlight histomolecular differences from their adult and pediatric counterparts\n. \nNeuro Oncol\n. \n2020\n;\n22\n(\n8\n):\n1190\n\u2013\n1202\n."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"92","article-title":"Adult brainstem gliomas: correlation of clinical and molecular features","volume":"353","author":"Theeler\n \nBJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Theeler\n \nBJ\n\n, \n\nEllezam\n \nB\n\n, \n\nMelguizo-Gavilanes\n \nI\n\n, \n\n\n \nAdult brainstem gliomas: correlation of clinical and molecular features\n. \nJ Neurol Sci\n. \n2015\n;\n353\n(\n1-2\n):\n92\n\u2013\n97\n."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"180","article-title":"Brainstem glioma in adults","volume":"6","author":"Hu\n \nJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nWestern\n \nS\n\n, \n\nKesari\n \nS\n\n\n. \nBrainstem glioma in adults\n. \nFront Oncol\n. \n2016\n;\n6\n:\n180\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"439","article-title":"K27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas","volume":"124","author":"Khuong-Quang\n \nDA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khuong-Quang\n \nDA\n\n, \n\nBuczkowicz\n \nP\n\n, \n\nRakopoulos\n \nP\n\n, \n\n\n \nK27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas\n. \nActa Neuropathol\n. \n2012\n;\n124\n(\n3\n):\n439\n\u2013\n447\n."},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"302","article-title":"Adult brainstem gliomas with H3K27M mutation: radiology, pathology, and prognosis","volume":"77","author":"Daoud\n \nEV","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daoud\n \nEV\n\n, \n\nRajaram\n \nV\n\n, \n\nCai\n \nC\n\n, \n\n\n \nAdult brainstem gliomas with H3K27M mutation: radiology, pathology, and prognosis\n. \nJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol\n. \n2018\n;\n77\n(\n4\n):\n302\n\u2013\n311\n."},{"issue":"11","key":"b7","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"1626","article-title":"The H3.3 K27M mutation results in a poorer prognosis in brainstem gliomas than thalamic gliomas in adults","volume":"46","author":"Feng\n \nJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nHao\n \nS\n\n, \n\nPan\n \nC\n\n, \n\n\n \nThe H3.3 K27M mutation results in a poorer prognosis in brainstem gliomas than thalamic gliomas in adults\n. \nHum Pathol\n. \n2015\n;\n46\n(\n11\n):\n1626\n\u2013\n1632\n."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"89","article-title":"H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in different anatomical locations","volume":"78","author":"Wang\n \nL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang\n \nL\n\n, \n\nLi\n \nZ\n\n, \n\nZhang\n \nM\n\n, \n\n\n \nH3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in different anatomical locations\n. \nHum Pathol\n. \n2018\n;\n78\n:\n89\n\u2013\n96\n."},{"issue":"47","key":"b9","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"82571","article-title":"Genetic and immune features of resectable malignant brainstem gliomas","volume":"8","author":"Zhang\n \nY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang\n \nY\n\n, \n\nPan\n \nC\n\n, \n\nWang\n \nJ\n\n, \n\n\n \nGenetic and immune features of resectable malignant brainstem gliomas\n. \nOncotarget\n. \n2017\n;\n8\n(\n47\n):\n82571\n\u2013\n82582\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","first-page":"e26751","article-title":"Molecular alterations in pediatric brainstem gliomas","volume":"65","author":"Porkholm\n \nM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Porkholm\n \nM\n\n, \n\nRaunio\n \nA\n\n, \n\nVainionp\u00e4\u00e4\n \nR\n\n, \n\n\n \nMolecular alterations in pediatric brainstem gliomas\n. \nPediatr Blood Cancer\n. \n2018\n;\n65\n(\n1\n):\ne26751\n."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"506","article-title":"Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in glioma: from basic discovery to therapeutics development","volume":"9","author":"Huang\n \nJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nYu\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nTu\n \nL\n\n, \n\n\n \nIsocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in glioma: from basic discovery to therapeutics development\n. \nFront Oncol\n. \n2019\n;\n9\n:\n506\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Isocitrate dehydrogenase status and molecular subclasses of glioma and glioblastoma","volume":"37","author":"Agnihotri\n \nS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agnihotri\n \nS\n\n, \n\nAldape\n \nKD\n\n, \n\nZadeh\n \nG\n\n\n. \nIsocitrate dehydrogenase status and molecular subclasses of glioma and glioblastoma\n. \nNeurosurg Focus\n. \n2014\n;\n37\n(\n6\n):\nE13\n."},{"issue":"18","key":"b13","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"5146","article-title":"Long-term survival in primary glioblastoma with versus without isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations","volume":"19","author":"Hartmann\n \nC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hartmann\n \nC\n\n, \n\nHentschel\n \nB\n\n, \n\nSimon\n \nM\n\n, \n\n\n \nLong-term survival in primary glioblastoma with versus without isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations\n. \nClin Cancer Res\n. \n2013\n;\n19\n(\n18\n):\n5146\n\u2013\n5157\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"147","article-title":"Is the anatomical distribution of low-grade gliomas linked to regions of gliogenesis?","volume":"147","author":"Skjulsvik\n \nAJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skjulsvik\n \nAJ\n\n, \n\nB\u00f8\n \nHK\n\n, \n\nJakola\n \nAS\n\n, \n\n\n \nIs the anatomical distribution of low-grade gliomas linked to regions of gliogenesis?\n \nJ Neurooncol\n. \n2020\n;\n147\n(\n1\n):\n147\n\u2013\n157\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"8946","article-title":"Methylation and transcription patterns are distinct in IDH mutant gliomas compared to other IDH mutant cancers","volume":"9","author":"Unruh\n \nD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Unruh\n \nD\n\n, \n\nZewde\n \nM\n\n, \n\nBuss\n \nA\n\n, \n\n\n \nMethylation and transcription patterns are distinct in IDH mutant gliomas compared to other IDH mutant cancers\n. \nSci Rep\n. \n2019\n;\n9\n(\n1\n):\n8946\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"414","article-title":"IDH1 mutation in brain stem glioma: case report and review of literature","volume":"13","author":"Javadi\n \nSA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Javadi\n \nSA\n\n, \n\nHartmann\n \nC\n\n, \n\nWalter\n \nGF\n\n, \n\n\n \nIDH1 mutation in brain stem glioma: case report and review of literature\n. \nAsian J Neurosurg\n. \n2018\n;\n13\n(\n2\n):\n414\n\u2013\n417\n."},{"issue":"23","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"e2086","article-title":"FGFR1 actionable mutations, molecular specificities, and outcome of adult midline gliomas","volume":"90","author":"Picca\n \nA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Picca\n \nA\n\n, \n\nBerzero\n \nG\n\n, \n\nBielle\n \nF\n\n, \n\n\n \n\nFGFR1 actionable mutations, molecular specificities, and outcome of adult midline gliomas\n. \nNeurology\n. \n2018\n;\n90\n(\n23\n):\ne2086\n\u2013\ne2094\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Oncol Lett","first-page":"1895","article-title":"Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation is associated with tumor location and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in astrocytic neoplasms","volume":"7","author":"Qi\n \nS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qi\n \nS\n\n, \n\nYu\n \nL\n\n, \n\nLi\n \nH\n\n, \n\n\n \nIsocitrate dehydrogenase mutation is associated with tumor location and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in astrocytic neoplasms\n. \nOncol Lett\n. \n2014\n;\n7\n(\n6\n):\n1895\n\u2013\n1902\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"405","article-title":"Molecular analysis of diffuse intrinsic brainstem gliomas in adults","volume":"116","author":"Reyes-Botero\n \nG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reyes-Botero\n \nG\n\n, \n\nGiry\n \nM\n\n, \n\nMokhtari\n \nK\n\n, \n\n\n \nMolecular analysis of diffuse intrinsic brainstem gliomas in adults\n. \nJ Neurooncol\n. \n2014\n;\n116\n(\n2\n):\n405\n\u2013\n411\n."},{"issue":"12","key":"b20","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1568","article-title":"IDH mutation testing in gliomas\u2014where do we draw the line?","volume":"19","author":"Nassiri\n \nF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nassiri\n \nF\n\n, \n\nZadeh\n \nG\n\n, \n\nAldape\n \nK\n\n\n. \nIDH mutation testing in gliomas\u2014where do we draw the line?\n \nNeuro Oncol\n. \n2017\n;\n19\n(\n12\n):\n1568\n\u2013\n1569\n."},{"issue":"12","key":"b21","series-title":"Nat Med","first-page":"1378","article-title":"An epigenetic therapy for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas","volume":"20","author":"Ramaswamy\n \nV","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramaswamy\n \nV\n\n, \n\nRemke\n \nM\n\n, \n\nTaylor\n \nMD\n\n\n. \nAn epigenetic therapy for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas\n. \nNat Med\n. \n2014\n;\n20\n(\n12\n):\n1378\n\u2013\n1379\n."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"OncoTargets Ther","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Treatment of adult brainstem glioma with combined antiangiogenic therapy: a case report and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Yu\n \nD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu\n \nD\n\n, \n\nHan\n \nG\n\n, \n\nLiu\n \nH\n\n, \n\n\n \nTreatment of adult brainstem glioma with combined antiangiogenic therapy: a case report and literature review\n. \nOncoTargets Ther\n. \n2019\n;\n12\n:\n1333\n\u2013\n1339\n."},{"issue":"7","key":"b23","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"726","article-title":"Exome sequencing identifies somatic gain-of-function PPM1D mutations in brainstem gliomas","volume":"46","author":"Zhang\n \nL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang\n \nL\n\n, \n\nChen\n \nLH\n\n, \n\nWan\n \nH\n\n, \n\n\n \nExome sequencing identifies somatic gain-of-function PPM1D mutations in brainstem gliomas\n. \nNat Genet\n. \n2014\n;\n46\n(\n7\n):\n726\n\u2013\n730\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b24","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"449","article-title":"Low rate of R132H IDH1 mutation in infratentorial and spinal cord grade II and III diffuse gliomas","volume":"124","author":"Ellezam\n \nB","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ellezam\n \nB\n\n, \n\nTheeler\n \nBJ\n\n, \n\nWalbert\n \nT\n\n, \n\n\n \nLow rate of R132H IDH1 mutation in infratentorial and spinal cord grade II and III diffuse gliomas\n. \nActa Neuropathol\n. \n2012\n;\n124\n(\n3\n):\n449\n\u2013\n451\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"389","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges, management and outcomes of midline low-grade gliomas","volume":"120","author":"Waqar\n \nM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waqar\n \nM\n\n, \n\nHanif\n \nS\n\n, \n\nRathi\n \nN\n\n, \n\n\n \nDiagnostic challenges, management and outcomes of midline low-grade gliomas\n. \nJ Neurooncol\n. \n2014\n;\n120\n(\n2\n):\n389\n\u2013\n398\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b26","series-title":"NMC Case Rep J","first-page":"29","article-title":"Adult diffuse astrocytoma in the medulla oblongata: molecular biological analyses including H3F3A mutation of histone H3.3","volume":"3","author":"Uekawa\n \nK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uekawa\n \nK\n\n, \n\nNakamura\n \nH\n\n, \n\nShinojima\n \nN\n\n, \n\n\n \nAdult diffuse astrocytoma in the medulla oblongata: molecular biological analyses including H3F3A mutation of histone H3.3\n. \nNMC Case Rep J\n. \n2015\n;\n3\n(\n2\n):\n29\n\u2013\n33\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1829","article-title":"Maffucci syndrome complicated by three different central nervous system tumors sharing an IDH1 R132C mutation: case report","volume":"131","author":"Nejo\n \nT","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nejo\n \nT\n\n, \n\nTanaka\n \nS\n\n, \n\nIkemura\n \nM\n\n, \n\n\n \nMaffucci syndrome complicated by three different central nervous system tumors sharing an IDH1 R132C mutation: case report\n. \nJ Neurosurg\n. \n2018\n;\n131\n(\n6\n):\n1829\n\u2013\n1834\n."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun","first-page":"31","article-title":"Characteristics of gliomas in patients with somatic IDH mosaicism","volume":"4","author":"Bonnet\n \nC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonnet\n \nC\n\n, \n\nThomas\n \nL\n\n, \n\nPsimaras\n \nD\n\n, \n\n\n \nCharacteristics of gliomas in patients with somatic IDH mosaicism\n. \nActa Neuropathol Commun\n. \n2016\n;\n4\n:\n31\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Oncologist","first-page":"388","article-title":"Adult brainstem gliomas","volume":"17","author":"Reyes-Botero\n \nG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reyes-Botero\n \nG\n\n, \n\nMokhtari\n \nK\n\n, \n\nMartin-Duverneuil\n \nN\n\n, \n\n\n \nAdult brainstem gliomas\n. \nOncologist\n. \n2012\n;\n17\n(\n3\n):\n388\n\u2013\n397\n."},{"issue":"8","key":"b2","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1190","article-title":"High-grade gliomas in adolescents and young adults highlight histomolecular differences from their adult and pediatric counterparts","volume":"22","author":"Roux\n \nA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roux\n \nA\n\n, \n\nPallud\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nSaffroy\n \nR\n\n, \n\n\n \nHigh-grade gliomas in adolescents and young adults highlight histomolecular differences from their adult and pediatric counterparts\n. \nNeuro Oncol\n. \n2020\n;\n22\n(\n8\n):\n1190\n\u2013\n1202\n."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"92","article-title":"Adult brainstem gliomas: correlation of clinical and molecular features","volume":"353","author":"Theeler\n \nBJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Theeler\n \nBJ\n\n, \n\nEllezam\n \nB\n\n, \n\nMelguizo-Gavilanes\n \nI\n\n, \n\n\n \nAdult brainstem gliomas: correlation of clinical and molecular features\n. \nJ Neurol Sci\n. \n2015\n;\n353\n(\n1-2\n):\n92\n\u2013\n97\n."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"180","article-title":"Brainstem glioma in adults","volume":"6","author":"Hu\n \nJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nWestern\n \nS\n\n, \n\nKesari\n \nS\n\n\n. \nBrainstem glioma in adults\n. \nFront Oncol\n. \n2016\n;\n6\n:\n180\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"439","article-title":"K27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas","volume":"124","author":"Khuong-Quang\n \nDA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khuong-Quang\n \nDA\n\n, \n\nBuczkowicz\n \nP\n\n, \n\nRakopoulos\n \nP\n\n, \n\n\n \nK27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas\n. \nActa Neuropathol\n. \n2012\n;\n124\n(\n3\n):\n439\n\u2013\n447\n."},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"302","article-title":"Adult brainstem gliomas with H3K27M mutation: radiology, pathology, and prognosis","volume":"77","author":"Daoud\n \nEV","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daoud\n \nEV\n\n, \n\nRajaram\n \nV\n\n, \n\nCai\n \nC\n\n, \n\n\n \nAdult brainstem gliomas with H3K27M mutation: radiology, pathology, and prognosis\n. \nJ Neuropathol Exp Neurol\n. \n2018\n;\n77\n(\n4\n):\n302\n\u2013\n311\n."},{"issue":"11","key":"b7","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"1626","article-title":"The H3.3 K27M mutation results in a poorer prognosis in brainstem gliomas than thalamic gliomas in adults","volume":"46","author":"Feng\n \nJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nHao\n \nS\n\n, \n\nPan\n \nC\n\n, \n\n\n \nThe H3.3 K27M mutation results in a poorer prognosis in brainstem gliomas than thalamic gliomas in adults\n. \nHum Pathol\n. \n2015\n;\n46\n(\n11\n):\n1626\n\u2013\n1632\n."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"89","article-title":"H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in different anatomical locations","volume":"78","author":"Wang\n \nL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang\n \nL\n\n, \n\nLi\n \nZ\n\n, \n\nZhang\n \nM\n\n, \n\n\n \nH3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas in different anatomical locations\n. \nHum Pathol\n. \n2018\n;\n78\n:\n89\n\u2013\n96\n."},{"issue":"47","key":"b9","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"82571","article-title":"Genetic and immune features of resectable malignant brainstem gliomas","volume":"8","author":"Zhang\n \nY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang\n \nY\n\n, \n\nPan\n \nC\n\n, \n\nWang\n \nJ\n\n, \n\n\n \nGenetic and immune features of resectable malignant brainstem gliomas\n. \nOncotarget\n. \n2017\n;\n8\n(\n47\n):\n82571\n\u2013\n82582\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer","first-page":"e26751","article-title":"Molecular alterations in pediatric brainstem gliomas","volume":"65","author":"Porkholm\n \nM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Porkholm\n \nM\n\n, \n\nRaunio\n \nA\n\n, \n\nVainionp\u00e4\u00e4\n \nR\n\n, \n\n\n \nMolecular alterations in pediatric brainstem gliomas\n. \nPediatr Blood Cancer\n. \n2018\n;\n65\n(\n1\n):\ne26751\n."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"506","article-title":"Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in glioma: from basic discovery to therapeutics development","volume":"9","author":"Huang\n \nJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nYu\n \nJ\n\n, \n\nTu\n \nL\n\n, \n\n\n \nIsocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in glioma: from basic discovery to therapeutics development\n. \nFront Oncol\n. \n2019\n;\n9\n:\n506\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Isocitrate dehydrogenase status and molecular subclasses of glioma and glioblastoma","volume":"37","author":"Agnihotri\n \nS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agnihotri\n \nS\n\n, \n\nAldape\n \nKD\n\n, \n\nZadeh\n \nG\n\n\n. \nIsocitrate dehydrogenase status and molecular subclasses of glioma and glioblastoma\n. \nNeurosurg Focus\n. \n2014\n;\n37\n(\n6\n):\nE13\n."},{"issue":"18","key":"b13","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"5146","article-title":"Long-term survival in primary glioblastoma with versus without isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations","volume":"19","author":"Hartmann\n \nC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hartmann\n \nC\n\n, \n\nHentschel\n \nB\n\n, \n\nSimon\n \nM\n\n, \n\n\n \nLong-term survival in primary glioblastoma with versus without isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations\n. \nClin Cancer Res\n. \n2013\n;\n19\n(\n18\n):\n5146\n\u2013\n5157\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"147","article-title":"Is the anatomical distribution of low-grade gliomas linked to regions of gliogenesis?","volume":"147","author":"Skjulsvik\n \nAJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skjulsvik\n \nAJ\n\n, \n\nB\u00f8\n \nHK\n\n, \n\nJakola\n \nAS\n\n, \n\n\n \nIs the anatomical distribution of low-grade gliomas linked to regions of gliogenesis?\n \nJ Neurooncol\n. \n2020\n;\n147\n(\n1\n):\n147\n\u2013\n157\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"8946","article-title":"Methylation and transcription patterns are distinct in IDH mutant gliomas compared to other IDH mutant cancers","volume":"9","author":"Unruh\n \nD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Unruh\n \nD\n\n, \n\nZewde\n \nM\n\n, \n\nBuss\n \nA\n\n, \n\n\n \nMethylation and transcription patterns are distinct in IDH mutant gliomas compared to other IDH mutant cancers\n. \nSci Rep\n. \n2019\n;\n9\n(\n1\n):\n8946\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"414","article-title":"IDH1 mutation in brain stem glioma: case report and review of literature","volume":"13","author":"Javadi\n \nSA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Javadi\n \nSA\n\n, \n\nHartmann\n \nC\n\n, \n\nWalter\n \nGF\n\n, \n\n\n \nIDH1 mutation in brain stem glioma: case report and review of literature\n. \nAsian J Neurosurg\n. \n2018\n;\n13\n(\n2\n):\n414\n\u2013\n417\n."},{"issue":"23","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"e2086","article-title":"FGFR1 actionable mutations, molecular specificities, and outcome of adult midline gliomas","volume":"90","author":"Picca\n \nA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Picca\n \nA\n\n, \n\nBerzero\n \nG\n\n, \n\nBielle\n \nF\n\n, \n\n\n \n\nFGFR1 actionable mutations, molecular specificities, and outcome of adult midline gliomas\n. \nNeurology\n. \n2018\n;\n90\n(\n23\n):\ne2086\n\u2013\ne2094\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Oncol Lett","first-page":"1895","article-title":"Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation is associated with tumor location and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in astrocytic neoplasms","volume":"7","author":"Qi\n \nS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qi\n \nS\n\n, \n\nYu\n \nL\n\n, \n\nLi\n \nH\n\n, \n\n\n \nIsocitrate dehydrogenase mutation is associated with tumor location and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in astrocytic neoplasms\n. \nOncol Lett\n. \n2014\n;\n7\n(\n6\n):\n1895\n\u2013\n1902\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"405","article-title":"Molecular analysis of diffuse intrinsic brainstem gliomas in adults","volume":"116","author":"Reyes-Botero\n \nG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reyes-Botero\n \nG\n\n, \n\nGiry\n \nM\n\n, \n\nMokhtari\n \nK\n\n, \n\n\n \nMolecular analysis of diffuse intrinsic brainstem gliomas in adults\n. \nJ Neurooncol\n. \n2014\n;\n116\n(\n2\n):\n405\n\u2013\n411\n."},{"issue":"12","key":"b20","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"1568","article-title":"IDH mutation testing in gliomas\u2014where do we draw the line?","volume":"19","author":"Nassiri\n \nF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nassiri\n \nF\n\n, \n\nZadeh\n \nG\n\n, \n\nAldape\n \nK\n\n\n. \nIDH mutation testing in gliomas\u2014where do we draw the line?\n \nNeuro Oncol\n. \n2017\n;\n19\n(\n12\n):\n1568\n\u2013\n1569\n."},{"issue":"12","key":"b21","series-title":"Nat Med","first-page":"1378","article-title":"An epigenetic therapy for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas","volume":"20","author":"Ramaswamy\n \nV","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramaswamy\n \nV\n\n, \n\nRemke\n \nM\n\n, \n\nTaylor\n \nMD\n\n\n. \nAn epigenetic therapy for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas\n. \nNat Med\n. \n2014\n;\n20\n(\n12\n):\n1378\n\u2013\n1379\n."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"OncoTargets Ther","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Treatment of adult brainstem glioma with combined antiangiogenic therapy: a case report and literature review","volume":"12","author":"Yu\n \nD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu\n \nD\n\n, \n\nHan\n \nG\n\n, \n\nLiu\n \nH\n\n, \n\n\n \nTreatment of adult brainstem glioma with combined antiangiogenic therapy: a case report and literature review\n. \nOncoTargets Ther\n. \n2019\n;\n12\n:\n1333\n\u2013\n1339\n."},{"issue":"7","key":"b23","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"726","article-title":"Exome sequencing identifies somatic gain-of-function PPM1D mutations in brainstem gliomas","volume":"46","author":"Zhang\n \nL","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang\n \nL\n\n, \n\nChen\n \nLH\n\n, \n\nWan\n \nH\n\n, \n\n\n \nExome sequencing identifies somatic gain-of-function PPM1D mutations in brainstem gliomas\n. \nNat Genet\n. \n2014\n;\n46\n(\n7\n):\n726\n\u2013\n730\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"b24","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"449","article-title":"Low rate of R132H IDH1 mutation in infratentorial and spinal cord grade II and III diffuse gliomas","volume":"124","author":"Ellezam\n \nB","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ellezam\n \nB\n\n, \n\nTheeler\n \nBJ\n\n, \n\nWalbert\n \nT\n\n, \n\n\n \nLow rate of R132H IDH1 mutation in infratentorial and spinal cord grade II and III diffuse gliomas\n. \nActa Neuropathol\n. \n2012\n;\n124\n(\n3\n):\n449\n\u2013\n451\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"389","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges, management and outcomes of midline low-grade gliomas","volume":"120","author":"Waqar\n \nM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waqar\n \nM\n\n, \n\nHanif\n \nS\n\n, \n\nRathi\n \nN\n\n, \n\n\n \nDiagnostic challenges, management and outcomes of midline low-grade gliomas\n. \nJ Neurooncol\n. \n2014\n;\n120\n(\n2\n):\n389\n\u2013\n398\n."},{"issue":"2","key":"b26","series-title":"NMC Case Rep J","first-page":"29","article-title":"Adult diffuse astrocytoma in the medulla oblongata: molecular biological analyses including H3F3A mutation of histone H3.3","volume":"3","author":"Uekawa\n \nK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uekawa\n \nK\n\n, \n\nNakamura\n \nH\n\n, \n\nShinojima\n \nN\n\n, \n\n\n \nAdult diffuse astrocytoma in the medulla oblongata: molecular biological analyses including H3F3A mutation of histone H3.3\n. \nNMC Case Rep J\n. \n2015\n;\n3\n(\n2\n):\n29\n\u2013\n33\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1829","article-title":"Maffucci syndrome complicated by three different central nervous system tumors sharing an IDH1 R132C mutation: case report","volume":"131","author":"Nejo\n \nT","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nejo\n \nT\n\n, \n\nTanaka\n \nS\n\n, \n\nIkemura\n \nM\n\n, \n\n\n \nMaffucci syndrome complicated by three different central nervous system tumors sharing an IDH1 R132C mutation: case report\n. \nJ Neurosurg\n. \n2018\n;\n131\n(\n6\n):\n1829\n\u2013\n1834\n."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun","first-page":"31","article-title":"Characteristics of gliomas in patients with somatic IDH mosaicism","volume":"4","author":"Bonnet\n \nC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonnet\n \nC\n\n, \n\nThomas\n \nL\n\n, \n\nPsimaras\n \nD\n\n, \n\n\n \nCharacteristics of gliomas in patients with somatic IDH mosaicism\n. \nActa Neuropathol Commun\n. \n2016\n;\n4\n:\n31\n."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/1\/12\/article-CASE2078.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/1\/12\/article-CASE2078.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/1\/12\/article-CASE2078.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:58:45Z","timestamp":1770303525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/1\/12\/article-CASE2078.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case2078","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]}}}