{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:39:50Z","timestamp":1770356390080,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>White cord syndrome is an extremely rare complication of cervical decompressive surgery, characterized by serious postoperative neurological deficits in the absence of apparent surgical complications. It is named after the characteristic ischemic-edematous intramedullary T2-hyperintense signal on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and is believed to be caused by ischemic-reperfusion injury. Neurological deficits typically manifest immediately after surgery, and delayed occurrence has been reported only once.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors presented two cases of delayed white cord syndrome after anterior and posterior cervical decompression surgery for symptomatic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum, respectively. Neurological deficits manifested on postoperative day 2 (case 1) and day 8 (case 2). The patients\u2019 conditions were managed with high-dose corticosteroids, mean arterial pressure augmentation, and early physical therapy, after which they showed partial neurological recovery at discharge, which improved further by the 3-month follow-up visit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors\u2019 aim was to raise awareness among spine surgeons about this rare but severe complication of cervical decompressive surgery and to emphasize the mainstays of treatment based on current best evidence: high-dose corticosteroids, mean arterial pressure augmentation, and early physical therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T15:50:42Z","timestamp":1621266642000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Delayed-onset white cord syndrome after anterior and posterior cervical decompression surgery for symptomatic ossification of spinal ligaments: illustrative cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Ranjit D.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Arts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godard C. W.","family":"de Ruiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2017.09.018","article-title":"Ossification of the ligaments in the cervical spine, including ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and ossification of the ligamentum flavum","volume":"29","author":"Ohara Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohara Y. Ossification of the ligaments in the cervical spine, including ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and ossification of the ligamentum flavum. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2018;29(1):63\u201368.10.1016\/j.nec.2017.09.01821980746"},{"issue":"21","key":"b2","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001643","article-title":"Prevalence, concomitance, and distribution of ossification of the spinal ligaments: results of whole spine CT scans in 1500 Japanese patients","volume":"41","author":"Fujimori T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fujimori T, Watabe T, Iwamoto Y,  Prevalence, concomitance, and distribution of ossification of the spinal ligaments: results of whole spine CT scans in 1500 Japanese patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016;41(21):1668\u20131676.10.1097\/BRS.000000000000164323533882"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"JBR-BTR","first-page":"219","article-title":"Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine","volume":"94","author":"Dewachter L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dewachter L, Violon D, Crevits I. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine. JBR-BTR. 2011;94(4):219.31576271"},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E328","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182417276","article-title":"Neurological complications of cervical spine surgery: C5 palsy and intraoperative monitoring","volume":"37","author":"Currier BL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Currier BL. Neurological complications of cervical spine surgery: C5 palsy and intraoperative monitoring. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(5):E328\u2013E334.10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318241727630687574"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Case Rep Orthop","first-page":"697918","article-title":"\u201cWhite cord syndrome\u201d of acute tetraplegia after anterior cervical decompression and fusion for chronic spinal cord compression: a case report","volume":"2013","author":"Chin KR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chin KR, Seale J, Cumming V. \u201cWhite cord syndrome\u201d of acute tetraplegia after anterior cervical decompression and fusion for chronic spinal cord compression: a case report. Case Rep Orthop. 2013;2013:697918."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inat.2016.12.001","article-title":"White cord syndrome after non-contiguous double-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF): a \u201cno reflow phenomenon\u201d?","volume":"7","author":"Giammalva GR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giammalva GR, Maugeri R, Graziano F,  White cord syndrome after non-contiguous double-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF): a \u201cno reflow phenomenon\u201d? Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2017;7:47\u201349.10.1016\/j.inat.2016.12.00122258943"},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_96_18","article-title":"White cord syndrome: a devastating complication of spinal decompression surgery","volume":"9","author":"Vinodh VP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vinodh VP, Rajapathy SK, Sellamuthu P, Kandasamy R. White cord syndrome: a devastating complication of spinal decompression surgery. Surg Neurol Int. 2018;9(1):136.10.4103\/sni.sni_96_1810879751"},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-019-0174-z","article-title":"Late-onset \u201cwhite cord syndrome\u201d in an elderly patient after posterior cervical decompression and fusion: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Papaioannou I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papaioannou I, Repantis T, Baikousis A, Korovessis P. Late-onset \u201cwhite cord syndrome\u201d in an elderly patient after posterior cervical decompression and fusion: a case report. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2019;5(1):28.10.1038\/s41394-019-0174-z21980746"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.026","article-title":"\u201cWhite cord syndrome\u201d of acute hemiparesis after posterior cervical decompression and fusion for chronic cervical stenosis","volume":"113","author":"Antwi P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antwi P, Grant R, Kuzmik G, Abbed K. \u201cWhite cord syndrome\u201d of acute hemiparesis after posterior cervical decompression and fusion for chronic cervical stenosis. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:33\u201336.10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.02623533882"},{"issue":"7","key":"b10","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e5279","article-title":"Spinal cord reperfusion injury: case report, review of the literature, and future treatment strategies","volume":"11","author":"Wiginton JG IV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wiginton JG IV, Brazdzionis J, Mohrdar C,  Spinal cord reperfusion injury: case report, review of the literature, and future treatment strategies. Cureus. 2019;11(7):e5279.31576271"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.062","article-title":"Reperfusion \u201cwhite cord\u201d syndrome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: does mean arterial pressure goal make a difference? Additional case and literature review","volume":"137","author":"Mathkour M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathkour M, Werner C, Riffle J,  Reperfusion \u201cwhite cord\u201d syndrome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: does mean arterial pressure goal make a difference? Additional case and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2020;137:194\u2013199.10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.06230687574"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3162-3","article-title":"A case report: white cord syndrome following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Jun DS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jun DS, Baik JM, Lee SK. A case report: white cord syndrome following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):157.10.1186\/s12891-020-3162-3"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"263","article-title":"Ossification of the cervical ligamentum flavum and case report with myelopathy","volume":"9","author":"Rahimizadeh A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rahimizadeh A, Asgari N, Soufiani H, Rahimizadeh S. Ossification of the cervical ligamentum flavum and case report with myelopathy. Surg Neurol Int. 2018;9:263.22258943"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Korean J Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.14245\/kjs.2012.9.1.24","article-title":"Ossified ligamentum flavum causing cervical myelopathy","volume":"9","author":"Song JY","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song JY, Park JH, Roh SW. Ossified ligamentum flavum causing cervical myelopathy. Korean J Spine. 2012;9(1):24\u201327.10.14245\/kjs.2012.9.1.2410879751"},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_364_17","article-title":"Isolated ligamentum flavum ossification in primary hypoparathyroidism","volume":"9","author":"Sohail AH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sohail AH, Maan MAA, Khan MS, Masood Q. Isolated ligamentum flavum ossification in primary hypoparathyroidism. Surg Neurol Int. 2018;9(1):4.10.4103\/sni.sni_364_17"},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab","first-page":"54","article-title":"Ossification of the cervical ligamentum flavum and osseous brown tumor: late manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism misdiagnosed in a case of parathyroid carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Sampanis N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sampanis N, Gavriilaki E, Paschou E,  Ossification of the cervical ligamentum flavum and osseous brown tumor: late manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism misdiagnosed in a case of parathyroid carcinoma. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2016;13(1):54\u201356."},{"issue":"8","key":"b17","series-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3576","article-title":"Oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage: mechanisms of cell death and potential molecular targets for neuroprotection","volume":"14","author":"Chen H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen H, Yoshioka H, Kim GS,  Oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage: mechanisms of cell death and potential molecular targets for neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;14(8):1505\u20131517.10.1089\/ars.2010.3576"},{"issue":"2","key":"b18","series-title":"Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6533","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier permeability to ebiratide and TNF in acute spinal cord injury","volume":"146","author":"Pan W","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pan W, Banks WA, Kastin AJ. Blood-brain barrier permeability to ebiratide and TNF in acute spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 1997;146(2):367\u2013373.10.1006\/exnr.1997.6533"},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00711581","article-title":"Neuroprotective actions of glucocorticoid and nonglucocorticoid steroids in acute neuronal injury","volume":"13","author":"Hall ED","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hall ED. Neuroprotective actions of glucocorticoid and nonglucocorticoid steroids in acute neuronal injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1993;13(4):415\u2013432.10.1007\/BF00711581"},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01244980","article-title":"Effect of ageing on tissue levels of amino acids involved in the nitric oxide pathway in rat brain","volume":"94","author":"Strolin Benedetti M","year":"1993","unstructured":"Strolin Benedetti M, Dostert P, Marrari P, Cini M. Effect of ageing on tissue levels of amino acids involved in the nitric oxide pathway in rat brain. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1993;94(1):21\u201330.10.1007\/BF01244980"},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD001046","article-title":"Steroids for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"1","author":"Bracken MB","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bracken MB. Steroids for acute spinal cord injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;1(1):CD001046."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury: an inappropriate standard of care","volume":"93","author":"Hurlbert RJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hurlbert RJ. Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury: an inappropriate standard of care. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(suppl 1):1\u20137."},{"issue":"5","key":"b23","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.8.FOCUS17428","article-title":"The impact of blood pressure management after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Saadeh YS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saadeh YS, Smith BW, Joseph JR,  The impact of blood pressure management after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;43(5):e20.10.3171\/2017.8.FOCUS17428"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"BMC Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-98","article-title":"Hydroxysafflor Yellow A protects spinal cords from ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rabbits","volume":"11","author":"Shan LQ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shan LQ, Ma S, Qiu XC,  Hydroxysafflor Yellow A protects spinal cords from ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rabbits. BMC Neurosci. 2010;11(1):98.10.1186\/1471-2202-11-98"},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2017.09.018","article-title":"Ossification of the ligaments in the cervical spine, including ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and ossification of the ligamentum flavum","volume":"29","author":"Ohara Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohara Y. Ossification of the ligaments in the cervical spine, including ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and ossification of the ligamentum flavum. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2018;29(1):63\u201368.10.1016\/j.nec.2017.09.018"},{"issue":"21","key":"b2","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001643","article-title":"Prevalence, concomitance, and distribution of ossification of the spinal ligaments: results of whole spine CT scans in 1500 Japanese patients","volume":"41","author":"Fujimori T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fujimori T, Watabe T, Iwamoto Y,  Prevalence, concomitance, and distribution of ossification of the spinal ligaments: results of whole spine CT scans in 1500 Japanese patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016;41(21):1668\u20131676.10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001643"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"JBR-BTR","first-page":"219","article-title":"Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine","volume":"94","author":"Dewachter L","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dewachter L, Violon D, Crevits I. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine. JBR-BTR. 2011;94(4):219."},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E328","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182417276","article-title":"Neurological complications of cervical spine surgery: C5 palsy and intraoperative monitoring","volume":"37","author":"Currier BL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Currier BL. Neurological complications of cervical spine surgery: C5 palsy and intraoperative monitoring. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(5):E328\u2013E334.10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182417276"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Case Rep Orthop","first-page":"697918","article-title":"\u201cWhite cord syndrome\u201d of acute tetraplegia after anterior cervical decompression and fusion for chronic spinal cord compression: a case report","volume":"2013","author":"Chin KR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chin KR, Seale J, Cumming V. \u201cWhite cord syndrome\u201d of acute tetraplegia after anterior cervical decompression and fusion for chronic spinal cord compression: a case report. Case Rep Orthop. 2013;2013:697918."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inat.2016.12.001","article-title":"White cord syndrome after non-contiguous double-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF): a \u201cno reflow phenomenon\u201d?","volume":"7","author":"Giammalva GR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giammalva GR, Maugeri R, Graziano F,  White cord syndrome after non-contiguous double-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF): a \u201cno reflow phenomenon\u201d? Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2017;7:47\u201349.10.1016\/j.inat.2016.12.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_96_18","article-title":"White cord syndrome: a devastating complication of spinal decompression surgery","volume":"9","author":"Vinodh VP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vinodh VP, Rajapathy SK, Sellamuthu P, Kandasamy R. White cord syndrome: a devastating complication of spinal decompression surgery. Surg Neurol Int. 2018;9(1):136.10.4103\/sni.sni_96_18"},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41394-019-0174-z","article-title":"Late-onset \u201cwhite cord syndrome\u201d in an elderly patient after posterior cervical decompression and fusion: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Papaioannou I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papaioannou I, Repantis T, Baikousis A, Korovessis P. Late-onset \u201cwhite cord syndrome\u201d in an elderly patient after posterior cervical decompression and fusion: a case report. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2019;5(1):28.10.1038\/s41394-019-0174-z"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.026","article-title":"\u201cWhite cord syndrome\u201d of acute hemiparesis after posterior cervical decompression and fusion for chronic cervical stenosis","volume":"113","author":"Antwi P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antwi P, Grant R, Kuzmik G, Abbed K. \u201cWhite cord syndrome\u201d of acute hemiparesis after posterior cervical decompression and fusion for chronic cervical stenosis. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:33\u201336.10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.026"},{"issue":"7","key":"b10","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e5279","article-title":"Spinal cord reperfusion injury: case report, review of the literature, and future treatment strategies","volume":"11","author":"Wiginton JG IV","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wiginton JG IV, Brazdzionis J, Mohrdar C,  Spinal cord reperfusion injury: case report, review of the literature, and future treatment strategies. Cureus. 2019;11(7):e5279."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.062","article-title":"Reperfusion \u201cwhite cord\u201d syndrome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: does mean arterial pressure goal make a difference? Additional case and literature review","volume":"137","author":"Mathkour M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathkour M, Werner C, Riffle J,  Reperfusion \u201cwhite cord\u201d syndrome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: does mean arterial pressure goal make a difference? Additional case and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2020;137:194\u2013199.10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.062"},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3162-3","article-title":"A case report: white cord syndrome following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Jun DS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jun DS, Baik JM, Lee SK. A case report: white cord syndrome following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):157.10.1186\/s12891-020-3162-3"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"263","article-title":"Ossification of the cervical ligamentum flavum and case report with myelopathy","volume":"9","author":"Rahimizadeh A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rahimizadeh A, Asgari N, Soufiani H, Rahimizadeh S. Ossification of the cervical ligamentum flavum and case report with myelopathy. Surg Neurol Int. 2018;9:263."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Korean J Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.14245\/kjs.2012.9.1.24","article-title":"Ossified ligamentum flavum causing cervical myelopathy","volume":"9","author":"Song JY","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song JY, Park JH, Roh SW. Ossified ligamentum flavum causing cervical myelopathy. Korean J Spine. 2012;9(1):24\u201327.10.14245\/kjs.2012.9.1.24"},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_364_17","article-title":"Isolated ligamentum flavum ossification in primary hypoparathyroidism","volume":"9","author":"Sohail AH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sohail AH, Maan MAA, Khan MS, Masood Q. Isolated ligamentum flavum ossification in primary hypoparathyroidism. Surg Neurol Int. 2018;9(1):4.10.4103\/sni.sni_364_17"},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab","first-page":"54","article-title":"Ossification of the cervical ligamentum flavum and osseous brown tumor: late manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism misdiagnosed in a case of parathyroid carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Sampanis N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sampanis N, Gavriilaki E, Paschou E,  Ossification of the cervical ligamentum flavum and osseous brown tumor: late manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism misdiagnosed in a case of parathyroid carcinoma. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2016;13(1):54\u201356."},{"issue":"8","key":"b17","series-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3576","article-title":"Oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage: mechanisms of cell death and potential molecular targets for neuroprotection","volume":"14","author":"Chen H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen H, Yoshioka H, Kim GS,  Oxidative stress in ischemic brain damage: mechanisms of cell death and potential molecular targets for neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;14(8):1505\u20131517.10.1089\/ars.2010.3576"},{"issue":"2","key":"b18","series-title":"Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6533","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier permeability to ebiratide and TNF in acute spinal cord injury","volume":"146","author":"Pan W","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pan W, Banks WA, Kastin AJ. Blood-brain barrier permeability to ebiratide and TNF in acute spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 1997;146(2):367\u2013373.10.1006\/exnr.1997.6533"},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00711581","article-title":"Neuroprotective actions of glucocorticoid and nonglucocorticoid steroids in acute neuronal injury","volume":"13","author":"Hall ED","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hall ED. Neuroprotective actions of glucocorticoid and nonglucocorticoid steroids in acute neuronal injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1993;13(4):415\u2013432.10.1007\/BF00711581"},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01244980","article-title":"Effect of ageing on tissue levels of amino acids involved in the nitric oxide pathway in rat brain","volume":"94","author":"Strolin Benedetti M","year":"1993","unstructured":"Strolin Benedetti M, Dostert P, Marrari P, Cini M. Effect of ageing on tissue levels of amino acids involved in the nitric oxide pathway in rat brain. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1993;94(1):21\u201330.10.1007\/BF01244980"},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD001046","article-title":"Steroids for acute spinal cord injury","volume":"1","author":"Bracken MB","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bracken MB. Steroids for acute spinal cord injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;1(1):CD001046."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury: an inappropriate standard of care","volume":"93","author":"Hurlbert RJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hurlbert RJ. Methylprednisolone for acute spinal cord injury: an inappropriate standard of care. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(suppl 1):1\u20137."},{"issue":"5","key":"b23","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.8.FOCUS17428","article-title":"The impact of blood pressure management after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Saadeh YS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saadeh YS, Smith BW, Joseph JR,  The impact of blood pressure management after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of the literature. Neurosurg Focus. 2017;43(5):e20.10.3171\/2017.8.FOCUS17428"},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"BMC Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-98","article-title":"Hydroxysafflor Yellow A protects spinal cords from ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rabbits","volume":"11","author":"Shan LQ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shan LQ, Ma S, Qiu XC,  Hydroxysafflor Yellow A protects spinal cords from ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rabbits. BMC Neurosci. 2010;11(1):98.10.1186\/1471-2202-11-98"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/1\/19\/article-CASE2113.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/1\/19\/article-CASE2113.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/1\/19\/article-CASE2113.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:58:42Z","timestamp":1770303522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/1\/19\/article-CASE2113.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case2113","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]}}}