{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T04:12:21Z","timestamp":1772511141095,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with a high likelihood of distant metastasis. Approximately 30 cases of MCC brain metastasis have been reported. The authors report a case of MCC brain metastasis with imaging findings mimicking primary central nervous system lymphoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 69-year-old asymptomatic White female with a past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis and MCC of the right cheek with no known regional or distant spread presented with a right frontal lobe lesion discovered incidentally on a surveillance scan. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a vividly enhancing homogeneous lesion with restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging and corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Imaging characteristics suggested a highly cellular mass consistent with primary central nervous system lymphoma; however, given the likelihood of metastasis, resection was recommended. An intraoperative frozen section suggested lymphoma. However, further examination revealed positive cytokeratin 20 staining for a tumor, and a final diagnosis of MCC brain metastasis was made.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Imaging characteristics of MCC brain metastasis can vary widely. A high level of suspicion should be maintained in a patient with a known history of MCC. Aggressive resection is recommended, regardless of appearance on scans or pathology of frozen sections, because MCC can mimic other intracranial pathologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case21253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T02:07:03Z","timestamp":1646014023000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Merkel cell carcinoma brain metastasis with radiological findings mimicking primary CNS lymphoma: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooper Medical School, Camden, New Jersey; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Turtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1972.01620040075020","article-title":"Trabecular carcinoma of the skin","volume":"105","author":"Toker C","year":"1972","unstructured":"Toker C. Trabecular carcinoma of the skin. Arch Dermatol. 1972;105(1):107\u2013110.10.1001\/archderm.1972.0162004007502029999484"},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-08587-3","article-title":"Patterns of metastasis in Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Song Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song Y, Azari FS, Tang R,  Patterns of metastasis in Merkel cell carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28(1):519\u2013529.10.1245\/s10434-020-08587-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Cancer Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2781","article-title":"Patterns of distant metastases in 215 Merkel cell carcinoma patients: implications for prognosis and surveillance","volume":"9","author":"Lewis CW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lewis CW, Qazi J, Hippe DS,  Patterns of distant metastases in 215 Merkel cell carcinoma patients: implications for prognosis and surveillance. Cancer Med. 2020;9(4):1374\u20131382.10.1002\/cam4.278129999484"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_166_2019","article-title":"Brain metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma \u2013 a rare case report","volume":"10","author":"Caramanti RL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caramanti RL, Chaddad Neto FE, Meguins LC, Rocha CE, de Moraes DF, G\u00f3es MJ. Brain metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma \u2013 a rare case report. Surg Neurol Int. 2019;10:172.10.25259\/SNI_166_2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0304-8","article-title":"Clinical emergence of neurometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a surgical case series and literature review","volume":"102","author":"Bailey TL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bailey TL, Fung MA, Gandour-Edwards R, Ellis WG, Schrot RJ. Clinical emergence of neurometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a surgical case series and literature review. J Neurooncol. 2011;102(1):147\u2013155.10.1007\/s11060-010-0304-8"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.002","article-title":"Predictors of survival in neurometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"101","author":"Harary M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harary M, Kavouridis VK, Thakuria M, Smith TR. Predictors of survival in neurometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2018;101:152\u2013159.10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s101430050010","article-title":"Brain metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Ikawa F","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ikawa F, Kiya K, Uozumi T,  Brain metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 1999;22(1):54\u201357.10.1007\/s101430050010"},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.798857","article-title":"Primary central nervous system malignant lymphoma in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving low-dose methotrexate treatment","volume":"27","author":"Fukushima M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fukushima M, Katayama Y, Yokose N,  Primary central nervous system malignant lymphoma in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving low-dose methotrexate treatment. Br J Neurosurg. 2013;27(6):824\u2013826.10.3109\/02688697.2013.798857"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.155","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient on adalimumab therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis","volume":"139","author":"Farah RA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farah RA, Alduaij A, Ugas C, Navarro R. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient on adalimumab therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis. World Neurosurg. 2020;139:260\u2013263.10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.155"},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Dermatol Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2019.03.001","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma: updates on staging and management","volume":"37","author":"Cornejo C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cornejo C, Miller CJ. Merkel cell carcinoma: updates on staging and management. Dermatol Clin. 2019;37(3):269\u2013277.10.1016\/j.det.2019.03.001"},{"issue":"10","key":"b11","series-title":"Lancet Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30364-3","article-title":"Avelumab in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a multicentre, single-group, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"17","author":"Kaufman HL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaufman HL, Russell J, Hamid O,  Avelumab in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a multicentre, single-group, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(10):1374\u20131385.10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30364-3"},{"issue":"26","key":"b12","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603702","article-title":"PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab in advanced Merkel-cell carcinoma","volume":"374","author":"Nghiem PT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nghiem PT, Bhatia S, Lipson EJ,  PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab in advanced Merkel-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(26):2542\u20132552.10.1056\/NEJMoa1603702"},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.028","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma: current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics","volume":"78","author":"Paulson KG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA,  Merkel cell carcinoma: current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(3):457\u2013463.e2.10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.028"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2018.08.002","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma review","volume":"33","author":"Xue Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xue Y, Thakuria M. Merkel cell carcinoma review. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019;33(1):39\u201352.10.1016\/j.hoc.2018.08.002"},{"issue":"25","key":"b15","series-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int","first-page":"419","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"115","author":"von Baumgarten L","year":"2018","unstructured":"von Baumgarten L, Illerhaus G, Korfel A, Schlegel U, Deckert M, Dreyling M. The diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018;115(25):419\u2013426."},{"issue":"22","key":"b16","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4314","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30965","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"123","author":"Han CH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han CH, Batchelor TT. Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Cancer. 2017;123(22):4314\u20134324.10.1002\/cncr.30965"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep","first-page":"2324709619836695","article-title":"An unusual presentation of Merkel cell carcinoma in a HIV patient: a case report and literature review","volume":"7","author":"Ramachandran P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramachandran P, Erdinc B, Gotlieb V. An unusual presentation of Merkel cell carcinoma in a HIV patient: a case report and literature review. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2019;7:2324709619836695."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Case Rep Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4318638","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4318638","article-title":"Epileptic seizure provoked by bone metastasis of chronic lymphoid leukemia and Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"2020","author":"Folyovich A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Folyovich A, Majoros A, Jarecsny T,  Epileptic seizure provoked by bone metastasis of chronic lymphoid leukemia and Merkel cell carcinoma. Case Rep Med. 2020;2020:4318638.10.1155\/2020\/4318638"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Med Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02690-z","article-title":"Cerebral metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma following resection with negative margins and adjuvant external beam radiation: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Grubb AF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grubb AF, Hankollari E. Cerebral metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma following resection with negative margins and adjuvant external beam radiation: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2021;15:118.10.1186\/s13256-021-02690-z"},{"issue":"9","key":"b20","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.013","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for Merkel cell carcinoma brain metastases","volume":"22","author":"Jacob AT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jacob AT, Alexandru-Abrams D, Abrams EM, Lee JY. Stereotactic radiosurgery for Merkel cell carcinoma brain metastases. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(9):1499\u20131502.10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.013"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672021","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.672021","article-title":"Case report: clinical experience with avelumab in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma and brain metastases treated in Europe","volume":"11","author":"Fife K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fife K, T\u00e9tu P, Prabhakaran J, Lebb\u00e9 C, Grignani G. Case report: clinical experience with avelumab in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma and brain metastases treated in Europe. Front Oncol. 2021;11:672021.10.3389\/fonc.2021.672021"},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2171","article-title":"Central nervous system lymphoma: characteristic findings on traditional and advanced imaging","volume":"32","author":"Haldorsen IS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haldorsen IS, Espeland A, Larsson EM. Central nervous system lymphoma: characteristic findings on traditional and advanced imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32(6):984\u2013992.10.3174\/ajnr.A2171"},{"issue":"3","key":"b23","series-title":"Clin Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-011-0073-6","article-title":"Neuroradiological viewpoint on the diagnostics of space-occupying brain lesions","volume":"21","author":"Faehndrich J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Faehndrich J, Weidauer S, Pilatus U, Oszvald A, Zanella FE, Hattingen E. Neuroradiological viewpoint on the diagnostics of space-occupying brain lesions. Clin Neuroradiol. 2011;21(3):123\u2013139.10.1007\/s00062-011-0073-6"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Med Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-5-35","article-title":"Extensive central nervous system involvement in Merkel cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Abul-Kasim K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abul-Kasim K, S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m K, Hallsten L. Extensive central nervous system involvement in Merkel cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep. 2011;5:35.10.1186\/1752-1947-5-35"},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1972.01620040075020","article-title":"Trabecular carcinoma of the skin","volume":"105","author":"Toker C","year":"1972","unstructured":"Toker C. Trabecular carcinoma of the skin. Arch Dermatol. 1972;105(1):107\u2013110.10.1001\/archderm.1972.01620040075020"},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-08587-3","article-title":"Patterns of metastasis in Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Song Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song Y, Azari FS, Tang R,  Patterns of metastasis in Merkel cell carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28(1):519\u2013529.10.1245\/s10434-020-08587-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Cancer Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2781","article-title":"Patterns of distant metastases in 215 Merkel cell carcinoma patients: implications for prognosis and surveillance","volume":"9","author":"Lewis CW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lewis CW, Qazi J, Hippe DS,  Patterns of distant metastases in 215 Merkel cell carcinoma patients: implications for prognosis and surveillance. Cancer Med. 2020;9(4):1374\u20131382.10.1002\/cam4.2781"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_166_2019","article-title":"Brain metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma \u2013 a rare case report","volume":"10","author":"Caramanti RL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caramanti RL, Chaddad Neto FE, Meguins LC, Rocha CE, de Moraes DF, G\u00f3es MJ. Brain metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma \u2013 a rare case report. Surg Neurol Int. 2019;10:172.10.25259\/SNI_166_2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0304-8","article-title":"Clinical emergence of neurometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a surgical case series and literature review","volume":"102","author":"Bailey TL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bailey TL, Fung MA, Gandour-Edwards R, Ellis WG, Schrot RJ. Clinical emergence of neurometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a surgical case series and literature review. J Neurooncol. 2011;102(1):147\u2013155.10.1007\/s11060-010-0304-8"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.002","article-title":"Predictors of survival in neurometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"101","author":"Harary M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harary M, Kavouridis VK, Thakuria M, Smith TR. Predictors of survival in neurometastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2018;101:152\u2013159.10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.07.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s101430050010","article-title":"Brain metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Ikawa F","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ikawa F, Kiya K, Uozumi T,  Brain metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 1999;22(1):54\u201357.10.1007\/s101430050010"},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.798857","article-title":"Primary central nervous system malignant lymphoma in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving low-dose methotrexate treatment","volume":"27","author":"Fukushima M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fukushima M, Katayama Y, Yokose N,  Primary central nervous system malignant lymphoma in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving low-dose methotrexate treatment. Br J Neurosurg. 2013;27(6):824\u2013826.10.3109\/02688697.2013.798857"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.155","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient on adalimumab therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis","volume":"139","author":"Farah RA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farah RA, Alduaij A, Ugas C, Navarro R. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient on adalimumab therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis. World Neurosurg. 2020;139:260\u2013263.10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.03.155"},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Dermatol Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2019.03.001","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma: updates on staging and management","volume":"37","author":"Cornejo C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cornejo C, Miller CJ. Merkel cell carcinoma: updates on staging and management. Dermatol Clin. 2019;37(3):269\u2013277.10.1016\/j.det.2019.03.001"},{"issue":"10","key":"b11","series-title":"Lancet Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30364-3","article-title":"Avelumab in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a multicentre, single-group, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"17","author":"Kaufman HL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaufman HL, Russell J, Hamid O,  Avelumab in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: a multicentre, single-group, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(10):1374\u20131385.10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30364-3"},{"issue":"26","key":"b12","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603702","article-title":"PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab in advanced Merkel-cell carcinoma","volume":"374","author":"Nghiem PT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nghiem PT, Bhatia S, Lipson EJ,  PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab in advanced Merkel-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(26):2542\u20132552.10.1056\/NEJMoa1603702"},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.028","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma: current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics","volume":"78","author":"Paulson KG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA,  Merkel cell carcinoma: current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(3):457\u2013463.e2.10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.028"},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2018.08.002","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma review","volume":"33","author":"Xue Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xue Y, Thakuria M. Merkel cell carcinoma review. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019;33(1):39\u201352.10.1016\/j.hoc.2018.08.002"},{"issue":"25","key":"b15","series-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int","first-page":"419","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"115","author":"von Baumgarten L","year":"2018","unstructured":"von Baumgarten L, Illerhaus G, Korfel A, Schlegel U, Deckert M, Dreyling M. The diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018;115(25):419\u2013426."},{"issue":"22","key":"b16","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4314","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30965","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"123","author":"Han CH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han CH, Batchelor TT. Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Cancer. 2017;123(22):4314\u20134324.10.1002\/cncr.30965"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep","first-page":"2324709619836695","article-title":"An unusual presentation of Merkel cell carcinoma in a HIV patient: a case report and literature review","volume":"7","author":"Ramachandran P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramachandran P, Erdinc B, Gotlieb V. An unusual presentation of Merkel cell carcinoma in a HIV patient: a case report and literature review. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2019;7:2324709619836695."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Case Rep Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4318638","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4318638","article-title":"Epileptic seizure provoked by bone metastasis of chronic lymphoid leukemia and Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"2020","author":"Folyovich A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Folyovich A, Majoros A, Jarecsny T,  Epileptic seizure provoked by bone metastasis of chronic lymphoid leukemia and Merkel cell carcinoma. Case Rep Med. 2020;2020:4318638.10.1155\/2020\/4318638"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Med Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-021-02690-z","article-title":"Cerebral metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma following resection with negative margins and adjuvant external beam radiation: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Grubb AF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grubb AF, Hankollari E. Cerebral metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma following resection with negative margins and adjuvant external beam radiation: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2021;15:118.10.1186\/s13256-021-02690-z"},{"issue":"9","key":"b20","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.013","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for Merkel cell carcinoma brain metastases","volume":"22","author":"Jacob AT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jacob AT, Alexandru-Abrams D, Abrams EM, Lee JY. Stereotactic radiosurgery for Merkel cell carcinoma brain metastases. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(9):1499\u20131502.10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.013"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672021","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.672021","article-title":"Case report: clinical experience with avelumab in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma and brain metastases treated in Europe","volume":"11","author":"Fife K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fife K, T\u00e9tu P, Prabhakaran J, Lebb\u00e9 C, Grignani G. Case report: clinical experience with avelumab in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma and brain metastases treated in Europe. Front Oncol. 2021;11:672021.10.3389\/fonc.2021.672021"},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2171","article-title":"Central nervous system lymphoma: characteristic findings on traditional and advanced imaging","volume":"32","author":"Haldorsen IS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haldorsen IS, Espeland A, Larsson EM. Central nervous system lymphoma: characteristic findings on traditional and advanced imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32(6):984\u2013992.10.3174\/ajnr.A2171"},{"issue":"3","key":"b23","series-title":"Clin Neuroradiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-011-0073-6","article-title":"Neuroradiological viewpoint on the diagnostics of space-occupying brain lesions","volume":"21","author":"Faehndrich J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Faehndrich J, Weidauer S, Pilatus U, Oszvald A, Zanella FE, Hattingen E. Neuroradiological viewpoint on the diagnostics of space-occupying brain lesions. Clin Neuroradiol. 2011;21(3):123\u2013139.10.1007\/s00062-011-0073-6"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"J Med Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-5-35","article-title":"Extensive central nervous system involvement in Merkel cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Abul-Kasim K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abul-Kasim K, S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m K, Hallsten L. Extensive central nervous system involvement in Merkel cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep. 2011;5:35.10.1186\/1752-1947-5-35"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/3\/9\/article-CASE21253.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/3\/9\/article-CASE21253.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/3\/9\/article-CASE21253.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:42:08Z","timestamp":1770302528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/3\/9\/article-CASE21253.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case21253","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]}}}