{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:16:30Z","timestamp":1789186590412,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pituitary abscess is a rare clinical entity, typically precipitated by\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      , or\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection. Although\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      species\u2013associated central nervous system abscesses have been documented in immunocompromised patients, no case of\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      pituitary abscesses has been previously reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 44-year-old man presented with hemoptysis and was found to have a cavitary right lung nodule, which was presumed histoplasmosis, prompting antifungal treatment. Several months later, he developed panhypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a pituitary mass, which subsequently underwent transsphenoidal endoscopic biopsy. Infectious workup was negative, and the patient was discharged on intravenous ertapenem therapy. Over several months, he developed progressive headaches, and updated imaging confirmed interval enlargement of the mass with new cavernous sinus invasion. He underwent repeat endoscopic biopsy, which yielded positive cultures for\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia farcinica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and prompted successful treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and linezolid.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The current study highlights a previously unreported clinical entity, the first pituitary abscess attributable to\n                      <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. or\n                      <jats:italic>N. farcinica,<\/jats:italic>\n                      which arose in a young, immunocompetent individual. Although rare, atypical infections represent an important component in the differential diagnosis for sellar mass lesions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case22266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T04:25:38Z","timestamp":1667190338000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Nocardia farcinica pituitary abscess in an immunocompetent patient: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Scheitler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M. J.","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas P.","family":"Carlstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Graffeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona; and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredric B.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett","first-page":"99","article-title":"Primary pituitary abscess case series and a review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Cabuk B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cabuk B, Cakl\u0131l\u0131 M, An\u0131k I, Ceylan S, Celik O, Ust\u00fcn C. Primary pituitary abscess case series and a review of the literature. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2019;40(2):99\u2013104."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Pituitary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0757-7","article-title":"Pituitary abscess: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of 66 cases from a large pituitary center over 23 years","volume":"20","author":"Gao L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao L, Guo X, Tian R,  Pituitary abscess: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of 66 cases from a large pituitary center over 23 years. Pituitary. 2017;20(2):189\u2013194.10.1007\/s11102-016-0757-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016","article-title":"Nocardiosis: updates and clinical overview","volume":"87","author":"Wilson JW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson JW. Nocardiosis: updates and clinical overview. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(4):403\u2013407.10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016"},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197409000-00005","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in Nocardia asteroides infection","volume":"53","author":"Palmer DL","year":"1974","unstructured":"Palmer DL, Harvey RL, Wheeler JK. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in Nocardia asteroides infection. Medicine (Baltimore). 1974;53(5):391\u2013401.10.1097\/00005792-197409000-00005"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053.e1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.033","article-title":"Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: report of 3 cases","volume":"106","author":"Galacho-Harriero A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galacho-Harriero A, Delgado-Lopez PD, Ortega-Lafont MP, Martin-Alonso J, Castilla-Diez JM, Sanchez-Borge B. Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: report of 3 cases. World Neurosurg. 2017;106:1053.e1015\u20131053.e1024.10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.033"},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2011.012","article-title":"Disseminated Nocardia farcinica: literature review and fatal outcome in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"13","author":"Budzik JM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Budzik JM, Hosseini M, Mackinnon AC Jr, Taxy JB. Disseminated Nocardia farcinica: literature review and fatal outcome in an immunocompetent patient. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2012;13(3):163\u2013170.10.1089\/sur.2011.012"},{"issue":"12","key":"b7","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.12.2726-2732.1990","article-title":"Cefotaxime-resistant Nocardia asteroides strains are isolates of the controversial species Nocardia farcinica","volume":"28","author":"Wallace RJ Jr","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wallace RJ Jr, Tsukamura M, Brown BA,  Cefotaxime-resistant Nocardia asteroides strains are isolates of the controversial species Nocardia farcinica. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28(12):2726\u20132732.10.1128\/jcm.28.12.2726-2732.1990"},{"issue":"8","key":"b8","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3655-3660.2004","article-title":"Rapid identification of Nocardia farcinica clinical isolates by a PCR assay targeting a 314-base-pair species-specific DNA fragment","volume":"42","author":"Brown JM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brown JM, Pham KN, McNeil MM, Lasker BA. Rapid identification of Nocardia farcinica clinical isolates by a PCR assay targeting a 314-base-pair species-specific DNA fragment. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(8):3655\u20133660.10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3655-3660.2004"},{"issue":"7","key":"b9","series-title":"J Med Cases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.14740\/jmc2157w","article-title":"Primary Nocardia farcinica brain abscess with secondary relapsing meningitis in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"6","author":"Mylona E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mylona E, Golfinopoulou S, Tragousti A, Skoutelis A. Primary Nocardia farcinica brain abscess with secondary relapsing meningitis in an immunocompromised patient. J Med Cases. 2015;6(7):304\u2013306.10.14740\/jmc2157w"},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_263_17","article-title":"Nocardia Farcinica brain abscess in an immunocompetent old patient: a case report and review of literature","volume":"20","author":"Chaudhari DM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaudhari DM, Renjen PN, Sardana R, Butta H. Nocardia Farcinica brain abscess in an immunocompetent old patient: a case report and review of literature. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2017;20(4):399\u2013402.10.4103\/aian.AIAN_263_17"},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-004-0215-6","article-title":"Nocardia brain abscess mimicking brain tumour in immunocompetent patients: report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"146","author":"Menk\u00fc A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Menk\u00fc A, Kurtsoy A, Tucer B, Yildiz O, Akdemir H. Nocardia brain abscess mimicking brain tumour in immunocompetent patients: report of two cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2004;146(4):411\u2013414.10.1007\/s00701-004-0215-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2012.205","article-title":"Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Kumar VA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar VA, Augustine D, Panikar D,  Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and literature review. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014;15(5):640\u2013646.10.1089\/sur.2012.205"},{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett","first-page":"99","article-title":"Primary pituitary abscess case series and a review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Cabuk B","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cabuk B, Cakl\u0131l\u0131 M, An\u0131k I, Ceylan S, Celik O, Ust\u00fcn C. Primary pituitary abscess case series and a review of the literature. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2019;40(2):99\u2013104."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Pituitary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0757-7","article-title":"Pituitary abscess: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of 66 cases from a large pituitary center over 23 years","volume":"20","author":"Gao L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao L, Guo X, Tian R,  Pituitary abscess: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of 66 cases from a large pituitary center over 23 years. Pituitary. 2017;20(2):189\u2013194.10.1007\/s11102-016-0757-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016","article-title":"Nocardiosis: updates and clinical overview","volume":"87","author":"Wilson JW","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson JW. Nocardiosis: updates and clinical overview. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(4):403\u2013407.10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016"},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197409000-00005","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in Nocardia asteroides infection","volume":"53","author":"Palmer DL","year":"1974","unstructured":"Palmer DL, Harvey RL, Wheeler JK. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in Nocardia asteroides infection. Medicine (Baltimore). 1974;53(5):391\u2013401.10.1097\/00005792-197409000-00005"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053.e1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.033","article-title":"Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: report of 3 cases","volume":"106","author":"Galacho-Harriero A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galacho-Harriero A, Delgado-Lopez PD, Ortega-Lafont MP, Martin-Alonso J, Castilla-Diez JM, Sanchez-Borge B. Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: report of 3 cases. World Neurosurg. 2017;106:1053.e1015\u20131053.e1024.10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.07.033"},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2011.012","article-title":"Disseminated Nocardia farcinica: literature review and fatal outcome in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"13","author":"Budzik JM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Budzik JM, Hosseini M, Mackinnon AC Jr, Taxy JB. Disseminated Nocardia farcinica: literature review and fatal outcome in an immunocompetent patient. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2012;13(3):163\u2013170.10.1089\/sur.2011.012"},{"issue":"12","key":"b7","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.12.2726-2732.1990","article-title":"Cefotaxime-resistant Nocardia asteroides strains are isolates of the controversial species Nocardia farcinica","volume":"28","author":"Wallace RJ Jr","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wallace RJ Jr, Tsukamura M, Brown BA,  Cefotaxime-resistant Nocardia asteroides strains are isolates of the controversial species Nocardia farcinica. J Clin Microbiol. 1990;28(12):2726\u20132732.10.1128\/jcm.28.12.2726-2732.1990"},{"issue":"8","key":"b8","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3655-3660.2004","article-title":"Rapid identification of Nocardia farcinica clinical isolates by a PCR assay targeting a 314-base-pair species-specific DNA fragment","volume":"42","author":"Brown JM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brown JM, Pham KN, McNeil MM, Lasker BA. Rapid identification of Nocardia farcinica clinical isolates by a PCR assay targeting a 314-base-pair species-specific DNA fragment. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(8):3655\u20133660.10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3655-3660.2004"},{"issue":"7","key":"b9","series-title":"J Med Cases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.14740\/jmc2157w","article-title":"Primary Nocardia farcinica brain abscess with secondary relapsing meningitis in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"6","author":"Mylona E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mylona E, Golfinopoulou S, Tragousti A, Skoutelis A. Primary Nocardia farcinica brain abscess with secondary relapsing meningitis in an immunocompromised patient. J Med Cases. 2015;6(7):304\u2013306.10.14740\/jmc2157w"},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_263_17","article-title":"Nocardia Farcinica brain abscess in an immunocompetent old patient: a case report and review of literature","volume":"20","author":"Chaudhari DM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chaudhari DM, Renjen PN, Sardana R, Butta H. Nocardia Farcinica brain abscess in an immunocompetent old patient: a case report and review of literature. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2017;20(4):399\u2013402.10.4103\/aian.AIAN_263_17"},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-004-0215-6","article-title":"Nocardia brain abscess mimicking brain tumour in immunocompetent patients: report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"146","author":"Menk\u00fc A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Menk\u00fc A, Kurtsoy A, Tucer B, Yildiz O, Akdemir H. Nocardia brain abscess mimicking brain tumour in immunocompetent patients: report of two cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2004;146(4):411\u2013414.10.1007\/s00701-004-0215-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2012.205","article-title":"Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Kumar VA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar VA, Augustine D, Panikar D,  Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and literature review. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014;15(5):640\u2013646.10.1089\/sur.2012.205"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/4\/18\/article-CASE22266.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/4\/18\/article-CASE22266.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/4\/18\/article-CASE22266.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:37:45Z","timestamp":1770302265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/4\/18\/article-CASE22266.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case22266","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]}}}