{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:47:24Z","timestamp":1783655244052,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apraxia of speech is a disorder of speech-motor planning in which articulation is effortful and error-prone despite normal strength of the articulators. Phonological alexia and agraphia are disorders of reading and writing disproportionately affecting unfamiliar words. These disorders are almost always accompanied by aphasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 36-year-old woman underwent resection of a grade IV astrocytoma based in the left middle precentral gyrus, including a cortical site associated with speech arrest during electrocortical stimulation mapping. Following surgery, she exhibited moderate apraxia of speech and difficulty with reading and spelling, both of which improved but persisted 6 months after surgery. A battery of speech and language assessments was administered, revealing preserved comprehension, naming, cognition, and orofacial praxis, with largely isolated deficits in speech-motor planning and the spelling and reading of nonwords.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case describes a specific constellation of speech-motor and written language symptoms\u2014apraxia of speech, phonological agraphia, and phonological alexia in the absence of aphasia\u2014which the authors theorize may be attributable to disruption of a single process of \u201cmotor-phonological sequencing.\u201d The middle precentral gyrus may play an important role in the planning of motorically complex phonological sequences for production, independent of output modality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case22504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T16:08:15Z","timestamp":1679933295000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Apraxia of speech with phonological alexia and agraphia following resection of the left middle precentral gyrus: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Deborah F.","family":"Levy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander B.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"University of California Berkeley - University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California"},{"name":"Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri L.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie R.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"University of California Berkeley - University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick W.","family":"Hullett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garret","family":"Kurteff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas Austin, Austin, Texas; 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