{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T22:56:02Z","timestamp":1774479362937,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary intracranial leiomyosarcomas (PILMSs) are extremely rare tumors arising from smooth muscle connective tissue. PILMSs have been shown to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Thus far, EBV-associated PILMS has been exclusively described in immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 40-year-old male presented with a 2-year history of left-sided headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large, heterogeneously enhancing, lobulated, dura-based mass arising from the left middle cranial fossa with associated edema and mass effect. The patient underwent an uncomplicated resection of suspected meningioma; neuropathology revealed the exceedingly rare diagnosis of EBV-associated PILMS. Follow-up testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other immunodeficiencies confirmed the patient\u2019s immunocompetent status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary intracranial smooth muscle tumors are often misdiagnosed as meningiomas due to their similar appearance on imaging. PILMSs have a poor prognosis and gross total resection is the mainstay of treatment in the absence of clear recommendations for management. Prompt diagnosis and resection are important; therefore, these tumors should be included in the differential of dura-based tumors, especially among immunocompromised patients. Although EBV-associated PILMSs usually occur in immunocompromised individuals, their presence cannot be ruled out in immunocompetent patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case22532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T03:16:24Z","timestamp":1674443784000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epstein-Barr virus\u2013associated primary intracranial leiomyosarcoma in an immunocompetent patient: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Joanna K.","family":"Tabor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"},{"name":"The Chenevert Family Brain Tumor Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyi","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"},{"name":"The Chenevert Family Brain Tumor Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saul F.","family":"Morales-Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"},{"name":"The Chenevert Family Brain Tumor Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"},{"name":"The Chenevert Family Brain Tumor Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pallavi P.","family":"Gopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. 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