{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:22:07Z","timestamp":1789842127017,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Differentiating foot drop due to upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions from that due to lower motor neuron lesions is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgery or surgery at the wrong location. Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies are useful in evaluating patients with spastic foot drop (SFD).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n Among 16 patients with SFD, the cause was cervical myelopathy in 5 patients (31%), cerebrovascular accident in 3 (18%), hereditary spastic paraplegia in 2 (12%), multiple sclerosis in 2 (12%), chronic cerebral small vessel disease in 2 (12%), intracranial meningioma in 1 (6%), and diffuse brain injury in 1 (6%). Twelve patients (75%) had weakness of a single leg, whereas 2 others (12%) had bilateral weakness. Eleven patients (69%) had difficulty walking. The deep tendon reflexes of the legs were hyperactive in 15 patients (94%), with an extensor plantar response in 9 patients (56%). Twelve patients (75%) had normal motor and sensory conduction, 11 of whom had no denervation changes of the legs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n This study is intended to raise awareness among surgeons about the clinical features of SFD. EDX studies are valuable in ruling out peripheral causes of foot drop, which encourages diagnostic investigation into a UMN source for the foot drop.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T09:16:03Z","timestamp":1684833363000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Etiology of spastic foot drop among 16 patients undergoing electrodiagnostic studies: patient series"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Lisa B. E.","family":"Shields","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasudeva G.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodiagnostic Center of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, Kentucky"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"b1","series-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int","first-page":"347","article-title":"The interdisciplinary management of foot drop","volume":"116","author":"Carolus AE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carolus AE, Becker M, Cuny J, Smektala R, Schmieder K, Brenke C. The interdisciplinary management of foot drop. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2019;116(20):347\u2013354.31288916"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep","first-page":"105928","article-title":"Second ever reported case of central cause of unilateral foot drop due to cervical disc herniation: Case report and review of literature","volume":"83","author":"Alhardallo M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alhardallo M, El Ansari W, Baco AM. Second ever reported case of central cause of unilateral foot drop due to cervical disc herniation: Case report and review of literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2021;83:105928.34004565"},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"254","article-title":"Cerebral infarction presenting with unilateral isolated foot drop","volume":"56","author":"Kim KW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim KW, Park JS, Koh EJ, Lee JM. Cerebral infarction presenting with unilateral isolated foot drop. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2014; 56(3):254\u2013256.25368770"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"27","article-title":"Clinical features of central isolated unilateral foot drop: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"2","author":"Narenthiran G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Narenthiran G, Leach P, Holland JP. Clinical features of central isolated unilateral foot drop: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int. 2011;2:27.21541007"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"bcr2012006795","article-title":"Spastic foot-drop as an isolated manifestation of neurocysticercosis","volume":"2012","author":"Sahu R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sahu R, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Lalla R. Spastic foot-drop as an isolated manifestation of neurocysticercosis. 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