{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:45:00Z","timestamp":1772639100134,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vein of Galen malformations (VoGMs) in newborns often represent life-threatening emergencies. Outcome is difficult to predict. The authors review 50 VoGM cases to correlate anatomical types with treatment and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four distinct types of VoGMs are identified: mural simple (type I), mural complex (type II), choroidal (type III), and choroidal with deep venous drainage (type IV). Seven patients presented with mural simple VoGMs with a \u201csingle hole\u201d fistula supplied by only one large feeder. These patients were treated electively at &gt;6 months; development was normal. Fifteen patients presented with complex mural VoGMs. Multiple large feeders joined a single fistulous point within the wall of the varix. Patients typically presented with congestive heart failure (CHF) and required emergent transarterial intervention. Mortality was 7.7% with less than two-thirds developing normally. Twenty-five patients presented with choroidal VoGMs. Multiple large arterial feeders joined at multiple fistulous sites. Severe CHF in most patients required emergent transarterial and sometimes transvenous intervention. Mortality was 9.5%; two-thirds of the patients had a normal development. Three babies presented with choroidal VoGMs with deep intraventricular venous drainage. This phenomenon caused fatal \u201cmelting brain syndrome\u201d in all three patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognition of the specific VoGM type determines treatment options and sets outcome expectations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T10:55:48Z","timestamp":1686653748000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vein of Galen malformations in the newborn: case series"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Erik F.","family":"Hauck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy A.","family":"Yarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lily I.","family":"Hauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and"},{"name":"Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Bibawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shervin","family":"Mirshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald A.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Med Observations Inquiries","first-page":"390","article-title":"Further observations upon a particular species of aneurism","volume":"2","author":"Hunter W","year":"1762","unstructured":"Hunter W. 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