{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:07:37Z","timestamp":1770354457283,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (dCCFs) are often treated endovascularly. However, because the dCCF is usually a high-flow shunt, it is often difficult to obtain an accurate vascular structure using conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Here, the authors report a case of successfully treated dCCF using three-dimensional (3D) fused DSA images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patient presented with tinnitus, followed by oculomotor palsy, prompting magnetic resonance imaging that indicated a dural arteriovenous fistula of the cavernous sinus. DSA was performed before treatment, and a diagnosis of dCCF due to a ruptured aneurysm was made. In this case, the 3D fused simulation images enabled the authors to obtain an accurate vascular structure, resulting in successful coil embolization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three-dimensional fusion images from DSA provide detailed anatomical information and are useful for treating high-flow dCCFs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T10:17:21Z","timestamp":1689675441000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-dimensional fusion images from digital subtraction angiography for the treatment of direct carotid-cavernous fistulas: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Gyoda General Hospital, Gyoda City, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"690","article-title":"The benign course of cavernous carotid artery aneurysms","volume":"77","author":"Kupersmith MJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kupersmith MJ, Hurst R, Berenstein A, Choi IS, Jafar J, Ransohoff J. The benign course of cavernous carotid artery aneurysms. J Neurosurg. 1992;77(5):690\u2013693.1403108"},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"248","article-title":"Classification and treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas","volume":"62","author":"Barrow DL","year":"1985","unstructured":"Barrow DL, Spector RH, Braun IF, Landman JA, Tindall SC, Tindall GT. Classification and treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. J Neurosurg. 1985;62(2):248\u2013256.3968564"},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E9","article-title":"Carotid-cavernous fistulas","volume":"32","author":"Ellis JA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ellis JA, Goldstein H, Connolly ES Jr, Meyers PM. Carotid-cavernous fistulas. Neurosurg Focus. 2012;32(5):E9.22537135"},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"239","article-title":"Management of 100 consecutive direct carotid-cavernous fistulas: results of treatment with detachable balloons","volume":"36","author":"Lewis AI","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lewis AI, Tomsick TA, Tew JM Jr. Management of 100 consecutive direct carotid-cavernous fistulas: results of treatment with detachable balloons. Neurosurgery. 1995;36(2):239\u2013245.7731502"},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"185","article-title":"Ruptured cavernous sinus aneurysms causing carotid cavernous fistula: incidence, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome","volume":"27","author":"van Rooij WJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Rooij WJ, Sluzewski M, Beute GN. Ruptured cavernous sinus aneurysms causing carotid cavernous fistula: incidence, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006; 27(1):185\u2013189.16418380"},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"857","article-title":"Endovascular detachable balloon embolization therapy of cavernous carotid artery aneurysms: results in 87 cases","volume":"72","author":"Higashida RT","year":"1990","unstructured":"Higashida RT, Halbach VV, Dowd C,  Endovascular detachable balloon embolization therapy of cavernous carotid artery aneurysms: results in 87 cases. J Neurosurg. 1990;72(6):857\u2013863.2338569"},{"issue":"9","key":"b7","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1789","article-title":"Endovascular treatment strategy for direct carotid-cavernous fistulas resulting from rupture of intracavernous carotid aneurysms","volume":"24","author":"Kobayashi N","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kobayashi N, Miyachi S, Negoro M,  Endovascular treatment strategy for direct carotid-cavernous fistulas resulting from rupture of intracavernous carotid aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24(9):1789\u20131796.14561604"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neuro Intervent Surg","first-page":"e30","article-title":"Transvenous approach for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistula following pipeline embolization of cavernous carotid aneurysm: a report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Lin LM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin LM, Colby GP, Jiang B, Pero G, Boccardi E, Coon AL. Transvenous approach for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistula following pipeline embolization of cavernous carotid aneurysm: a report of two cases and review of the literature. J Neuro Intervent Surg. 2015;7:e30."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"85","article-title":"Four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography for exploration of intraosseous arteriovenous fistula in the sphenoid bone","volume":"12","author":"Ishibashi T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ishibashi T, Maruyama F, Kan I, Sano T, Murayama Y. Four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography for exploration of intraosseous arteriovenous fistula in the sphenoid bone. Surg Neurol Int. 2021; 12:85.33767889"},{"issue":"5","key":"b10","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"404","article-title":"Three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography for endovascular treatment of direct carotid-cavernous fistula\u2014case report","volume":"50","author":"Kohyama S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kohyama S, Ishihara S, Yamane F, Kanazawa R, Ishihara H, Suzuki M. 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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24(9):1789\u20131796.14561604"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neuro Intervent Surg","first-page":"e30","article-title":"Transvenous approach for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistula following pipeline embolization of cavernous carotid aneurysm: a report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Lin LM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin LM, Colby GP, Jiang B, Pero G, Boccardi E, Coon AL. Transvenous approach for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistula following pipeline embolization of cavernous carotid aneurysm: a report of two cases and review of the literature. 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