{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:03:25Z","timestamp":1778900605026,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unlike syringomyelia, syringobulbia is not commonly observed in pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I (CMI). Previous series have reported the incidence of syringobulbia as between 3% and 4% in these patients. Presentation is typically chronic, with the slow onset of neurological symptoms and cranial nerve (CN) palsies resulting from lower brainstem involvement. The authors report the first case of a pediatric patient with simultaneous CMI, syringobulbia, and unilateral CN VII palsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 7-year-old male presented with right facial weakness in addition to headaches, ataxia, urinary incontinence, and falls. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed CMI with a syrinx of the cervicothoracic spine and syringobulbia. Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty was performed without complications, and the patient was discharged home on postoperation day 5. At the 3-week follow-up, the patient\u2019s neurological deficits had largely subsided. At the 3-month follow-up, his CN VII palsy and syringobulbia had completely resolved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric CMI patients with syringomyelia are at risk for developing syringobulbia and brainstem deficits, including unilateral facial palsy. However, craniocervical decompression can prove successful in treating such deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T12:23:07Z","timestamp":1709554987000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Successful treatment of unilateral facial nerve palsy in a pediatric patient with syringobulbia and Chiari malformation type I: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sherlock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nolan J","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvin Y","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica K","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joffre","family":"Olaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California; and"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am.","first-page":"783","article-title":"Chiari malformation in children","volume":"68","author":"Albert GW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Albert GW Chiari malformation in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2021;68(4):783\u2013792."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol.","first-page":"303","article-title":"Acute VI nerve palsy in a 4 year-old girl with Chiari I malformation and pontomedullary extension of syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Massey SL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Massey SL, Buland J, Hauber S, et\u00a0al. Acute VI nerve palsy in a 4 year-old girl with Chiari I malformation and pontomedullary extension of syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2011;15(4):303\u2013309."},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr.","first-page":"52","article-title":"Syringobulbia in pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I","volume":"22","author":"Menezes AH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Menezes AH, Greenlee JDW, Dlouhy BJ Syringobulbia in pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;22(1):52\u201360."},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst.","first-page":"2409","article-title":"Case of simultaneous Chiari 1.5 malformation and syringobulbia","volume":"37","author":"Carsky K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carsky K, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS Case of simultaneous Chiari 1.5 malformation and syringobulbia. Childs Nerv Syst. 2021;37(7):2409\u20132411."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery.","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Syringobulbia in a pediatric population","volume":"57","author":"Greenlee JD","year":"2005","unstructured":"Greenlee JD, Menezes AH, Bertoglio BA, Donovan KA Syringobulbia in a pediatric population. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1147\u20131153."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"BioMed Res Int.","first-page":"4829102","article-title":"Syringobulbia in patients with Chiari malformation type I: a systematic review","volume":"2019","author":"Shen J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen J, Shen J, Huang K, Wu Y, Pan J, Zhan R Syringobulbia in patients with Chiari malformation type I: a systematic review. BioMed Res Int. 2019;2019:4829102."},{"issue":"4","key":"b7","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci.","first-page":"421","article-title":"Syringocephaly","volume":"11","author":"Aryan HE","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aryan HE, Yanni DS, Nakaji P, Jandial R, Marshall LF, Taylor WR Syringocephaly. J Clin Neurosci. 2004;11(4):421\u2013423."},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Arch Neurol.","first-page":"394","article-title":"Syringobulbia without syringomyelia","volume":"40","author":"Gennaro P","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gennaro P, Miller M Syringobulbia without syringomyelia. Arch Neurol. 1983;40(6):394."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand.","first-page":"341","article-title":"Syringomyelia with syringobulbia presenting only with paralysis of 9th and 10th cranial nerves","volume":"105","author":"Jha S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jha S, Das A, Gupta S, Banerji D Syringomyelia with syringobulbia presenting only with paralysis of 9th and 10th cranial nerves. Acta Neurol Scand. 2002;105(4):341\u2013343."},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg.","first-page":"214","article-title":"Cerebral syrinx with Chiari I malformation","volume":"20","author":"Kanev PM","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kanev PM, Getch CC, Jallo J, Faerber EN Cerebral syrinx with Chiari I malformation. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1994;20(3):214\u2013216."},{"issue":"6","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr.","first-page":"657","article-title":"Syringohydromyelia in association with syringobulbia and syringocephaly: case report","volume":"15","author":"Menezes AH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menezes AH, Greenlee JD, Longmuir RA, Hansen DR, Abode-Iyamah K Syringohydromyelia in association with syringobulbia and syringocephaly: case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(6):657\u2013661."},{"issue":"12","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Syringobulbia: a surgical appraisal","volume":"55","author":"Morgan D","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morgan D, Williams B Syringobulbia: a surgical appraisal. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55(12):1132\u20131141."},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Bull Emerg Trauma.","first-page":"166","article-title":"Isolated post-traumatic syringobulbia; case report and review of the literature","volume":"2","author":"Taghipour M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taghipour M, Derakhshan N, Ghaffarpasand F Isolated post-traumatic syringobulbia; case report and review of the literature. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2014;2(4):166\u2013169."},{"issue":"11","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons.","first-page":"CASE21341","article-title":"Syringomyelia intermittens: highlighting the complex pathophysiology of syringomyelia. Illustrative case","volume":"2","author":"Van Der Veken J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Der Veken J, Harding M, Hatami S, Agzarian M, Vrodos N. Syringomyelia intermittens: highlighting the complex pathophysiology of syringomyelia. Illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2021;2(11):CASE21341."},{"issue":"2","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurol Sci.","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation type 1 in children: the International Consensus Document","volume":"43","author":"Massimi L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Massimi L, Peretta P, Erbetta A, et\u00a0al. Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation type 1 in children: the International Consensus Document. Neurol Sci. 2022;43(2):1311\u20131326."},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg.","first-page":"624","article-title":"Comparison of syringopleural and syringosubarachnoid shunting in the treatment of syringomyelia in children","volume":"84","author":"Vernet O","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vernet O, Farmer JP, Montes JL Comparison of syringopleural and syringosubarachnoid shunting in the treatment of syringomyelia in children. J Neurosurg. 1996;84(4):624\u2013628."},{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am.","first-page":"783","article-title":"Chiari malformation in children","volume":"68","author":"Albert GW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Albert GW Chiari malformation in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2021;68(4):783\u2013792."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol.","first-page":"303","article-title":"Acute VI nerve palsy in a 4 year-old girl with Chiari I malformation and pontomedullary extension of syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Massey SL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Massey SL, Buland J, Hauber S, et\u00a0al. Acute VI nerve palsy in a 4 year-old girl with Chiari I malformation and pontomedullary extension of syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2011;15(4):303\u2013309."},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr.","first-page":"52","article-title":"Syringobulbia in pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I","volume":"22","author":"Menezes AH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Menezes AH, Greenlee JDW, Dlouhy BJ Syringobulbia in pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;22(1):52\u201360."},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst.","first-page":"2409","article-title":"Case of simultaneous Chiari 1.5 malformation and syringobulbia","volume":"37","author":"Carsky K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carsky K, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS Case of simultaneous Chiari 1.5 malformation and syringobulbia. Childs Nerv Syst. 2021;37(7):2409\u20132411."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery.","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Syringobulbia in a pediatric population","volume":"57","author":"Greenlee JD","year":"2005","unstructured":"Greenlee JD, Menezes AH, Bertoglio BA, Donovan KA Syringobulbia in a pediatric population. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(6):1147\u20131153."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"BioMed Res Int.","first-page":"4829102","article-title":"Syringobulbia in patients with Chiari malformation type I: a systematic review","volume":"2019","author":"Shen J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen J, Shen J, Huang K, Wu Y, Pan J, Zhan R Syringobulbia in patients with Chiari malformation type I: a systematic review. BioMed Res Int. 2019;2019:4829102."},{"issue":"4","key":"b7","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci.","first-page":"421","article-title":"Syringocephaly","volume":"11","author":"Aryan HE","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aryan HE, Yanni DS, Nakaji P, Jandial R, Marshall LF, Taylor WR Syringocephaly. J Clin Neurosci. 2004;11(4):421\u2013423."},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Arch Neurol.","first-page":"394","article-title":"Syringobulbia without syringomyelia","volume":"40","author":"Gennaro P","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gennaro P, Miller M Syringobulbia without syringomyelia. Arch Neurol. 1983;40(6):394."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand.","first-page":"341","article-title":"Syringomyelia with syringobulbia presenting only with paralysis of 9th and 10th cranial nerves","volume":"105","author":"Jha S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jha S, Das A, Gupta S, Banerji D Syringomyelia with syringobulbia presenting only with paralysis of 9th and 10th cranial nerves. Acta Neurol Scand. 2002;105(4):341\u2013343."},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg.","first-page":"214","article-title":"Cerebral syrinx with Chiari I malformation","volume":"20","author":"Kanev PM","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kanev PM, Getch CC, Jallo J, Faerber EN Cerebral syrinx with Chiari I malformation. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1994;20(3):214\u2013216."},{"issue":"6","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr.","first-page":"657","article-title":"Syringohydromyelia in association with syringobulbia and syringocephaly: case report","volume":"15","author":"Menezes AH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menezes AH, Greenlee JD, Longmuir RA, Hansen DR, Abode-Iyamah K Syringohydromyelia in association with syringobulbia and syringocephaly: case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(6):657\u2013661."},{"issue":"12","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Syringobulbia: a surgical appraisal","volume":"55","author":"Morgan D","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morgan D, Williams B Syringobulbia: a surgical appraisal. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992;55(12):1132\u20131141."},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Bull Emerg Trauma.","first-page":"166","article-title":"Isolated post-traumatic syringobulbia; case report and review of the literature","volume":"2","author":"Taghipour M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taghipour M, Derakhshan N, Ghaffarpasand F Isolated post-traumatic syringobulbia; case report and review of the literature. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2014;2(4):166\u2013169."},{"issue":"11","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons.","first-page":"CASE21341","article-title":"Syringomyelia intermittens: highlighting the complex pathophysiology of syringomyelia. Illustrative case","volume":"2","author":"Van Der Veken J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Der Veken J, Harding M, Hatami S, Agzarian M, Vrodos N. Syringomyelia intermittens: highlighting the complex pathophysiology of syringomyelia. Illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2021;2(11):CASE21341."},{"issue":"2","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurol Sci.","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation type 1 in children: the International Consensus Document","volume":"43","author":"Massimi L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Massimi L, Peretta P, Erbetta A, et\u00a0al. Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation type 1 in children: the International Consensus Document. Neurol Sci. 2022;43(2):1311\u20131326."},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg.","first-page":"624","article-title":"Comparison of syringopleural and syringosubarachnoid shunting in the treatment of syringomyelia in children","volume":"84","author":"Vernet O","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vernet O, Farmer JP, Montes JL Comparison of syringopleural and syringosubarachnoid shunting in the treatment of syringomyelia in children. J Neurosurg. 1996;84(4):624\u2013628."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/10\/article-CASE23282.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/10\/article-CASE23282.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/10\/article-CASE23282.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:26:17Z","timestamp":1770301577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/10\/article-CASE23282.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case23282","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]}}}