{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T04:56:28Z","timestamp":1770353788025,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Underprivileged and underserved patients from developing countries often present late with advanced, untreated spinal deformities. We report a three-stage all-posterior approach using limited skeletal traction with Gardner-Wells tongs (GWTs) for the management of severe idiopathic scoliosis during a humanitarian surgical mission trip.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 17-year-old high-school female was previously diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (diagnosed at age 8) and progressed to a severe 135\u00b0 kyphoscoliosis. Procedural stage 1 involved spinal instrumentation and posterior releases via posterior column osteotomies from T3 to L4. She then underwent 7 days of skeletal traction with GWTs in the intensive care unit as stage 2. In stage 3, rod engagement, posterior spinal fusion, and partial T10 vertebral column resection were performed. There were no changes in intraoperative neuromonitoring during either surgery and she woke up neurologically intact after both stages of the surgical procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skeletal traction with GWTs is a viable alternative to traditional halo-gravity traction in settings with limited resources. Three-stage spinal deformity correction using limited skeletal traction is a feasible and effective approach for managing severe scoliosis during humanitarian surgical mission trips.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T21:17:52Z","timestamp":1695676672000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-stage correction of severe idiopathic scoliosis with limited skeletal traction during a humanitarian surgical mission: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"J. Manuel","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Standing Straight, Inc., Orinda, California"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children\u2019s Hospital of New York-Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Fakhoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standing Straight, Inc., Orinda, California"},{"name":"Northern California Regional Spine Center, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angadh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standing Straight, Inc., Orinda, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Hawk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standing Straight, Inc., Orinda, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences and Spine Group, Vestal, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Bains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standing Straight, Inc., Orinda, California"},{"name":"Northern California Regional Spine Center, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. A study of mortality, causes of death, and symptoms","volume":"17","author":"Pehrsson K","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pehrsson K, Larsson S, Oden A, Nachemson A. Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. A study of mortality, causes of death, and symptoms. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1992;17(9):1091\u20131096."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Indian J Orthop","first-page":"9","article-title":"The natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"44","author":"Wong HK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong HK, Tan KJ. The natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Indian J Orthop. 2010;44(1):9\u201313."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"Asian Spine J","first-page":"494","article-title":"Severe rigid scoliosis: review of management strategies and role of spinal osteotomies","volume":"11","author":"Kandwal P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kandwal P, Vijayaraghavan GP, Nagaraja UB, Jayaswal A. Severe rigid scoliosis: review of management strategies and role of spinal osteotomies. Asian Spine J. 2017;11(3):494\u2013503."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e636","article-title":"Halo gravity traction for the correction of spinal deformities in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Reed LA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reed LA, Mihas A, Butler R,  Halo gravity traction for the correction of spinal deformities in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2022;164:e636\u2013e648."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"874","article-title":"Halo-pelvic traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Sun Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun Y, Zhang Y, Ma H, Tan M, Zhang Z. Halo-pelvic traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2023;32(3):874\u2013882."},{"issue":"20","key":"b6","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"2213","article-title":"Posterior vertebral column resection for severe pediatric deformity: minimum two-year follow-up of thirty-five consecutive patients","volume":"34","author":"Lenke LG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lenke LG, O\u2019Leary PT, Bridwell KH, Sides BA, Koester LA, Blanke KM. Posterior vertebral column resection for severe pediatric deformity: minimum two-year follow-up of thirty-five consecutive patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(20):2213\u20132221."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"333","article-title":"Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: is it safe?","volume":"29","author":"Kim YJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho YS, Riew KD. Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: is it safe? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(3):333\u2013342."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Posterior column osteotomies in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"5","author":"Louer Jr CR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Louer Jr CR, Illingworth KD, Metcalf TD, Floccari LV. Posterior column osteotomies in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2023;5(1):1\u20138. doi:10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-638."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot","first-page":"287","article-title":"Cranial traction using the \u201cHalo\u201d of Rancho Los Amigos","volume":"57","author":"Stagnara P","year":"1971","unstructured":"Stagnara P. Cranial traction using the \u201cHalo\u201d of Rancho Los Amigos. Article in French. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1971;57(4):287\u2013300."},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"119","article-title":"Complications after 147 consecutive vertebral column resections for severe pediatric spinal deformity: a multicenter analysis","volume":"38","author":"Lenke LG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lenke LG, Newton PO, Sucato DJ,  Complications after 147 consecutive vertebral column resections for severe pediatric spinal deformity: a multicenter analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(2):119\u2013132."},{"issue":"3","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"153","article-title":"Preoperative halo- gravity traction for severe spinal deformities at an SRS-GOP site in West Africa: protocols, complications, and results","volume":"40","author":"Nemani VM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nemani VM, Kim HJ, Bjerke-Kroll BT,  Preoperative halo- gravity traction for severe spinal deformities at an SRS-GOP site in West Africa: protocols, complications, and results. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015;40(3):153\u2013161."},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"338","article-title":"The use of halo gravity traction in severe, stiff scoliosis","volume":"41","author":"Rocos B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rocos B, Reda L, Lebel DE, Dodds MK, Zeller R. The use of halo gravity traction in severe, stiff scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021;41(6):338\u2013343."},{"issue":"11","key":"b13","series-title":"Children (Basel)","article-title":"The use and complications of halo gravity traction in children with scoliosis","volume":"9","author":"Popescu MB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Popescu MB, Ulici A, Carp M, Haram O, Ionescu NS. The use and complications of halo gravity traction in children with scoliosis. Children (Basel). 2022;9(11)."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"33","article-title":"Preoperative halo-gravity traction for severe pediatric spinal deformity: complications, radiographic correction and changes in pulmonary function","volume":"1","author":"Bogunovic L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bogunovic L, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Luhmann SJ. Preoperative halo-gravity traction for severe pediatric spinal deformity: complications, radiographic correction and changes in pulmonary function. Spine Deform. 2013;1(1):33\u201339."},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","first-page":"767238","article-title":"Does preoperative halo-gravity traction reduce the degree of deformity and improve pulmonary function in severe scoliosis patients with pulmonary insufficiency? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yang Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang Z, Liu Y, Qi L,  Does preoperative halo-gravity traction reduce the degree of deformity and improve pulmonary function in severe scoliosis patients with pulmonary insufficiency? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:767238."},{"issue":"3","key":"b16","series-title":"JBJS Rev","first-page":"e22.00204","article-title":"Indications and efficacy of halo-gravity traction in pediatric spinal deformity: a critical analysis review","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Donnell J","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell J, Garcia S, Ali S, Asturias A, Swarup I. Indications and efficacy of halo-gravity traction in pediatric spinal deformity: a critical analysis review. JBJS Rev. 2023;11(3):e22.00204."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"e42","article-title":"Establishing consensus on the best practice guidelines for use of halo gravity traction for pediatric spinal deformity","volume":"40","author":"Roye BD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roye BD, Campbell ML, Matsumoto H,  Establishing consensus on the best practice guidelines for use of halo gravity traction for pediatric spinal deformity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2020;40(1):e42\u2013e48."},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Three-staged correction of severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis using limited halo-gravity traction","volume":"21","author":"Koptan W","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koptan W, ElMiligui Y. Three-staged correction of severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis using limited halo-gravity traction. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(6):1091\u20131098."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"146","article-title":"The efficacy of preoperative halo-gravity traction in pediatric spinal deformity the effect of traction duration","volume":"26","author":"Park DK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park DK, Braaksma B, Hammerberg KW, Sturm P. The efficacy of preoperative halo-gravity traction in pediatric spinal deformity the effect of traction duration. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2013;26(3):146\u2013154."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"543","article-title":"The principle of spring-loaded points for cervical traction. Technical note","volume":"39","author":"Gardner WJ","year":"1973","unstructured":"Gardner WJ. The principle of spring-loaded points for cervical traction. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 1973;39(4):543\u2013544."},{"issue":"7","key":"b21","series-title":"Injury","first-page":"512","article-title":"Complications from the Gardner-Wells tongs","volume":"27","author":"Choo JH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Choo JH, Liu WY, Kumar VP. Complications from the Gardner-Wells tongs. Injury. 1996;27(7):512\u2013513."},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"594","article-title":"Brain abscess as a complication of cranial traction","volume":"23","author":"Celli P","year":"1985","unstructured":"Celli P, Palatinsky E. Brain abscess as a complication of cranial traction. Surg Neurol. 1985;23(6):594\u2013596."},{"issue":"6","key":"b23","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"585","article-title":"Cranial nerve palsy as a complication of operative traction","volume":"24","author":"Barsoum WK","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barsoum WK, Mayerson J, Bell GR. Cranial nerve palsy as a complication of operative traction. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999;24(6):585\u2013586."},{"issue":"6","key":"b24","series-title":"Orthop Rev","first-page":"761","article-title":"Superficial temporal artery laceration. A complication of skull tong traction","volume":"21","author":"Nimityongskul P","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nimityongskul P, Bose WJ, Hurley DP, Anderson LD. Superficial temporal artery laceration. A complication of skull tong traction. Orthop Rev. 1992;21(6):761, 764\u2013765."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"123","article-title":"Efficacy and complications of the use of Gardner-Wells tongs: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Saleh H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saleh H, Yohe N, Razi A, Saleh A. Efficacy and complications of the use of Gardner-Wells tongs: a systematic review. J Spine Surg. 2018;4(1):123\u2013129."},{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. A study of mortality, causes of death, and symptoms","volume":"17","author":"Pehrsson K","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pehrsson K, Larsson S, Oden A, Nachemson A. Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. A study of mortality, causes of death, and symptoms. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1992;17(9):1091\u20131096."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Indian J Orthop","first-page":"9","article-title":"The natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"44","author":"Wong HK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong HK, Tan KJ. The natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Indian J Orthop. 2010;44(1):9\u201313."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"Asian Spine J","first-page":"494","article-title":"Severe rigid scoliosis: review of management strategies and role of spinal osteotomies","volume":"11","author":"Kandwal P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kandwal P, Vijayaraghavan GP, Nagaraja UB, Jayaswal A. Severe rigid scoliosis: review of management strategies and role of spinal osteotomies. Asian Spine J. 2017;11(3):494\u2013503."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e636","article-title":"Halo gravity traction for the correction of spinal deformities in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Reed LA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reed LA, Mihas A, Butler R,  Halo gravity traction for the correction of spinal deformities in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2022;164:e636\u2013e648."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"874","article-title":"Halo-pelvic traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Sun Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun Y, Zhang Y, Ma H, Tan M, Zhang Z. Halo-pelvic traction in the treatment of severe scoliosis: a meta-analysis. Eur Spine J. 2023;32(3):874\u2013882."},{"issue":"20","key":"b6","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"2213","article-title":"Posterior vertebral column resection for severe pediatric deformity: minimum two-year follow-up of thirty-five consecutive patients","volume":"34","author":"Lenke LG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lenke LG, O\u2019Leary PT, Bridwell KH, Sides BA, Koester LA, Blanke KM. Posterior vertebral column resection for severe pediatric deformity: minimum two-year follow-up of thirty-five consecutive patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(20):2213\u20132221."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"333","article-title":"Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: is it safe?","volume":"29","author":"Kim YJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Cho YS, Riew KD. Free hand pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine: is it safe? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(3):333\u2013342."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Posterior column osteotomies in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"5","author":"Louer Jr CR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Louer Jr CR, Illingworth KD, Metcalf TD, Floccari LV. Posterior column osteotomies in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2023;5(1):1\u20138. doi:10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-638."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot","first-page":"287","article-title":"Cranial traction using the \u201cHalo\u201d of Rancho Los Amigos","volume":"57","author":"Stagnara P","year":"1971","unstructured":"Stagnara P. Cranial traction using the \u201cHalo\u201d of Rancho Los Amigos. Article in French. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1971;57(4):287\u2013300."},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"119","article-title":"Complications after 147 consecutive vertebral column resections for severe pediatric spinal deformity: a multicenter analysis","volume":"38","author":"Lenke LG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lenke LG, Newton PO, Sucato DJ,  Complications after 147 consecutive vertebral column resections for severe pediatric spinal deformity: a multicenter analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(2):119\u2013132."},{"issue":"3","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"153","article-title":"Preoperative halo- gravity traction for severe spinal deformities at an SRS-GOP site in West Africa: protocols, complications, and results","volume":"40","author":"Nemani VM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nemani VM, Kim HJ, Bjerke-Kroll BT,  Preoperative halo- gravity traction for severe spinal deformities at an SRS-GOP site in West Africa: protocols, complications, and results. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015;40(3):153\u2013161."},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"338","article-title":"The use of halo gravity traction in severe, stiff scoliosis","volume":"41","author":"Rocos B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rocos B, Reda L, Lebel DE, Dodds MK, Zeller R. The use of halo gravity traction in severe, stiff scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021;41(6):338\u2013343."},{"issue":"11","key":"b13","series-title":"Children (Basel)","article-title":"The use and complications of halo gravity traction in children with scoliosis","volume":"9","author":"Popescu MB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Popescu MB, Ulici A, Carp M, Haram O, Ionescu NS. The use and complications of halo gravity traction in children with scoliosis. Children (Basel). 2022;9(11)."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"33","article-title":"Preoperative halo-gravity traction for severe pediatric spinal deformity: complications, radiographic correction and changes in pulmonary function","volume":"1","author":"Bogunovic L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bogunovic L, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Luhmann SJ. Preoperative halo-gravity traction for severe pediatric spinal deformity: complications, radiographic correction and changes in pulmonary function. Spine Deform. 2013;1(1):33\u201339."},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","first-page":"767238","article-title":"Does preoperative halo-gravity traction reduce the degree of deformity and improve pulmonary function in severe scoliosis patients with pulmonary insufficiency? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Yang Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang Z, Liu Y, Qi L,  Does preoperative halo-gravity traction reduce the degree of deformity and improve pulmonary function in severe scoliosis patients with pulmonary insufficiency? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:767238."},{"issue":"3","key":"b16","series-title":"JBJS Rev","first-page":"e22.00204","article-title":"Indications and efficacy of halo-gravity traction in pediatric spinal deformity: a critical analysis review","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Donnell J","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell J, Garcia S, Ali S, Asturias A, Swarup I. Indications and efficacy of halo-gravity traction in pediatric spinal deformity: a critical analysis review. JBJS Rev. 2023;11(3):e22.00204."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"e42","article-title":"Establishing consensus on the best practice guidelines for use of halo gravity traction for pediatric spinal deformity","volume":"40","author":"Roye BD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roye BD, Campbell ML, Matsumoto H,  Establishing consensus on the best practice guidelines for use of halo gravity traction for pediatric spinal deformity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2020;40(1):e42\u2013e48."},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Three-staged correction of severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis using limited halo-gravity traction","volume":"21","author":"Koptan W","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koptan W, ElMiligui Y. Three-staged correction of severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis using limited halo-gravity traction. Eur Spine J. 2012;21(6):1091\u20131098."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"146","article-title":"The efficacy of preoperative halo-gravity traction in pediatric spinal deformity the effect of traction duration","volume":"26","author":"Park DK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park DK, Braaksma B, Hammerberg KW, Sturm P. The efficacy of preoperative halo-gravity traction in pediatric spinal deformity the effect of traction duration. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2013;26(3):146\u2013154."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"543","article-title":"The principle of spring-loaded points for cervical traction. Technical note","volume":"39","author":"Gardner WJ","year":"1973","unstructured":"Gardner WJ. The principle of spring-loaded points for cervical traction. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 1973;39(4):543\u2013544."},{"issue":"7","key":"b21","series-title":"Injury","first-page":"512","article-title":"Complications from the Gardner-Wells tongs","volume":"27","author":"Choo JH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Choo JH, Liu WY, Kumar VP. Complications from the Gardner-Wells tongs. Injury. 1996;27(7):512\u2013513."},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"594","article-title":"Brain abscess as a complication of cranial traction","volume":"23","author":"Celli P","year":"1985","unstructured":"Celli P, Palatinsky E. Brain abscess as a complication of cranial traction. Surg Neurol. 1985;23(6):594\u2013596."},{"issue":"6","key":"b23","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"585","article-title":"Cranial nerve palsy as a complication of operative traction","volume":"24","author":"Barsoum WK","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barsoum WK, Mayerson J, Bell GR. Cranial nerve palsy as a complication of operative traction. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999;24(6):585\u2013586."},{"issue":"6","key":"b24","series-title":"Orthop Rev","first-page":"761","article-title":"Superficial temporal artery laceration. A complication of skull tong traction","volume":"21","author":"Nimityongskul P","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nimityongskul P, Bose WJ, Hurley DP, Anderson LD. Superficial temporal artery laceration. A complication of skull tong traction. Orthop Rev. 1992;21(6):761, 764\u2013765."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"123","article-title":"Efficacy and complications of the use of Gardner-Wells tongs: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Saleh H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saleh H, Yohe N, Razi A, Saleh A. Efficacy and complications of the use of Gardner-Wells tongs: a systematic review. 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