{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:08:16Z","timestamp":1770354496013,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage in children, although they are rarer in neonates. Age, location, lesion architecture, and rupture status define treatment options. Sparse literature exists to guide the management of clinically symptomatic intraventricular AVM rupture in neonates. We highlight the case of a neonate with a ruptured intraventricular AVM to showcase considerations in treatment, discuss surgical technique, and help guide management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An 18-day-old female presented with lethargy in extremis and was found to have new intraventricular hemorrhage. Angiogram revealed a Spetzler-Martin grade 2 AVM with a right posterior choroidal feeder and deep venous drainage within the ventricle. Her age limited radiosurgical and endovascular interventions. She underwent an interhemispheric, transcollosal, intraventricular approach for complete AVM resection. Perioperative care was managed by a multidisciplinary team, successfully mitigating the patient\u2019s high risk of hemovascular collapse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stereotactic radiosurgery, endovascular embolization, and microsurgery are options for AVM obliteration, and multimodal therapy must be tailored to the lesion and patient. Conservative management can also be considered. Each intervention carries risks and varying likelihoods of success. Balancing these outcomes is challenging without definitive, high-quality, evidence-based guidance. The best treatment maximizes the chance of AVM obliteration while minimizing morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T20:29:14Z","timestamp":1696883354000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microsurgical resection of a ruptured intraventricular arteriovenous malformation in a neonate: considerations in management. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reid","family":"Colliander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa A","family":"LoPresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shaibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Neuroradiology, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Illinois; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandi","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"b1","series-title":"Intervent Neurol","first-page":"218","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population: review of the existing literature","volume":"5","author":"El-Ghanem M","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Ghanem M, Kass-Hout T, Kass-Hout O,  Arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population: review of the existing literature. Intervent Neurol. 2016;5(3\u20134):218\u2013225."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med","first-page":"7","article-title":"Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: Examining rehabilitation outcomes","volume":"13","author":"LoPresti MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"LoPresti MA, Giridharan N, Pyarali M,  Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: Examining rehabilitation outcomes. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2020;13(1):7\u201315."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"437","article-title":"Natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Gross BA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gross BA, Du R. Natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2013;118(2):437\u2013443."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"127","article-title":"International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: Predictors of hemorrhagic presentation","volume":"19","author":"Ding D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H,  International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: Predictors of hemorrhagic presentation. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017;19(2):127\u2013135."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"540","article-title":"Management of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: experience with multimodality therapy","volume":"69","author":"Darsaut TE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Darsaut TE, Guzman R, Marcellus ML,  Management of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: experience with multimodality therapy. Neurosurgery. 2011;69(3):540\u2013556."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","first-page":"40","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations of the brain in children: a forty year experience","volume":"19","author":"Kondziolka D","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kondziolka D, Humphreys RP, Hoffman HJ, Hendrick EB, Drake JM. Arteriovenous malformations of the brain in children: a forty year experience. Can J Neurol Sci. 1992;19(1):40\u201345."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"343","article-title":"The factors associated with hemorrhagic presentation in children with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ai X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ai X, Ye Z, Xu J, You C, Jiang Y. The factors associated with hemorrhagic presentation in children with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;23(3):343\u2013354."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"82","article-title":"Superior outcomes in children compared with adults after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations","volume":"105","author":"Sanchez-Mejia RO","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sanchez-Mejia RO, Chennupati SK, Gupta N, Fullerton H, Young WL, Lawton MT. Superior outcomes in children compared with adults after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(2 suppl):82\u201387."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Eur J Radiol","first-page":"8","article-title":"Safety and outcome of combined endovascular and surgical management of low grade cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children compared to surgery alone","volume":"116","author":"Al-Smadi AS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Smadi AS, Ansari SA, Shokuhfar T,  Safety and outcome of combined endovascular and surgical management of low grade cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children compared to surgery alone. Eur J Radiol. 2019;116:8\u201313."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"287","article-title":"Ventricular\/paraventricular small arteriovenous malformations: role of embolisation with cyanoacrylate","volume":"47","author":"Oran I","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oran I, Parildar M, Derbent A. Ventricular\/paraventricular small arteriovenous malformations: role of embolisation with cyanoacrylate. Neuroradiology. 2005;47(4):287\u2013294."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"18","article-title":"Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the lateral ventricle","volume":"8","author":"Waga S","year":"1986","unstructured":"Waga S. Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the lateral ventricle. Neurol Res. 1986;8(1):18\u201324."},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"708","article-title":"Surgical management of arteriovenous malformations that follow the tentorial ring","volume":"18","author":"Solomon RA","year":"1986","unstructured":"Solomon RA, Stein BM. Surgical management of arteriovenous malformations that follow the tentorial ring. Neurosurgery. 1986;18(6):708\u2013715."},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"511","article-title":"Surgical approaches to trigonal arteriovenous malformations","volume":"67","author":"Batjer H","year":"1987","unstructured":"Batjer H, Samson D. Surgical approaches to trigonal arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1987;67(4):511\u2013517."},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"201","article-title":"Choroid plexus arteriovenous malformations","volume":"32","author":"Miyasaka Y","year":"1992","unstructured":"Miyasaka Y, Yada K, Ohwada T,  Choroid plexus arteriovenous malformations. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1992;32(4):201\u2013206."},{"issue":"5","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"653","article-title":"Microsurgery for 67 intracranial arteriovenous malformations less than 3 cm in diameter","volume":"79","author":"Sisti MB","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sisti MB, Kader A, Stein BM. Microsurgery for 67 intracranial arteriovenous malformations less than 3 cm in diameter. J Neurosurg. 1993;79(5):653\u2013660."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Ochsner J","first-page":"54","article-title":"Interhemispheric paracallosal approach for an arteriovenous malformation of the atrium: a novel technique","volume":"19","author":"Valle-Giler EP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valle-Giler EP, Gouveia EE, Smith RD. Interhemispheric paracallosal approach for an arteriovenous malformation of the atrium: a novel technique. Ochsner J. 2019;19(1):54\u201358."},{"issue":"12","key":"b17","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"2358","article-title":"Risk factors for early brain AVM rupture: cohort study of pediatric and adult patients","volume":"41","author":"Garzelli L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garzelli L, Shotar E, Blauwblomme T,  Risk factors for early brain AVM rupture: cohort study of pediatric and adult patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41(12):2358\u20132363."},{"issue":"5","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"597","article-title":"Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous shunts in infants weighing less than 5 kg","volume":"23","author":"Puccinelli F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Puccinelli F, Tran Dong MNTK, Iacobucci M,  Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous shunts in infants weighing less than 5 kg. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019;23(5):597\u2013605."},{"issue":"6","key":"b19","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"277","article-title":"Choices in the 1990s for the management of pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations","volume":"25","author":"Humphreys RP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Humphreys RP, Hoffman HJ, Drake JM, Rutka JT. Choices in the 1990s for the management of pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1996;25(6):277\u2013285."},{"issue":"7","key":"b20","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Surgical strategies for management of pediatric arteriovenous malformation rupture: the role of initial decompressive craniectomy","volume":"36","author":"LoPresti MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"LoPresti MA, Goethe EA, Lam S. Surgical strategies for management of pediatric arteriovenous malformation rupture: the role of initial decompressive craniectomy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2020;36(7):1445\u20131452."},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"127","article-title":"Choroid plexus arteriovenous malformation in a full-term neonate. Case report","volume":"72","author":"Wakai S","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wakai S, Andoh Y, Nagai M, Teramoto C, Tanaka G. Choroid plexus arteriovenous malformation in a full-term neonate. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1990;72(1):127\u2013129."},{"issue":"2B","key":"b22","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","first-page":"528","article-title":"Ventricular arteriovenous malformation bleeding: a rare cause of headache in children. Case report","volume":"62","author":"da Silva HM","year":"2004","unstructured":"da Silva HM, da Silva LRF, Paschoal EHA, Chaddad Neto FEA, Bordini CA, Speciali JG. Ventricular arteriovenous malformation bleeding: a rare cause of headache in children. Case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2004;62(2B):528\u2013530."},{"issue":"6","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"626","article-title":"Neuroendoscopic lavage for the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in neonates","volume":"13","author":"Schulz M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schulz M, B\u00fchrer C, Pohl-Schickinger A, Haberl H, Thomale UW. Neuroendoscopic lavage for the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in neonates. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;13(6):626\u2013635."},{"issue":"5","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"497","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations: long-term outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Chen CJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen CJ, Lee CC, Kano H,  Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations: long-term outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;25(5):497\u2013505."},{"issue":"6","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1416","article-title":"Gamma Knife surgery for arteriovenous malformations within or adjacent to the ventricles","volume":"121","author":"Bowden G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bowden G, Kano H, Yang HC, Niranjan A, Flickinger J, Lunsford LD. Gamma Knife surgery for arteriovenous malformations within or adjacent to the ventricles. J Neurosurg. 2014;121(6):1416\u20131423."},{"issue":"3","key":"b26","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Radiation dose-volume effects in the brain","volume":"76","author":"Lawrence YR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lawrence YR, Li XA, el Naqa I,  Radiation dose-volume effects in the brain. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76(3)(suppl):S20\u2013S27."},{"issue":"6","key":"b27","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1664","article-title":"Long-term outcome of 106 consecutive pediatric ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations after combined treatment","volume":"45","author":"Blauwblomme T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blauwblomme T, Bourgeois M, Meyer P,  Long-term outcome of 106 consecutive pediatric ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations after combined treatment. Stroke. 2014;45(6):1664\u20131671."},{"issue":"2","key":"b28","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"237","article-title":"Joint quality improvement guidelines for pediatric arterial access and arteriography: from the Societies of Interventional Radiology and Pediatric Radiology","volume":"40","author":"Heran MKS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heran MKS, Marshalleck F, Temple M,  Joint quality improvement guidelines for pediatric arterial access and arteriography: from the Societies of Interventional Radiology and Pediatric Radiology. Pediatr Radiol. 2010;40(2):237\u2013250."},{"issue":"8","key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"762","article-title":"Pediatric diagnostic cerebral angiography: practice recommendations from the SNIS Pediatric Committee","volume":"13","author":"Chaudhary N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaudhary N, Elijovich L, Martinez M,  Pediatric diagnostic cerebral angiography: practice recommendations from the SNIS Pediatric Committee. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021;13(8):762\u2013766."},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"431","article-title":"Onyx embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients","volume":"11","author":"Soltanolkotabi M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soltanolkotabi M, Schoeneman SE, Alden TD,  Onyx embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2013;11(4):431\u2013437."},{"issue":"4","key":"b31","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"647","article-title":"Clinical features and endovascular treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients","volume":"30","author":"Zheng T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zheng T, Wang QJ, Liu YQ,  Clinical features and endovascular treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30(4):647\u2013653."},{"issue":"10","key":"b32","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Endovascular management of arteriovenous malformations and other intracranial arteriovenous shunts in neonates, infants, and children","volume":"26","author":"Berenstein A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berenstein A, Ortiz R, Niimi Y,  Endovascular management of arteriovenous malformations and other intracranial arteriovenous shunts in neonates, infants, and children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;26(10):1345\u20131358."},{"issue":"11","key":"b33","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Simple technique of head fixation for image-guided neurosurgery in infants","volume":"22","author":"Agrawal D","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agrawal D, Steinbok P. Simple technique of head fixation for image-guided neurosurgery in infants. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006;22(11):1473\u20131474."},{"issue":"1","key":"b34","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"159","article-title":"Customizable rigid head fixation for infants: technical note","volume":"32","author":"Udayakumaran S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Udayakumaran S, Onyia CU. Customizable rigid head fixation for infants: technical note. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016;32(1):159\u2013161."},{"issue":"8","key":"b35","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"917","article-title":"Depressed skull fracture and epidural hematoma from head fixation with pins for craniotomy in children","volume":"24","author":"Vitali AM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vitali AM, Steinbok P. Depressed skull fracture and epidural hematoma from head fixation with pins for craniotomy in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2008;24(8):917\u2013925."},{"issue":"3","key":"b36","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"229","article-title":"Brain vein disorders in newborn infants","volume":"57","author":"Raets M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raets M, Dudink J, Raybaud C, Ramenghi L, Lequin M, Govaert P. Brain vein disorders in newborn infants. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57(3):229\u2013240."},{"issue":"7","key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE21292","article-title":"Paramedian transparietal approach to a dominant hemisphere intraventricular meningioma: illustrative case","volume":"2","author":"Andrews JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andrews JP, Arora T, Theodosopoulos P, Berger MS. Paramedian transparietal approach to a dominant hemisphere intraventricular meningioma: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2021;2(7):CASE21292."},{"issue":"6","key":"b38","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Transcortical surgery for lateral ventricular tumors","volume":"10","author":"Ellenbogen RG","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ellenbogen RG. Transcortical surgery for lateral ventricular tumors. Neurosurg Focus. 2001;10(6):E2."},{"issue":"21","key":"b39","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"2644","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Stroke Association","volume":"103","author":"Ogilvy CS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ogilvy CS, Stieg PE, Awad I,  Recommendations for the management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Stroke Association. Circulation. 2001;103(21):2644\u20132657."},{"issue":"2","key":"b40","series-title":"Anesthesiol Clin North America","first-page":"229","article-title":"Pediatric neuroanesthesia. Arteriovenous malformations","volume":"19","author":"Newfield P","year":"2001","unstructured":"Newfield P, Hamid RK. Pediatric neuroanesthesia. Arteriovenous malformations. Anesthesiol Clin North America. 2001;19(2):229\u2013235."},{"issue":"9","key":"b41","series-title":"Korean J Pediatr","first-page":"265","article-title":"Transfusion practice in neonates","volume":"61","author":"Kim DH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim DH. Transfusion practice in neonates. Korean J Pediatr. 2018;61(9):265\u2013270."},{"issue":"5","key":"b42","series-title":"Indian J Anaesth","first-page":"652","article-title":"Perioperative neonatal and paediatric blood transfusion","volume":"58","author":"Bharadwaj A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bharadwaj A, Khandelwal M, Bhargava SK. Perioperative neonatal and paediatric blood transfusion. Indian J Anaesth. 2014;58(5):652\u2013657."},{"issue":"2","key":"b43","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"191","article-title":"Blood loss and short-term outcome of infants undergoing brain tumour removal","volume":"90","author":"Piastra M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Piastra M, Di Rocco C, Caresta E,  Blood loss and short-term outcome of infants undergoing brain tumour removal. J Neurooncol. 2008;90(2):191\u2013200."},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Burns Trauma","first-page":"24","article-title":"Children are not little adults: blood transfusion in children with burn injury","volume":"5","author":"Palmieri TL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palmieri TL. Children are not little adults: blood transfusion in children with burn injury. Burns Trauma. 2017;5:24."},{"issue":"2","key":"b45","series-title":"Crit Care Nurs Q","first-page":"202","article-title":"Neonatal blood loss risks","volume":"42","author":"Fikac L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fikac L. Neonatal blood loss risks. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2019;42(2):202\u2013204."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"b1","series-title":"Intervent Neurol","first-page":"218","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population: review of the existing literature","volume":"5","author":"El-Ghanem M","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Ghanem M, Kass-Hout T, Kass-Hout O,  Arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population: review of the existing literature. Intervent Neurol. 2016;5(3\u20134):218\u2013225."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med","first-page":"7","article-title":"Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: Examining rehabilitation outcomes","volume":"13","author":"LoPresti MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"LoPresti MA, Giridharan N, Pyarali M,  Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: Examining rehabilitation outcomes. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2020;13(1):7\u201315."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"437","article-title":"Natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Gross BA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gross BA, Du R. Natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2013;118(2):437\u2013443."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"127","article-title":"International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: Predictors of hemorrhagic presentation","volume":"19","author":"Ding D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H,  International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: Predictors of hemorrhagic presentation. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017;19(2):127\u2013135."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"540","article-title":"Management of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: experience with multimodality therapy","volume":"69","author":"Darsaut TE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Darsaut TE, Guzman R, Marcellus ML,  Management of pediatric intracranial arteriovenous malformations: experience with multimodality therapy. Neurosurgery. 2011;69(3):540\u2013556."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","first-page":"40","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations of the brain in children: a forty year experience","volume":"19","author":"Kondziolka D","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kondziolka D, Humphreys RP, Hoffman HJ, Hendrick EB, Drake JM. Arteriovenous malformations of the brain in children: a forty year experience. Can J Neurol Sci. 1992;19(1):40\u201345."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"343","article-title":"The factors associated with hemorrhagic presentation in children with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Ai X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ai X, Ye Z, Xu J, You C, Jiang Y. The factors associated with hemorrhagic presentation in children with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;23(3):343\u2013354."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"82","article-title":"Superior outcomes in children compared with adults after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations","volume":"105","author":"Sanchez-Mejia RO","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sanchez-Mejia RO, Chennupati SK, Gupta N, Fullerton H, Young WL, Lawton MT. Superior outcomes in children compared with adults after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 2006;105(2 suppl):82\u201387."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Eur J Radiol","first-page":"8","article-title":"Safety and outcome of combined endovascular and surgical management of low grade cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children compared to surgery alone","volume":"116","author":"Al-Smadi AS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Smadi AS, Ansari SA, Shokuhfar T,  Safety and outcome of combined endovascular and surgical management of low grade cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children compared to surgery alone. Eur J Radiol. 2019;116:8\u201313."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"287","article-title":"Ventricular\/paraventricular small arteriovenous malformations: role of embolisation with cyanoacrylate","volume":"47","author":"Oran I","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oran I, Parildar M, Derbent A. Ventricular\/paraventricular small arteriovenous malformations: role of embolisation with cyanoacrylate. Neuroradiology. 2005;47(4):287\u2013294."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"18","article-title":"Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the lateral ventricle","volume":"8","author":"Waga S","year":"1986","unstructured":"Waga S. Surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the lateral ventricle. Neurol Res. 1986;8(1):18\u201324."},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"708","article-title":"Surgical management of arteriovenous malformations that follow the tentorial ring","volume":"18","author":"Solomon RA","year":"1986","unstructured":"Solomon RA, Stein BM. Surgical management of arteriovenous malformations that follow the tentorial ring. Neurosurgery. 1986;18(6):708\u2013715."},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"511","article-title":"Surgical approaches to trigonal arteriovenous malformations","volume":"67","author":"Batjer H","year":"1987","unstructured":"Batjer H, Samson D. Surgical approaches to trigonal arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1987;67(4):511\u2013517."},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"201","article-title":"Choroid plexus arteriovenous malformations","volume":"32","author":"Miyasaka Y","year":"1992","unstructured":"Miyasaka Y, Yada K, Ohwada T,  Choroid plexus arteriovenous malformations. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1992;32(4):201\u2013206."},{"issue":"5","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"653","article-title":"Microsurgery for 67 intracranial arteriovenous malformations less than 3 cm in diameter","volume":"79","author":"Sisti MB","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sisti MB, Kader A, Stein BM. Microsurgery for 67 intracranial arteriovenous malformations less than 3 cm in diameter. J Neurosurg. 1993;79(5):653\u2013660."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Ochsner J","first-page":"54","article-title":"Interhemispheric paracallosal approach for an arteriovenous malformation of the atrium: a novel technique","volume":"19","author":"Valle-Giler EP","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valle-Giler EP, Gouveia EE, Smith RD. Interhemispheric paracallosal approach for an arteriovenous malformation of the atrium: a novel technique. Ochsner J. 2019;19(1):54\u201358."},{"issue":"12","key":"b17","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"2358","article-title":"Risk factors for early brain AVM rupture: cohort study of pediatric and adult patients","volume":"41","author":"Garzelli L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garzelli L, Shotar E, Blauwblomme T,  Risk factors for early brain AVM rupture: cohort study of pediatric and adult patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41(12):2358\u20132363."},{"issue":"5","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"597","article-title":"Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous shunts in infants weighing less than 5 kg","volume":"23","author":"Puccinelli F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Puccinelli F, Tran Dong MNTK, Iacobucci M,  Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous shunts in infants weighing less than 5 kg. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019;23(5):597\u2013605."},{"issue":"6","key":"b19","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","first-page":"277","article-title":"Choices in the 1990s for the management of pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations","volume":"25","author":"Humphreys RP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Humphreys RP, Hoffman HJ, Drake JM, Rutka JT. Choices in the 1990s for the management of pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Pediatr Neurosurg. 1996;25(6):277\u2013285."},{"issue":"7","key":"b20","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1445","article-title":"Surgical strategies for management of pediatric arteriovenous malformation rupture: the role of initial decompressive craniectomy","volume":"36","author":"LoPresti MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"LoPresti MA, Goethe EA, Lam S. Surgical strategies for management of pediatric arteriovenous malformation rupture: the role of initial decompressive craniectomy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2020;36(7):1445\u20131452."},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"127","article-title":"Choroid plexus arteriovenous malformation in a full-term neonate. Case report","volume":"72","author":"Wakai S","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wakai S, Andoh Y, Nagai M, Teramoto C, Tanaka G. Choroid plexus arteriovenous malformation in a full-term neonate. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1990;72(1):127\u2013129."},{"issue":"2B","key":"b22","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","first-page":"528","article-title":"Ventricular arteriovenous malformation bleeding: a rare cause of headache in children. Case report","volume":"62","author":"da Silva HM","year":"2004","unstructured":"da Silva HM, da Silva LRF, Paschoal EHA, Chaddad Neto FEA, Bordini CA, Speciali JG. Ventricular arteriovenous malformation bleeding: a rare cause of headache in children. Case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2004;62(2B):528\u2013530."},{"issue":"6","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"626","article-title":"Neuroendoscopic lavage for the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in neonates","volume":"13","author":"Schulz M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schulz M, B\u00fchrer C, Pohl-Schickinger A, Haberl H, Thomale UW. Neuroendoscopic lavage for the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in neonates. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;13(6):626\u2013635."},{"issue":"5","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"497","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations: long-term outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Chen CJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen CJ, Lee CC, Kano H,  Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations: long-term outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;25(5):497\u2013505."},{"issue":"6","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1416","article-title":"Gamma Knife surgery for arteriovenous malformations within or adjacent to the ventricles","volume":"121","author":"Bowden G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bowden G, Kano H, Yang HC, Niranjan A, Flickinger J, Lunsford LD. Gamma Knife surgery for arteriovenous malformations within or adjacent to the ventricles. J Neurosurg. 2014;121(6):1416\u20131423."},{"issue":"3","key":"b26","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Radiation dose-volume effects in the brain","volume":"76","author":"Lawrence YR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lawrence YR, Li XA, el Naqa I,  Radiation dose-volume effects in the brain. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76(3)(suppl):S20\u2013S27."},{"issue":"6","key":"b27","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1664","article-title":"Long-term outcome of 106 consecutive pediatric ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations after combined treatment","volume":"45","author":"Blauwblomme T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blauwblomme T, Bourgeois M, Meyer P,  Long-term outcome of 106 consecutive pediatric ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations after combined treatment. Stroke. 2014;45(6):1664\u20131671."},{"issue":"2","key":"b28","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"237","article-title":"Joint quality improvement guidelines for pediatric arterial access and arteriography: from the Societies of Interventional Radiology and Pediatric Radiology","volume":"40","author":"Heran MKS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heran MKS, Marshalleck F, Temple M,  Joint quality improvement guidelines for pediatric arterial access and arteriography: from the Societies of Interventional Radiology and Pediatric Radiology. Pediatr Radiol. 2010;40(2):237\u2013250."},{"issue":"8","key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"762","article-title":"Pediatric diagnostic cerebral angiography: practice recommendations from the SNIS Pediatric Committee","volume":"13","author":"Chaudhary N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaudhary N, Elijovich L, Martinez M,  Pediatric diagnostic cerebral angiography: practice recommendations from the SNIS Pediatric Committee. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021;13(8):762\u2013766."},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"431","article-title":"Onyx embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients","volume":"11","author":"Soltanolkotabi M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soltanolkotabi M, Schoeneman SE, Alden TD,  Onyx embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2013;11(4):431\u2013437."},{"issue":"4","key":"b31","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"647","article-title":"Clinical features and endovascular treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients","volume":"30","author":"Zheng T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zheng T, Wang QJ, Liu YQ,  Clinical features and endovascular treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30(4):647\u2013653."},{"issue":"10","key":"b32","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Endovascular management of arteriovenous malformations and other intracranial arteriovenous shunts in neonates, infants, and children","volume":"26","author":"Berenstein A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berenstein A, Ortiz R, Niimi Y,  Endovascular management of arteriovenous malformations and other intracranial arteriovenous shunts in neonates, infants, and children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;26(10):1345\u20131358."},{"issue":"11","key":"b33","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Simple technique of head fixation for image-guided neurosurgery in infants","volume":"22","author":"Agrawal D","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agrawal D, Steinbok P. Simple technique of head fixation for image-guided neurosurgery in infants. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006;22(11):1473\u20131474."},{"issue":"1","key":"b34","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"159","article-title":"Customizable rigid head fixation for infants: technical note","volume":"32","author":"Udayakumaran S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Udayakumaran S, Onyia CU. Customizable rigid head fixation for infants: technical note. Childs Nerv Syst. 2016;32(1):159\u2013161."},{"issue":"8","key":"b35","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"917","article-title":"Depressed skull fracture and epidural hematoma from head fixation with pins for craniotomy in children","volume":"24","author":"Vitali AM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vitali AM, Steinbok P. Depressed skull fracture and epidural hematoma from head fixation with pins for craniotomy in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2008;24(8):917\u2013925."},{"issue":"3","key":"b36","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"229","article-title":"Brain vein disorders in newborn infants","volume":"57","author":"Raets M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raets M, Dudink J, Raybaud C, Ramenghi L, Lequin M, Govaert P. Brain vein disorders in newborn infants. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57(3):229\u2013240."},{"issue":"7","key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE21292","article-title":"Paramedian transparietal approach to a dominant hemisphere intraventricular meningioma: illustrative case","volume":"2","author":"Andrews JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andrews JP, Arora T, Theodosopoulos P, Berger MS. Paramedian transparietal approach to a dominant hemisphere intraventricular meningioma: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2021;2(7):CASE21292."},{"issue":"6","key":"b38","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Transcortical surgery for lateral ventricular tumors","volume":"10","author":"Ellenbogen RG","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ellenbogen RG. Transcortical surgery for lateral ventricular tumors. Neurosurg Focus. 2001;10(6):E2."},{"issue":"21","key":"b39","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"2644","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Stroke Association","volume":"103","author":"Ogilvy CS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ogilvy CS, Stieg PE, Awad I,  Recommendations for the management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Stroke Association. Circulation. 2001;103(21):2644\u20132657."},{"issue":"2","key":"b40","series-title":"Anesthesiol Clin North America","first-page":"229","article-title":"Pediatric neuroanesthesia. Arteriovenous malformations","volume":"19","author":"Newfield P","year":"2001","unstructured":"Newfield P, Hamid RK. Pediatric neuroanesthesia. Arteriovenous malformations. Anesthesiol Clin North America. 2001;19(2):229\u2013235."},{"issue":"9","key":"b41","series-title":"Korean J Pediatr","first-page":"265","article-title":"Transfusion practice in neonates","volume":"61","author":"Kim DH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim DH. Transfusion practice in neonates. Korean J Pediatr. 2018;61(9):265\u2013270."},{"issue":"5","key":"b42","series-title":"Indian J Anaesth","first-page":"652","article-title":"Perioperative neonatal and paediatric blood transfusion","volume":"58","author":"Bharadwaj A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bharadwaj A, Khandelwal M, Bhargava SK. Perioperative neonatal and paediatric blood transfusion. Indian J Anaesth. 2014;58(5):652\u2013657."},{"issue":"2","key":"b43","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"191","article-title":"Blood loss and short-term outcome of infants undergoing brain tumour removal","volume":"90","author":"Piastra M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Piastra M, Di Rocco C, Caresta E,  Blood loss and short-term outcome of infants undergoing brain tumour removal. J Neurooncol. 2008;90(2):191\u2013200."},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Burns Trauma","first-page":"24","article-title":"Children are not little adults: blood transfusion in children with burn injury","volume":"5","author":"Palmieri TL","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palmieri TL. Children are not little adults: blood transfusion in children with burn injury. Burns Trauma. 2017;5:24."},{"issue":"2","key":"b45","series-title":"Crit Care Nurs Q","first-page":"202","article-title":"Neonatal blood loss risks","volume":"42","author":"Fikac L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fikac L. Neonatal blood loss risks. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2019;42(2):202\u2013204."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/6\/15\/article-CASE23323.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/6\/15\/article-CASE23323.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/6\/15\/article-CASE23323.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:36:19Z","timestamp":1770302179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/6\/15\/article-CASE23323.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case23323","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]}}}