{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:15:43Z","timestamp":1787062543635,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF) are options for patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Combining both procedures in patients with double curves, a procedure in which PSF is performed for the thoracic curve and AVBT for the lumbar curve, provides maximal correction of the thoracic curve with a theoretical maintenance of motion in the lumbar spine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors retrospectively reviewed 20 skeletally immature patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis at a single institution with an average age of 12.7 \u00b1 1.6 years and who had undergone hybrid treatment with an average follow-up of 8 months. The PSF procedures averaged 276 \u00b1 63 minutes with 442.8 \u00b1 295 mL of blood loss, and the AVBT averaged 275 \u00b1 54 minutes with 118.3 \u00b1 80 mL of blood loss. Following the hybrid correction, the thoracic and lumbar coronal curve angles improved from 67.6\u00b0 to 21.6\u00b0 and from 65.2\u00b0 to 24\u00b0, respectively. The three-dimensional kyphosis improved from 3.3\u00b0 to 24\u00b0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A combined approach of PSF and AVBT is safe and effective for idiopathic scoliosis. This approach combines the gold standard of thoracic fusion with the motion preservation benefits of AVBT in the lumbar spine. This study will continue to refine indications for AVBT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T20:28:52Z","timestamp":1696883332000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Early outcomes in hybrid fixation for idiopathic scoliosis: posterior fusion combined with anterior vertebral body tethering. Patient series"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cherian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer F","family":"Samdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J","family":"Sch\u00fcpper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan A","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"},{"name":"Brain and Spine Institute at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zan","family":"Naseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"},{"name":"Brain and Spine Institute at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M","family":"Pahys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Nice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research, Shriners Children\u2019s \u2013 Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"J Clin Med","first-page":"264","article-title":"Evaluation of brace treatment using the soft brace Spinaposture: a four-years follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Wong C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong C, Andersen TB. Evaluation of brace treatment using the soft brace Spinaposture: a four-years follow-up. J Clin Med. 2022;11(1):264."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Ann Transl Med","first-page":"28","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: indications for bracing and conservative treatments","volume":"8","author":"Kaelin AJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaelin AJ. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: indications for bracing and conservative treatments. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(2):28."},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"Asian Spine J","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Long-term effects of untreated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Weiss HR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weiss HR, Karavidas N, Moramarco M, Moramarco K. Long-term effects of untreated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of the literature. Asian Spine J. 2016;10(6):1163\u20131169."},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"275","article-title":"Spinal range of motion, muscle endurance, and back pain and function at least 20 years after fusion or brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study","volume":"31","author":"Danielsson AJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Danielsson AJ, Romberg K, Nachemson AL. Spinal range of motion, muscle endurance, and back pain and function at least 20 years after fusion or brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(3):275\u2013283."},{"issue":"7","key":"b5","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"1533","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering for immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: one-year results on the first 32 patients","volume":"24","author":"Samdani AF","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samdani AF, Ames RJ, Kimball JS,  Anterior vertebral body tethering for immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: one-year results on the first 32 patients. Eur Spine J. 2015;24(7):1533\u20131539."},{"issue":"20","key":"b6","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1688","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: two-year results","volume":"39","author":"Samdani AF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Samdani AF, Ames RJ, Kimball JS,  Anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: two-year results. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39(20):1688\u20131693."},{"issue":"17","key":"b7","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1611","article-title":"Prospective follow-up report on anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: interim results from an FDA IDE study","volume":"103","author":"Samdani AF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samdani AF, Pahys JM, Ames RJ,  Prospective follow-up report on anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: interim results from an FDA IDE study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021;103(17):1611\u20131619."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"140","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of anterior vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"32","author":"Mariscal G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mariscal G, Morales J, P\u00e9rez S,  Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of anterior vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. 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Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(20):2198\u20132204."},{"issue":"22","key":"b15","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E1405","article-title":"Loss in spinal motion from inclusion of a single midlumbar level in posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"38","author":"Lee MC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee MC, \u00d5unpuu S, Solomito M, Smith BG, Thomson JD. Loss in spinal motion from inclusion of a single midlumbar level in posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(22):E1405\u2013E1410."},{"key":"b16","article-title":"FDA approves first of its kind device to treat pediatric patients with progressive idiopathic scoliosis","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first of its kind device to treat pediatric patients with progressive idiopathic scoliosis. Published 2019. 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J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(1):202\u2013209."},{"issue":"2","key":"b18","series-title":"JB JS Open Access","first-page":"e21.00002","article-title":"Complications, reoperations, and mid-term outcomes following anterior vertebral body tethering versus posterior spinal fusion: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Shin M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shin M, Arguelles GR, Cahill PJ, Flynn JM, Baldwin KD, Anari JB. Complications, reoperations, and mid-term outcomes following anterior vertebral body tethering versus posterior spinal fusion: a meta-analysis. JB JS Open Access. 2021;6(2):e21.00002."},{"issue":"19","key":"b19","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1691","article-title":"Anterior spinal growth tethering for skeletally immature patients with scoliosis: a retrospective look two to four years postoperatively","volume":"100","author":"Newton PO","year":"2018","unstructured":"Newton PO, Kluck DG, Saito W, Yaszay B, Bartley CE, Bastrom TP. Anterior spinal growth tethering for skeletally immature patients with scoliosis: a retrospective look two to four years postoperatively. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100(19):1691\u20131697."},{"issue":"9","key":"b20","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"2348","article-title":"Analysis of the risk factors for early tether breakage following vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"31","author":"Baroncini A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baroncini A, Trobisch P, Eschweiler J, Migliorini F. Analysis of the risk factors for early tether breakage following vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J. 2022;31(9):2348\u20132354."},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"J Clin Med","first-page":"264","article-title":"Evaluation of brace treatment using the soft brace Spinaposture: a four-years follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Wong C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong C, Andersen TB. Evaluation of brace treatment using the soft brace Spinaposture: a four-years follow-up. J Clin Med. 2022;11(1):264."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Ann Transl Med","first-page":"28","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: indications for bracing and conservative treatments","volume":"8","author":"Kaelin AJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaelin AJ. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: indications for bracing and conservative treatments. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(2):28."},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"Asian Spine J","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Long-term effects of untreated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Weiss HR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weiss HR, Karavidas N, Moramarco M, Moramarco K. Long-term effects of untreated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review of the literature. Asian Spine J. 2016;10(6):1163\u20131169."},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"275","article-title":"Spinal range of motion, muscle endurance, and back pain and function at least 20 years after fusion or brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study","volume":"31","author":"Danielsson AJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Danielsson AJ, Romberg K, Nachemson AL. Spinal range of motion, muscle endurance, and back pain and function at least 20 years after fusion or brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(3):275\u2013283."},{"issue":"7","key":"b5","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"1533","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering for immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: one-year results on the first 32 patients","volume":"24","author":"Samdani AF","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samdani AF, Ames RJ, Kimball JS,  Anterior vertebral body tethering for immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: one-year results on the first 32 patients. Eur Spine J. 2015;24(7):1533\u20131539."},{"issue":"20","key":"b6","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1688","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: two-year results","volume":"39","author":"Samdani AF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Samdani AF, Ames RJ, Kimball JS,  Anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: two-year results. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39(20):1688\u20131693."},{"issue":"17","key":"b7","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1611","article-title":"Prospective follow-up report on anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: interim results from an FDA IDE study","volume":"103","author":"Samdani AF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samdani AF, Pahys JM, Ames RJ,  Prospective follow-up report on anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: interim results from an FDA IDE study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021;103(17):1611\u20131619."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"140","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of anterior vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"32","author":"Mariscal G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mariscal G, Morales J, P\u00e9rez S,  Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of anterior vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J. 2023;32(1):140\u2013148."},{"issue":"17","key":"b9","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1563","article-title":"Trunk range of motion and patient outcomes after anterior vertebral body tethering versus posterior spinal fusion: comparison using computerized 3D motion capture technology","volume":"104","author":"Pahys JM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pahys JM, Samdani AF, Hwang SW, Warshauer S, Gaughan JP, Chafetz RS. Trunk range of motion and patient outcomes after anterior vertebral body tethering versus posterior spinal fusion: comparison using computerized 3D motion capture technology. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022;104(17):1563\u20131572."},{"issue":"5","key":"b10","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Vertebral body tethering compared to posterior spinal fusion for skeletally immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: preliminary results from a matched case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Mathew SE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mathew SE, Hargiss JB, Milbrandt TA, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN. Vertebral body tethering compared to posterior spinal fusion for skeletally immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: preliminary results from a matched case-control study. Spine Deform. 2022;10(5):1123\u20131131."},{"issue":"3","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"159","article-title":"Predicting 3D thoracic kyphosis using traditional 2D radiographic measurements in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"5","author":"Parvaresh KC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parvaresh KC, Osborn EJ, Reighard FG, Doan J, Bastrom TP, Newton PO. Predicting 3D thoracic kyphosis using traditional 2D radiographic measurements in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine Deform. 2017;5(3):159\u2013165."},{"issue":"2","key":"b12","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"625","article-title":"Operative differences for posterior spinal fusion after vertebral body tethering: are we fusing more levels in the end?","volume":"32","author":"Boeyer ME","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boeyer ME, Groneck A, Alanay A,  Operative differences for posterior spinal fusion after vertebral body tethering: are we fusing more levels in the end? Eur Spine J. 2023;32(2):625\u2013633."},{"issue":"18","key":"b13","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E373","article-title":"Back pain and function 23 years after fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study-part II","volume":"28","author":"Danielsson AJ","year":"2003","unstructured":"Danielsson AJ, Nachemson AL. Back pain and function 23 years after fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study-part II. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003;28(18):E373\u2013E383."},{"issue":"20","key":"b14","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"2198","article-title":"Low back pain in patients treated surgically for scoliosis: longer than sixteen-year follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Takayama K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Takayama K, Nakamura H, Matsuda H. Low back pain in patients treated surgically for scoliosis: longer than sixteen-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(20):2198\u20132204."},{"issue":"22","key":"b15","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E1405","article-title":"Loss in spinal motion from inclusion of a single midlumbar level in posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"38","author":"Lee MC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee MC, \u00d5unpuu S, Solomito M, Smith BG, Thomson JD. Loss in spinal motion from inclusion of a single midlumbar level in posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(22):E1405\u2013E1410."},{"key":"b16","article-title":"FDA approves first of its kind device to treat pediatric patients with progressive idiopathic scoliosis","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first of its kind device to treat pediatric patients with progressive idiopathic scoliosis. Published 2019. 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Anterior spinal growth tethering for skeletally immature patients with scoliosis: a retrospective look two to four years postoperatively. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100(19):1691\u20131697."},{"issue":"9","key":"b20","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"2348","article-title":"Analysis of the risk factors for early tether breakage following vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"31","author":"Baroncini A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baroncini A, Trobisch P, Eschweiler J, Migliorini F. Analysis of the risk factors for early tether breakage following vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. 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