{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T05:19:58Z","timestamp":1774415998790,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No universal protocol exists for treating cerebral abscesses in Down syndrome. An illustrative case supplemented with a systematic literature review on brain abscesses in Down syndrome is presented, comprising a total of 16 cases. Preoperative infectious disease workups, cardiac examinations including echocardiography, as well as reported surgical and antibiotic treatments were correlated in the reported cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 18.8% of cases (n = 3) had no reported cardiac evaluation. The majority of cases were treated surgically (n = 8), with aspiration (n = 3), drainage (n = 2), or other operations (n = 3); 25% (n = 4) were treated with antibiotics only. Strikingly, 25% of cases (n = 4) reported neither surgical nor antibiotic therapy, a significantly higher rate compared to 0%\u20133% of patients with brain abscess in other reported cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Half of the patients (n = 8) who died either lacked a cardiac evaluation or had existing heart conditions. This mortality rate was about 4 times higher than the rates observed in other studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Down syndrome patients with cerebral abscess have a high morbidity rate, mainly due to cardiac disease. Therefore, early diagnostic workup, including echocardiography, allows proactive management with an improved outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE23394\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE23394<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T03:29:08Z","timestamp":1725852548000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cerebral abscess in Down syndrome: a systematic review on treatment and prognosis. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Preci","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Cornwall Regional Hospital, Montego Bay, Jamaica"},{"name":"Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Valentin Eisenring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, FMH, Hirslanden Klinik Hirslanden, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waseem","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Alexandria University School of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Vasankari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Rossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Veldeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jitendra","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nepal Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bib1","series-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Otolaryngologic manifestations of Down syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Kanamori","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kanamori GWitter MBrown JWilliams-Smith L. Otolaryngologic manifestations of Down syndrome. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2000;33(6):1285-1292."},{"issue":"15","key":"bib2","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"1645","article-title":"Atrial septal defects in the adult: recent progress and overview","volume":"114","author":"Webb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Webb GGatzoulis MA. Atrial septal defects in the adult: recent progress and overview. Circulation. 2006;114(15):1645-1653."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr","first-page":"616","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in Down syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Versacci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Versacci PDi Carlo DDigilio MCMarino B. Cardiovascular disease in Down syndrome. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2018;30(5):616-622."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4","series-title":"Pulm Circ","first-page":"2045894018811147","article-title":"The impact of trisomy 21 on treatment modalities and outcome in adults with congenital heart disease in Switzerland","volume":"9","author":"Johannes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johannes JGreutmann MTobler D, et al. The impact of trisomy 21 on treatment modalities and outcome in adults with congenital heart disease in Switzerland. Pulm Circ. 2019;9(1):2045894018811147."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"bib5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"716","article-title":"Brain abscess: management and outcome analysis of a computed tomography era experience with 973 patients","volume":"75","author":"Nathoo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nathoo NNadvi SSNarotam PKvan Dellen JR. Brain abscess: management and outcome analysis of a computed tomography era experience with 973 patients. World Neurosurg. 2011;75(5-6):716-726."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e697","article-title":"Retrospective review of the clinical outcomes of surgically managed patients with intracranial abscesses: a single-center review","volume":"165","author":"Kameda-Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kameda-Smith MMDuda TDuncan DB, et al. Retrospective review of the clinical outcomes of surgically managed patients with intracranial abscesses: a single-center review. World Neurosurg. 2022;165:e697-e711."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess","volume":"146","author":"Bodilsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bodilsen JDuerlund LSMariager T, et al. Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess. Brain. 2023;146(4):1637-1647."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib8","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Bacterial brain abscess: an outline for diagnosis and management","volume":"134","author":"Corsini Campioli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corsini Campioli CCastillo Almeida NEO\u2019Horo JC, et al. Bacterial brain abscess: an outline for diagnosis and management. Am J Med. 2021;134(10):1210-1217.e2."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"447","article-title":"Brain abscess","volume":"371","author":"Brouwer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brouwer MCTunkel ARMcKhann GMvan de Beek D. Brain abscess. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):447-456."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"105906","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJMcKenzie JEBossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int J Surg. 2021;88:105906."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11","series-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"426","article-title":"Group B streptococcal endocarditis in Down's syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Billheden","year":"1987","unstructured":"Billheden JSchliamser SEriksson PNorrby RS. Group B streptococcal endocarditis in Down's syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1987;6(4):426-427."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"191","article-title":"Seizures in children with Down syndrome: etiology, characteristics and outcome","volume":"33","author":"Stafstrom","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stafstrom CEPatxot OFGilmore HEWisniewski KE. Seizures in children with Down syndrome: etiology, characteristics and outcome. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1991;33(3):191-200."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"bib13","series-title":"Acta Neurochir","first-page":"15","article-title":"Stereotactic aspiration of brain abscesses: is this the treatment of choice?","volume":"121","author":"Stapleton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stapleton SRBell BAUttley D. Stereotactic aspiration of brain abscesses: is this the treatment of choice?Acta Neurochir. 1993;121(1-2):15-19."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"645","article-title":"Norwegian scabies and a toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in a patient with trisomy 21","volume":"27","author":"Bonomo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bonomo RAJacobs MJacobs GGraham RSalata RA. Norwegian scabies and a toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in a patient with trisomy 21. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27(3):645-646."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib15","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"760","article-title":"Abiotrophia spp. brain abscess in a child with Down\u2019s syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Michelow","year":"2000","unstructured":"Michelow ICMcCracken GHJrLuckett PMKrisher K. Abiotrophia spp. brain abscess in a child with Down\u2019s syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19(8):760-763."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract","first-page":"70","article-title":"Dental management of the Down and Eisenmenger syndrome patient","volume":"5","author":"Chung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chung EMSung ECSakurai KL. Dental management of the Down and Eisenmenger syndrome patient. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2004;5(2):70-80."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"1765","article-title":"Intracerebral abscess in children: historical trends at Children\u2019s Hospital Boston","volume":"113","author":"Goodkin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goodkin HPHarper MBPomeroy SL. Intracerebral abscess in children: historical trends at Children\u2019s Hospital Boston. Pediatrics. 2004;113(6):1765-1770."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"15","article-title":"New onset focal weakness in children with Down syndrome","volume":"128A","author":"Worley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Worley GShbarou RHeffner ANBelsito KMCapone GTKishnani PS. New onset focal weakness in children with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2004;128A(1):15-18."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"443","article-title":"Management of patients with Streptococcus milleri brain abscesses","volume":"52","author":"Kowlessar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kowlessar PIO\u2019Connell NHMitchell RDElliott SElliott TS. Management of patients with Streptococcus milleri brain abscesses. J Infect. 2006;52(6):443-450."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Med Assoc Thai","first-page":"1601","article-title":"Brain abscess in infants and chil-dren: a retrospective study of 107 patients in northeast Thailand","volume":"90","author":"Auvichayapat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Auvichayapat NAuvichayapat PAungwarawong S. Brain abscess in infants and chil-dren: a retrospective study of 107 patients in northeast Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007;90(8):1601."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","series-title":"Int J Cardiol","first-page":"378","article-title":"Down patients with Eisenmenger syndrome: is bosentan treatment an option?","volume":"134","author":"Duffels","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duffels MGJVis JCvan Loon RLE, et al. Down patients with Eisenmenger syndrome: is bosentan treatment an option?Int J Cardiol. 2009;134(3):378-383."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib22","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Brain abscess in children\u2013epidemiology, predisposing factors and management in the modern medicine era","volume":"99","author":"Shachor-Meyouhas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shachor-Meyouhas YBar-Joseph GGuilburd JNLorber AHadash AKassis I. Brain abscess in children\u2013epidemiology, predisposing factors and management in the modern medicine era. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99(8):1163-1167."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","series-title":"Int J Cardiol","first-page":"64","article-title":"Prolonged beneficial effect of bosentan treatment and 4-year survival rates in adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease","volume":"164","author":"Vis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vis JCDuffels MGMulder P, et al. Prolonged beneficial effect of bosentan treatment and 4-year survival rates in adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2013;164(1):64-69."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Med Case Re-Ports","first-page":"1","article-title":"Brain tuberculoma, an un-usual cause of stroke in a child with trisomy 21: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Kheir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kheir AEIbrahim SAHamed AAYousif BMHamid FA. Brain tuberculoma, an un-usual cause of stroke in a child with trisomy 21: a case report. J Med Case Re-Ports. 2017;11(1):1-4."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib25","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1871","article-title":"Management of brain abscesses: where are we now?","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen MLow DCYLow SYYMuzumdar DSeow WT. Management of brain abscesses: where are we now?Childs Nerv Syst. 2018;34(10):1871-1880."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib26","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"246","article-title":"The role of diffusion-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic mass lesions: a report of 147 lesions","volume":"66","author":"Reddy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reddy JSMishra AMBehari S, et al. The role of diffusion-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic mass lesions: a report of 147 lesions. Surg Neurol. 2006;66(3):246-250."},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"332","article-title":"Pyogenic brain abscess, a 15 year survey","volume":"12","author":"Helweg-Larsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Helweg-Larsen JAstradsson ARichhall HErdal JLaursen ABrennum J. Pyogenic brain abscess, a 15 year survey. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:332."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28","series-title":"West Indian Med J","first-page":"212","article-title":"Brain abscess at the University Hospital of the West Indies","volume":"49","author":"Donaldson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Donaldson GWebster DCrandon IW. Brain abscess at the University Hospital of the West Indies. West Indian Med J. 2000;49(3):212-215."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"189","article-title":"Intraventricular rupture of a purulent brain abs-cess: case report","volume":"36","author":"Zeidman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zeidman SMGeisler FHOlivi A. Intraventricular rupture of a purulent brain abs-cess: case report. Neurosurgery. 1995;36(1):189-193."},{"issue":"1-4 Pt 1","key":"bib30","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"90","article-title":"Endoscopic stereotaxy-an eight year\u2019s experience","volume":"68","author":"Hellwig","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hellwig DBenes LBertalanffy HBauer BL. Endoscopic stereotaxy-an eight year\u2019s experience. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 1997;68(1-4 Pt 1):90-97."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib31","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"13","article-title":"Endoscopic management of brain abscesses","volume":"56","author":"Yadav","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yadav YRSinha M, Neha, Parihar V. Endoscopic management of brain abscesses. Neurol India. 2008;56(1):13-16."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib32","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"76","article-title":"Improved management of multiple brain abscesses: a combined surgical and medical approach","volume":"36","author":"Mamelak","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mamelak ANMampalam TJObana WGRosenblum ML. Improved management of multiple brain abscesses: a combined surgical and medical approach. Neurosurgery. 1995;36(1):76-85."},{"issue":"19","key":"bib33","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"1968","article-title":"Paradoxical embolism","volume":"122","author":"Maron","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maron BAShekar PSGoldhaber SZ. Paradoxical embolism. 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Circulation. 2006;114(15):1645-1653."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr","first-page":"616","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in Down syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Versacci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Versacci PDi Carlo DDigilio MCMarino B. Cardiovascular disease in Down syndrome. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2018;30(5):616-622."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4","series-title":"Pulm Circ","first-page":"2045894018811147","article-title":"The impact of trisomy 21 on treatment modalities and outcome in adults with congenital heart disease in Switzerland","volume":"9","author":"Johannes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johannes JGreutmann MTobler D, et al. The impact of trisomy 21 on treatment modalities and outcome in adults with congenital heart disease in Switzerland. Pulm Circ. 2019;9(1):2045894018811147."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"bib5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"716","article-title":"Brain abscess: management and outcome analysis of a computed tomography era experience with 973 patients","volume":"75","author":"Nathoo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nathoo NNadvi SSNarotam PKvan Dellen JR. Brain abscess: management and outcome analysis of a computed tomography era experience with 973 patients. World Neurosurg. 2011;75(5-6):716-726."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e697","article-title":"Retrospective review of the clinical outcomes of surgically managed patients with intracranial abscesses: a single-center review","volume":"165","author":"Kameda-Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kameda-Smith MMDuda TDuncan DB, et al. Retrospective review of the clinical outcomes of surgically managed patients with intracranial abscesses: a single-center review. World Neurosurg. 2022;165:e697-e711."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess","volume":"146","author":"Bodilsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bodilsen JDuerlund LSMariager T, et al. Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess. Brain. 2023;146(4):1637-1647."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib8","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Bacterial brain abscess: an outline for diagnosis and management","volume":"134","author":"Corsini Campioli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corsini Campioli CCastillo Almeida NEO\u2019Horo JC, et al. Bacterial brain abscess: an outline for diagnosis and management. Am J Med. 2021;134(10):1210-1217.e2."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"447","article-title":"Brain abscess","volume":"371","author":"Brouwer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brouwer MCTunkel ARMcKhann GMvan de Beek D. Brain abscess. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):447-456."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"105906","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJMcKenzie JEBossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Int J Surg. 2021;88:105906."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib11","series-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"426","article-title":"Group B streptococcal endocarditis in Down's syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Billheden","year":"1987","unstructured":"Billheden JSchliamser SEriksson PNorrby RS. Group B streptococcal endocarditis in Down's syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1987;6(4):426-427."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"191","article-title":"Seizures in children with Down syndrome: etiology, characteristics and outcome","volume":"33","author":"Stafstrom","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stafstrom CEPatxot OFGilmore HEWisniewski KE. Seizures in children with Down syndrome: etiology, characteristics and outcome. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1991;33(3):191-200."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"bib13","series-title":"Acta Neurochir","first-page":"15","article-title":"Stereotactic aspiration of brain abscesses: is this the treatment of choice?","volume":"121","author":"Stapleton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stapleton SRBell BAUttley D. Stereotactic aspiration of brain abscesses: is this the treatment of choice?Acta Neurochir. 1993;121(1-2):15-19."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"645","article-title":"Norwegian scabies and a toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in a patient with trisomy 21","volume":"27","author":"Bonomo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bonomo RAJacobs MJacobs GGraham RSalata RA. Norwegian scabies and a toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in a patient with trisomy 21. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27(3):645-646."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib15","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"760","article-title":"Abiotrophia spp. brain abscess in a child with Down\u2019s syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Michelow","year":"2000","unstructured":"Michelow ICMcCracken GHJrLuckett PMKrisher K. Abiotrophia spp. brain abscess in a child with Down\u2019s syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19(8):760-763."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract","first-page":"70","article-title":"Dental management of the Down and Eisenmenger syndrome patient","volume":"5","author":"Chung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chung EMSung ECSakurai KL. Dental management of the Down and Eisenmenger syndrome patient. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2004;5(2):70-80."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib17","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"1765","article-title":"Intracerebral abscess in children: historical trends at Children\u2019s Hospital Boston","volume":"113","author":"Goodkin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goodkin HPHarper MBPomeroy SL. Intracerebral abscess in children: historical trends at Children\u2019s Hospital Boston. Pediatrics. 2004;113(6):1765-1770."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"15","article-title":"New onset focal weakness in children with Down syndrome","volume":"128A","author":"Worley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Worley GShbarou RHeffner ANBelsito KMCapone GTKishnani PS. New onset focal weakness in children with Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2004;128A(1):15-18."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"443","article-title":"Management of patients with Streptococcus milleri brain abscesses","volume":"52","author":"Kowlessar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kowlessar PIO\u2019Connell NHMitchell RDElliott SElliott TS. Management of patients with Streptococcus milleri brain abscesses. 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