{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T05:58:17Z","timestamp":1792735097838,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endovenous stents for deep venous thrombosis treatment can be unintentionally placed in the spinal canal, resulting in neurological deficit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors report the case of a patient presenting to our institution with intraspinal misplacement of an endovenous stent, resulting in cauda equina syndrome. The authors also performed a systematic literature review, evaluating the few previously reported cases. This review was performed according to the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In four of five cases describing stent misplacement into the spinal canal, the authors report that only anteroposterior monoplanar imaging modalities were utilized for venous localization and stent deployment. The anteroposterior plane cannot assess the relative depth of structures, nor can it distinguish between superimposed structures well. Therefore, the use of biplanar imaging should at least be considered before stent deployment, as intraspinal stent placement can lead to disastrous consequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report should serve as an impetus for the use of biplanar or three-dimensional imaging modalities for iliac venous stent placement. Additionally, this work should increase spine surgeons\u2019 awareness about management and operative techniques when faced with this complication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T18:56:25Z","timestamp":1707764185000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Misplaced intraspinal venous stent causing cauda equina syndrome: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Vaibhavi","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghani","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelan J","family":"Marianayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin N","family":"Stienen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery & Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venita","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Veeravagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery & Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program","first-page":"606","article-title":"Role of venous stenting for venous thromboembolism","volume":"2020","author":"Breen K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breen K Role of venous stenting for venous thromboembolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2020;2020(1):606\u2013611."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"372","article-title":"Intraspinal iliac venous stent migration with lumbar nerve root compression","volume":"137","author":"Di Santo M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Santo M, Belhaj A, Rondelet B, Gustin T Intraspinal iliac venous stent migration with lumbar nerve root compression. World Neurosurg. 2020;137:372\u2013375."},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"763","article-title":"Microsurgical removal of a misplaced intraspinal venous stent in a patient with inferior vena cava atresia","volume":"32","author":"Schwartz C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwartz C, Hafez A, L\u00f6nnrot K,  Microsurgical removal of a misplaced intraspinal venous stent in a patient with inferior vena cava atresia. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;32(5):763\u2013767."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"43","article-title":"Foot drop after iliocaval vein stenting: radicular syndrome from stent misplacement in spinal canal","volume":"137","author":"Zaldivar-Jolissaint JF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zaldivar-Jolissaint JF, de Schlichting E, Haller C, Morard M Foot drop after iliocaval vein stenting: radicular syndrome from stent misplacement in spinal canal. World Neurosurg. 2020;137:43\u201345."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"E23","article-title":"Misplacement of stent into epidural venous plexus with resultant cauda equina syndrome and open surgical treatment: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Whiting BB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whiting BB, Mulholland CB, Daniels L, Kakarla UK, Theodore N, Snyder LA Misplacement of stent into epidural venous plexus with resultant cauda equina syndrome and open surgical treatment: a case report. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018;15(3):E23\u2013E26."},{"issue":"7","key":"b6","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"1046","article-title":"The anatomy of the iliolumbar vein. A cadaver study","volume":"84","author":"Jasani V","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jasani V, Jaffray D The anatomy of the iliolumbar vein. A cadaver study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(7):1046\u20131049."},{"issue":"8","key":"b7","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"433","article-title":"Variations of the iliolumbar and ascending lumbar veins","volume":"25","author":"Kunakornsawat S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kunakornsawat S, Prasartritha T, Korbsook P, Vannaprasert N, Tungsiripat R, Tansatit T Variations of the iliolumbar and ascending lumbar veins. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2012;25(8):433\u2013436."},{"key":"b8","author":"Oropallo A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oropallo A, Andersen CA Venous Stenting. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Accessed March 30, 2023. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK574515\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program","first-page":"606","article-title":"Role of venous stenting for venous thromboembolism","volume":"2020","author":"Breen K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breen K Role of venous stenting for venous thromboembolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2020;2020(1):606\u2013611."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"372","article-title":"Intraspinal iliac venous stent migration with lumbar nerve root compression","volume":"137","author":"Di Santo M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Santo M, Belhaj A, Rondelet B, Gustin T Intraspinal iliac venous stent migration with lumbar nerve root compression. World Neurosurg. 2020;137:372\u2013375."},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"763","article-title":"Microsurgical removal of a misplaced intraspinal venous stent in a patient with inferior vena cava atresia","volume":"32","author":"Schwartz C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwartz C, Hafez A, L\u00f6nnrot K,  Microsurgical removal of a misplaced intraspinal venous stent in a patient with inferior vena cava atresia. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;32(5):763\u2013767."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"43","article-title":"Foot drop after iliocaval vein stenting: radicular syndrome from stent misplacement in spinal canal","volume":"137","author":"Zaldivar-Jolissaint JF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zaldivar-Jolissaint JF, de Schlichting E, Haller C, Morard M Foot drop after iliocaval vein stenting: radicular syndrome from stent misplacement in spinal canal. World Neurosurg. 2020;137:43\u201345."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"E23","article-title":"Misplacement of stent into epidural venous plexus with resultant cauda equina syndrome and open surgical treatment: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Whiting BB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whiting BB, Mulholland CB, Daniels L, Kakarla UK, Theodore N, Snyder LA Misplacement of stent into epidural venous plexus with resultant cauda equina syndrome and open surgical treatment: a case report. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018;15(3):E23\u2013E26."},{"issue":"7","key":"b6","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"1046","article-title":"The anatomy of the iliolumbar vein. A cadaver study","volume":"84","author":"Jasani V","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jasani V, Jaffray D The anatomy of the iliolumbar vein. A cadaver study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(7):1046\u20131049."},{"issue":"8","key":"b7","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","first-page":"433","article-title":"Variations of the iliolumbar and ascending lumbar veins","volume":"25","author":"Kunakornsawat S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kunakornsawat S, Prasartritha T, Korbsook P, Vannaprasert N, Tungsiripat R, Tansatit T Variations of the iliolumbar and ascending lumbar veins. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2012;25(8):433\u2013436."},{"key":"b8","author":"Oropallo A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oropallo A, Andersen CA Venous Stenting. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Accessed March 30, 2023. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK574515\/"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/7\/article-CASE23482.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/7\/article-CASE23482.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/7\/article-CASE23482.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:23:38Z","timestamp":1770301418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/7\/article-CASE23482.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case23482","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]}}}