{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:03:04Z","timestamp":1787025784666,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is an exceptionally rare soft tissue neoplasm. This tumor primarily presents as a benign soft tissue lesion in children with an average age of 14 years. The standard treatment regimen is wide local excision with interval follow-up. However, newer reports have demonstrated malignant potential with the possibility of intracranial metastasis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n A 45-year-old male with no soft tissue primary tumor presented with a primary intracranial lesion and thoracic spine metastasis refractory to chemotherapy and radiation treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n This report illustrates the potential for a highly malignant nature of metastatic AFH. In addition, the authors demonstrate an incidence of AFH in a middle-aged male without a primary soft tissue or skin lesion. This report highlights the importance of prompt treatment and excision for AFH, as there is still little understanding of successful options for systemic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T18:52:52Z","timestamp":1704135172000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: primary intracranial lesion with thoracic spine metastasis and a malignant course. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Audrey","family":"Demand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Britz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"b1","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2147","article-title":"Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a distinct fibrohistiocytic tumor of children and young adults simulating a vascular neoplasm","volume":"44","author":"Enzinger FM","year":"1979","unstructured":"Enzinger FM. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a distinct fibrohistiocytic tumor of children and young adults simulating a vascular neoplasm. Cancer. 1979;44(6):2147\u20132157."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"235","article-title":"Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: report of an unusual case with highly aggressive clinical course","volume":"37","author":"Chow LT","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chow LT, Allen PW, Kumta SM, Griffith J, Li CK, Leung PC. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: report of an unusual case with highly aggressive clinical course. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1998;37(3):235\u2013238."},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"2","article-title":"The evolving classification of soft tissue tumours\u2014an update based on the new 2013 WHO classification","volume":"64","author":"Fletcher CD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fletcher CD. The evolving classification of soft tissue tumours\u2014an update based on the new 2013 WHO classification. Histopathology. 2014;64(1):2\u201311."},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"674","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: the current status of pathology and genetics","volume":"139","author":"Thway K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thway K, Fisher C. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: the current status of pathology and genetics. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015;139(5):674\u2013682."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"962","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of unresectable and metastatic angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma","volume":"74","author":"Bernini JC","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bernini JC, Fort DW, Pritchard M, Rogers BB, Winick NJ. Adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of unresectable and metastatic angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Cancer. 1994;74(3):962\u2013964."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"31","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: a series of seven cases including genetically confirmed aggressive cases and a literature review","volume":"18","author":"Saito K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saito K, Kobayashi E, Yoshida A, Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: a series of seven cases including genetically confirmed aggressive cases and a literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):31."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"478","article-title":"Primary intracerebral angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: report of a case with a t(12;22)(q13;q12) causing type 1 fusion of the EWS and ATF-1 genes","volume":"32","author":"Dunham C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dunham C, Hussong J, Seiff M, Pfeifer J, Perry A. Primary intracerebral angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: report of a case with a t(12;22)(q13;q12) causing type 1 fusion of the EWS and ATF-1 genes. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(3):478\u2013484."},{"issue":"5","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"978","article-title":"Intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma presenting as recurrent multifocal intraparenchymal hemorrhage","volume":"112","author":"Ochalski PG","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ochalski PG, Edinger JT, Horowitz MB, Intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma presenting as recurrent multifocal intraparenchymal hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2010;112(5):978\u2013982."},{"issue":"12","key":"b9","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: unusual sites and unusual morphology","volume":"24","author":"Chen G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen G, Folpe AL, Colby TV, Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: unusual sites and unusual morphology. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(12):1560\u20131570."},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"279","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of bone: a calcifying sclerosing variant mimicking osteosarcoma","volume":"34","author":"Mangham DC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mangham DC, Williams A, Lalam RK, Brundler MA, Leahy MG, Cool WP. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of bone: a calcifying sclerosing variant mimicking osteosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(2):279\u2013285."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"398","article-title":"Primary intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: two case reports and literature review","volume":"143","author":"Bin Abdulqader S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bin Abdulqader S, Altuhaini K, Tallab R, Primary intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: two case reports and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2020;143:398\u2013404."},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr","first-page":"791","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: magnetic resonance imaging appearance in 2 cases","volume":"34","author":"Ajlan AM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ajlan AM, Sayegh K, Powell T, Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: magnetic resonance imaging appearance in 2 cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2010;34(5):791\u2013794."},{"issue":"11","key":"b13","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Angiomatoid \u201cmalignant\u201d fibrous histiocytoma: a clinicopathologic study of 158 cases and further exploration of the myoid phenotype","volume":"30","author":"Fanburg-Smith JC","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fanburg-Smith JC, Miettinen M. Angiomatoid \u201cmalignant\u201d fibrous histiocytoma: a clinicopathologic study of 158 cases and further exploration of the myoid phenotype. Hum Pathol. 1999;30(11):1336\u20131343."},{"issue":"9","key":"b14","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"731","article-title":"Angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma: a peculiar low-grade tumor showing immunophenotypic heterogeneity and ultrastructural variations","volume":"50","author":"Hasegawa T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hasegawa T, Seki K, Ono K, Hirohashi S. Angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma: a peculiar low-grade tumor showing immunophenotypic heterogeneity and ultrastructural variations. Pathol Int. 2000;50(9):731\u2013738."},{"issue":"7","key":"b15","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Tumors with EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusions: the current status","volume":"36","author":"Thway K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thway K, Fisher C. Tumors with EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusions: the current status. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(7):e1\u2013e11."},{"issue":"24","key":"b16","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"7322","article-title":"EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusion genes in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma","volume":"13","author":"Rossi S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rossi S, Szuhai K, Ijszenga M, EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusion genes in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(24):7322\u20137328."},{"issue":"2","key":"b17","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"289","article-title":"Metastatic angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of the scalp, with EWSR1-CREB1 gene fusions in primary tumor and nodal metastasis","volume":"44","author":"Thway K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thway K, Stefanaki K, Papadakis V, Fisher C. Metastatic angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of the scalp, with EWSR1-CREB1 gene fusions in primary tumor and nodal metastasis. Hum Pathol. 2013;44(2):289\u2013293."},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer","first-page":"97","article-title":"Fusion of the EWSR1 and ATF1 genes without expression of the MITF-M transcript in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma","volume":"44","author":"Hallor KH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hallor KH, Mertens F, Jin Y, Fusion of the EWSR1 and ATF1 genes without expression of the MITF-M transcript in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2005;44(1):97\u2013102."},{"issue":"6","key":"b1","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2147","article-title":"Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a distinct fibrohistiocytic tumor of children and young adults simulating a vascular neoplasm","volume":"44","author":"Enzinger FM","year":"1979","unstructured":"Enzinger FM. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a distinct fibrohistiocytic tumor of children and young adults simulating a vascular neoplasm. Cancer. 1979;44(6):2147\u20132157."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"235","article-title":"Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: report of an unusual case with highly aggressive clinical course","volume":"37","author":"Chow LT","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chow LT, Allen PW, Kumta SM, Griffith J, Li CK, Leung PC. Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma: report of an unusual case with highly aggressive clinical course. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1998;37(3):235\u2013238."},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"2","article-title":"The evolving classification of soft tissue tumours\u2014an update based on the new 2013 WHO classification","volume":"64","author":"Fletcher CD","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fletcher CD. The evolving classification of soft tissue tumours\u2014an update based on the new 2013 WHO classification. Histopathology. 2014;64(1):2\u201311."},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"674","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: the current status of pathology and genetics","volume":"139","author":"Thway K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thway K, Fisher C. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: the current status of pathology and genetics. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015;139(5):674\u2013682."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"962","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of unresectable and metastatic angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma","volume":"74","author":"Bernini JC","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bernini JC, Fort DW, Pritchard M, Rogers BB, Winick NJ. Adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of unresectable and metastatic angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Cancer. 1994;74(3):962\u2013964."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"31","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: a series of seven cases including genetically confirmed aggressive cases and a literature review","volume":"18","author":"Saito K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saito K, Kobayashi E, Yoshida A, Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: a series of seven cases including genetically confirmed aggressive cases and a literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):31."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"478","article-title":"Primary intracerebral angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: report of a case with a t(12;22)(q13;q12) causing type 1 fusion of the EWS and ATF-1 genes","volume":"32","author":"Dunham C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dunham C, Hussong J, Seiff M, Pfeifer J, Perry A. Primary intracerebral angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: report of a case with a t(12;22)(q13;q12) causing type 1 fusion of the EWS and ATF-1 genes. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32(3):478\u2013484."},{"issue":"5","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"978","article-title":"Intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma presenting as recurrent multifocal intraparenchymal hemorrhage","volume":"112","author":"Ochalski PG","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ochalski PG, Edinger JT, Horowitz MB, Intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma presenting as recurrent multifocal intraparenchymal hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2010;112(5):978\u2013982."},{"issue":"12","key":"b9","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: unusual sites and unusual morphology","volume":"24","author":"Chen G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen G, Folpe AL, Colby TV, Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: unusual sites and unusual morphology. Mod Pathol. 2011;24(12):1560\u20131570."},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"279","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of bone: a calcifying sclerosing variant mimicking osteosarcoma","volume":"34","author":"Mangham DC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mangham DC, Williams A, Lalam RK, Brundler MA, Leahy MG, Cool WP. Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of bone: a calcifying sclerosing variant mimicking osteosarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(2):279\u2013285."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"398","article-title":"Primary intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: two case reports and literature review","volume":"143","author":"Bin Abdulqader S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bin Abdulqader S, Altuhaini K, Tallab R, Primary intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: two case reports and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2020;143:398\u2013404."},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr","first-page":"791","article-title":"Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: magnetic resonance imaging appearance in 2 cases","volume":"34","author":"Ajlan AM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ajlan AM, Sayegh K, Powell T, Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: magnetic resonance imaging appearance in 2 cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2010;34(5):791\u2013794."},{"issue":"11","key":"b13","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Angiomatoid \u201cmalignant\u201d fibrous histiocytoma: a clinicopathologic study of 158 cases and further exploration of the myoid phenotype","volume":"30","author":"Fanburg-Smith JC","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fanburg-Smith JC, Miettinen M. Angiomatoid \u201cmalignant\u201d fibrous histiocytoma: a clinicopathologic study of 158 cases and further exploration of the myoid phenotype. Hum Pathol. 1999;30(11):1336\u20131343."},{"issue":"9","key":"b14","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"731","article-title":"Angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma: a peculiar low-grade tumor showing immunophenotypic heterogeneity and ultrastructural variations","volume":"50","author":"Hasegawa T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hasegawa T, Seki K, Ono K, Hirohashi S. Angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma: a peculiar low-grade tumor showing immunophenotypic heterogeneity and ultrastructural variations. Pathol Int. 2000;50(9):731\u2013738."},{"issue":"7","key":"b15","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Tumors with EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusions: the current status","volume":"36","author":"Thway K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thway K, Fisher C. Tumors with EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusions: the current status. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(7):e1\u2013e11."},{"issue":"24","key":"b16","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"7322","article-title":"EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusion genes in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma","volume":"13","author":"Rossi S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rossi S, Szuhai K, Ijszenga M, EWSR1-CREB1 and EWSR1-ATF1 fusion genes in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(24):7322\u20137328."},{"issue":"2","key":"b17","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"289","article-title":"Metastatic angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of the scalp, with EWSR1-CREB1 gene fusions in primary tumor and nodal metastasis","volume":"44","author":"Thway K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thway K, Stefanaki K, Papadakis V, Fisher C. Metastatic angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of the scalp, with EWSR1-CREB1 gene fusions in primary tumor and nodal metastasis. Hum Pathol. 2013;44(2):289\u2013293."},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer","first-page":"97","article-title":"Fusion of the EWSR1 and ATF1 genes without expression of the MITF-M transcript in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma","volume":"44","author":"Hallor KH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hallor KH, Mertens F, Jin Y, Fusion of the EWSR1 and ATF1 genes without expression of the MITF-M transcript in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2005;44(1):97\u2013102."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/1\/article-CASE23535.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/1\/article-CASE23535.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/1\/article-CASE23535.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:22:57Z","timestamp":1770301377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/1\/article-CASE23535.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case23535","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}}}