{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T04:59:48Z","timestamp":1770353988487,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exoscopy in neurosurgery offers various advantages, including increased freedom of the viewing axis while the surgeon maintains a comfortable upright position. However, the optimal monitor positioning to avoid interference with surgical manipulation remains unresolved. Herein, the authors describe two cases in which a three-dimensional head-mounted display (3D-HMD) was introduced into a transcranial neurosurgical procedure using an exoscope.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case 1 was a 50-year-old man who presented with recurrent epistaxis and was diagnosed with an olfactory neuroblastoma that extended from the nasal cavity to the anterior cranial base and infiltrated the right anterior cranial fossa. Case 2 was a 65-year-old man who presented with epistaxis and was diagnosed with a left-sided olfactory neuroblastoma. In both cases, en bloc tumor resection was successfully performed via a simultaneous exoscopic transcranial approach using a 3D-HMD and an endoscopic endonasal approach, eliminating the need to watch a large monitor beside the patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first report of using a 3D-HMD in transcranial surgery. The 3D-HMD effectively addressed issues with the field of vision and concentration while preserving the effectiveness of traditional microscopic and exoscopic procedures when observed on a 3D monitor. Combining the 3D-HMD with an exoscope holds the potential to become a next-generation surgical approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T18:53:58Z","timestamp":1701716038000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Introducing next-generation transcranial surgery with the head-mounted 3D View Vision display in extracorporeal microsurgery: illustrative cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Young Ju","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidehito","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Kajimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Maeyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sasayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"b1","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2107","article-title":"Beyond magnification and illumination: preliminary clinical experience with the 4K 3D ORBEYE\u2122 exoscope and a literature review","volume":"163","author":"Amoo M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amoo M, Henry J, Javadpour M. Beyond magnification and illumination: preliminary clinical experience with the 4K 3D ORBEYE\u2122 exoscope and a literature review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(8):2107\u20132115."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"178","article-title":"Microsurgery \u201cunder the eaves\u201d using ORBEYE: a case of dural arteriovenous fistula of the anterior cranial fossa","volume":"138","author":"Iwata T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iwata T, Toyota S, Kudo A, et\u00a0al.. Microsurgery \u201cunder the eaves\u201d using ORBEYE: a case of dural arteriovenous fistula of the anterior cranial fossa. World Neurosurg. 2020;138:178\u2013181."},{"issue":"0","key":"b3","series-title":"NMC Case Rep J","first-page":"243","article-title":"Efficacy of a high-definition three-dimensional exoscope in simultaneous transcranial and endoscopic endonasal surgery: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Shibano A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shibano A, Kimura H, Tatehara S, et\u00a0al.. Efficacy of a high-definition three-dimensional exoscope in simultaneous transcranial and endoscopic endonasal surgery: a case report. NMC Case Rep J. 2022;9(0):243\u2013247."},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"641","article-title":"Efficacy of simultaneous pericranial and nasoseptal \u201cdouble flap\u201d reconstruction of anterior skull base defects after combined transbasal and endoscopic endonasal approaches","volume":"162","author":"Gabriel PJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gabriel PJ, Kohli G, Hsueh WD, Eloy JA, Liu JK. Efficacy of simultaneous pericranial and nasoseptal \u201cdouble flap\u201d reconstruction of anterior skull base defects after combined transbasal and endoscopic endonasal approaches. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(3):641\u2013647."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"57","article-title":"Pros and cons of using ORBEYE\u2122 for microneurosurgery","volume":"174","author":"Takahashi S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Toda M, Nishimoto M, et\u00a0al.. Pros and cons of using ORBEYE\u2122 for microneurosurgery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;174:57\u201362."},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"707","article-title":"Preliminary clinical microneurosurgical experience with the 4K3-dimensional microvideoscope (ORBEYE) system for microneurological surgery: observation study","volume":"16","author":"Murai Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murai Y, Sato S, Yui K, et\u00a0al.. Preliminary clinical microneurosurgical experience with the 4K3-dimensional microvideoscope (ORBEYE) system for microneurological surgery: observation study. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;16(6):707\u2013716."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"717","article-title":"First-in-man clinical experience using a high-definition 3-dimensional exoscope system for microneurosurgery","volume":"16","author":"Khalessi AA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khalessi AA, Rahme R, Rennert RC, et\u00a0al.. First-in-man clinical experience using a high-definition 3-dimensional exoscope system for microneurosurgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;16(6):717\u2013725."},{"issue":"8","key":"b1","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2107","article-title":"Beyond magnification and illumination: preliminary clinical experience with the 4K 3D ORBEYE\u2122 exoscope and a literature review","volume":"163","author":"Amoo M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amoo M, Henry J, Javadpour M. Beyond magnification and illumination: preliminary clinical experience with the 4K 3D ORBEYE\u2122 exoscope and a literature review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(8):2107\u20132115."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"178","article-title":"Microsurgery \u201cunder the eaves\u201d using ORBEYE: a case of dural arteriovenous fistula of the anterior cranial fossa","volume":"138","author":"Iwata T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iwata T, Toyota S, Kudo A, et\u00a0al.. Microsurgery \u201cunder the eaves\u201d using ORBEYE: a case of dural arteriovenous fistula of the anterior cranial fossa. World Neurosurg. 2020;138:178\u2013181."},{"issue":"0","key":"b3","series-title":"NMC Case Rep J","first-page":"243","article-title":"Efficacy of a high-definition three-dimensional exoscope in simultaneous transcranial and endoscopic endonasal surgery: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Shibano A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shibano A, Kimura H, Tatehara S, et\u00a0al.. Efficacy of a high-definition three-dimensional exoscope in simultaneous transcranial and endoscopic endonasal surgery: a case report. NMC Case Rep J. 2022;9(0):243\u2013247."},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"641","article-title":"Efficacy of simultaneous pericranial and nasoseptal \u201cdouble flap\u201d reconstruction of anterior skull base defects after combined transbasal and endoscopic endonasal approaches","volume":"162","author":"Gabriel PJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gabriel PJ, Kohli G, Hsueh WD, Eloy JA, Liu JK. Efficacy of simultaneous pericranial and nasoseptal \u201cdouble flap\u201d reconstruction of anterior skull base defects after combined transbasal and endoscopic endonasal approaches. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(3):641\u2013647."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"57","article-title":"Pros and cons of using ORBEYE\u2122 for microneurosurgery","volume":"174","author":"Takahashi S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Toda M, Nishimoto M, et\u00a0al.. Pros and cons of using ORBEYE\u2122 for microneurosurgery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;174:57\u201362."},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"707","article-title":"Preliminary clinical microneurosurgical experience with the 4K3-dimensional microvideoscope (ORBEYE) system for microneurological surgery: observation study","volume":"16","author":"Murai Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murai Y, Sato S, Yui K, et\u00a0al.. Preliminary clinical microneurosurgical experience with the 4K3-dimensional microvideoscope (ORBEYE) system for microneurological surgery: observation study. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;16(6):707\u2013716."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"717","article-title":"First-in-man clinical experience using a high-definition 3-dimensional exoscope system for microneurosurgery","volume":"16","author":"Khalessi AA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khalessi AA, Rahme R, Rennert RC, et\u00a0al.. First-in-man clinical experience using a high-definition 3-dimensional exoscope system for microneurosurgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;16(6):717\u2013725."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/6\/23\/article-CASE23594.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/6\/23\/article-CASE23594.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/6\/23\/article-CASE23594.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:33:10Z","timestamp":1770301990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/6\/23\/article-CASE23594.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case23594","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]}}}