{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T04:40:35Z","timestamp":1770352835459,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As part of the laterotrigeminal venous system (LTVS), the emissary vein of the foramen ovale (EVFO) is an underrecognized venous structure communicating between the cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus. The sphenobasal sinus is an anatomical variation of the sphenoparietal sinus that drains directly into the EVFO. The authors present the case of a ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with a unique drainage pattern through the sphenobasal sinus and EVFO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 9-year-old female initially presented with loss of consciousness and was subsequently found to have a ruptured AVM in the left basal frontal area. She underwent an immediate decompressive hemicraniectomy, with a computed tomography angiogram demonstrating a unique anatomical variation in which the sphenobasal sinus communicated with the EVFO and LTVS. The final venous drainage returned to the pterygoid plexus and external jugular vein. Postoperatively, the patient made a substantial recovery, with generalized right-sided weakness remaining as the sole deficit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors present the case of a ruptured AVM with unique venous drainage into the sphenobasal sinus and EVFO, for which the current literature remains limited. As exemplified by this illustrative case, technique modification may be warranted in the setting of this unique anatomical variation to avoid venous sinus injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T18:54:19Z","timestamp":1705344859000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Arteriovenous malformation with unique drainage through the emissary vein of the foramen ovale: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oklahoma Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander R","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oklahoma Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Tayebi Meybodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oklahoma Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oklahoma Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyian S","family":"Jen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oklahoma Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark C","family":"Preul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Loyal and Edith Davis Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph\u2019s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Balsara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oklahoma Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"b1","series-title":"Surg Radiol Anat","first-page":"771","article-title":"The emissary veins of the foramen ovale: an anatomical study using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"42","author":"Tsutsumi S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsutsumi S, Ono H, Ishii H The emissary veins of the foramen ovale: an anatomical study using magnetic resonance imaging. Surg Radiol Anat. 2020;42(7):771\u2013777."},{"key":"b2","author":"Golub B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Golub B, Bordoni B Neuroanatomy, Pterygoid Plexus. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Accessed October 28, 2023. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK555896\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"Ann Anat","first-page":"115","article-title":"An anatomical study of the laterotrigeminal venous system","volume":"175","author":"Sim\u00f5es S","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es S An anatomical study of the laterotrigeminal venous system. Ann Anat. 1993;175(2):115\u2013118."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"432","article-title":"Various patterns of the middle cerebral vein and preservation of venous drainage during the anterior transpetrosal approach","volume":"124","author":"Shibao S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shibao S, Toda M, Orii M, Fujiwara H, Yoshida K Various patterns of the middle cerebral vein and preservation of venous drainage during the anterior transpetrosal approach. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(2):432\u2013439."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Front Surg","first-page":"1132784","article-title":"Comprehensive microsurgical anatomy of the middle cranial fossa: part II-neurovascular anatomy","volume":"10","author":"Tayebi Meybodi A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tayebi Meybodi A, Mignucci-Jim\u00e9nez G, Lawton MT, Liu JK, Preul MC, Sun H Comprehensive microsurgical anatomy of the middle cranial fossa: part II-neurovascular anatomy. Front Surg. 2023;10:1132784."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"b6","series-title":"Intervent Neurol","first-page":"218","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population: review of the existing literature","volume":"5","author":"El-Ghanem M","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Ghanem M, Kass-Hout T, Kass-Hout O, et\u00a0al. Arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population: review of the existing literature. Intervent Neurol. 2016;5(3\u20134):218\u2013225."},{"issue":"2","key":"b7","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"145","article-title":"Cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children","volume":"142","author":"Di Rocco C","year":"2000","unstructured":"Di Rocco C, Tamburrini G, Rollo M Cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2000;142(2):145\u2013156, discussion 156\u2013158."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e856","article-title":"Recurrent brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs): a systematic review","volume":"116","author":"Sorenson TJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sorenson TJ, Brinjikji W, Bortolotti C, Kaufmann G, Lanzino G Recurrent brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs): a systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2018;116:e856\u2013e866."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Radiology of the Skull and Brain","first-page":"1851","article-title":"Normal supratentorial veins and dural sinuses","volume":"2","author":"Hacker H","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hacker H Normal supratentorial veins and dural sinuses. Radiology of the Skull and Brain. 1974;2:1851\u20131877."},{"issue":"7","key":"b1","series-title":"Surg Radiol Anat","first-page":"771","article-title":"The emissary veins of the foramen ovale: an anatomical study using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"42","author":"Tsutsumi S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsutsumi S, Ono H, Ishii H The emissary veins of the foramen ovale: an anatomical study using magnetic resonance imaging. Surg Radiol Anat. 2020;42(7):771\u2013777."},{"key":"b2","author":"Golub B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Golub B, Bordoni B Neuroanatomy, Pterygoid Plexus. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. 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J Neurosurg. 2016;124(2):432\u2013439."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Front Surg","first-page":"1132784","article-title":"Comprehensive microsurgical anatomy of the middle cranial fossa: part II-neurovascular anatomy","volume":"10","author":"Tayebi Meybodi A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tayebi Meybodi A, Mignucci-Jim\u00e9nez G, Lawton MT, Liu JK, Preul MC, Sun H Comprehensive microsurgical anatomy of the middle cranial fossa: part II-neurovascular anatomy. Front Surg. 2023;10:1132784."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"b6","series-title":"Intervent Neurol","first-page":"218","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population: review of the existing literature","volume":"5","author":"El-Ghanem M","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Ghanem M, Kass-Hout T, Kass-Hout O, et\u00a0al. Arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population: review of the existing literature. 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