{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:42:22Z","timestamp":1773052942699,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence has revealed the efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitation therapy, over therapy alone, for upper-limb functional recovery after ischemic stroke. However, this technique has not yet been described for the recovery of chronic motor deficits after hemorrhagic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three years after left putaminal intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke with chronic upper-limb functional deficits, a patient was treated with VNS for enhanced stroke recovery. VNS was paired with 6 weeks of in-clinic physical therapy, resulting in upper-limb functional improvement of 14 points on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) index for stroke recovery (maximum score of 66 equating to normal function). This improvement was more than 1 standard deviation above the improvement documented in the first successful RCT of VNS paired with therapy for ischemic stroke (5.0 \u00b1 4.4 improvement on FMA-UE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VNS is a promising therapy for enhanced recovery after hemorrhagic stroke and may offer greater improvement in function compared to that after ischemic stroke. Improvement in function can occur years after the time of intracerebral hemorrhage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case23676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T13:00:36Z","timestamp":1710162036000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Vagus nerve stimulation for enhanced stroke recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Daniel D","family":"Cummins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshini","family":"Kalagara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret H","family":"Downes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Joo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Tosto-Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Putrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fedor E","family":"Panov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher P","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"JAMA Netw Open","first-page":"e221103","article-title":"Risk factors associated with mortality and neurologic disability after intracerebral hemorrhage in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort","volume":"5","author":"Woo D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woo D, Comeau ME, Venema SU,  Risk factors associated with mortality and neurologic disability after intracerebral hemorrhage in a racially and ethnically diverse cohort. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(3):e221103."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Front Neurosci","first-page":"649459","article-title":"Neurostimulation for stroke rehabilitation","volume":"15","author":"Ting WK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ting WK, Fadul FA, Fecteau S, Ethier C Neurostimulation for stroke rehabilitation. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:649459."},{"issue":"10284","key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1545","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb motor function after ischaemic stroke (VNS-REHAB): a randomised, blinded, pivotal, device trial","volume":"397","author":"Dawson J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dawson J, Liu CY, Francisco GE,  Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb motor function after ischaemic stroke (VNS-REHAB): a randomised, blinded, pivotal, device trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10284):1545\u20131553."},{"issue":"8","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"771","article-title":"The Stereotactic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Underwater Blood Aspiration (SCUBA) technique for minimally invasive endoscopic intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation","volume":"10","author":"Kellner CP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kellner CP, Chartrain AG, Nistal DA,  The Stereotactic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Underwater Blood Aspiration (SCUBA) technique for minimally invasive endoscopic intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation. J Neurointerv Surg. 2018;10(8):771\u2013776."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Brain Stimul","first-page":"1467","article-title":"Assessment of safety and feasibility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of acute stroke","volume":"15","author":"Arsava EM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arsava EM, Topcuoglu MA, Ay I,  Assessment of safety and feasibility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of acute stroke. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(6):1467\u20131474."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Behav Neurol","first-page":"258161","article-title":"The motor recovery related with brain lesion in patients with intracranial hemorrhage","volume":"2015","author":"Lee KB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee KB, Kim JS, Hong BY, Kim YD, Hwang BY, Lim SH The motor recovery related with brain lesion in patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Behav Neurol. 2015;2015:258161."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","first-page":"163","article-title":"Difference of recovery course of motor weakness according to state of corticospinal tract in putaminal hemorrhage","volume":"653","author":"Jang SH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jang SH, Park JW, Choi BY,  Difference of recovery course of motor weakness according to state of corticospinal tract in putaminal hemorrhage. Neurosci Lett. 2017;653:163\u2013167."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord","first-page":"17562864211049208","article-title":"Secondary mechanisms of injury and viable pathophysiological targets in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"14","author":"Bautista W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bautista W, Adelson PD, Bicher N, Themistocleous M, Tsivgoulis G, Chang JJ Secondary mechanisms of injury and viable pathophysiological targets in intracerebral hemorrhage. 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J Neurointerv Surg. 2018;10(8):771\u2013776."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Brain Stimul","first-page":"1467","article-title":"Assessment of safety and feasibility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of acute stroke","volume":"15","author":"Arsava EM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arsava EM, Topcuoglu MA, Ay I,  Assessment of safety and feasibility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of acute stroke. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(6):1467\u20131474."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Behav Neurol","first-page":"258161","article-title":"The motor recovery related with brain lesion in patients with intracranial hemorrhage","volume":"2015","author":"Lee KB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee KB, Kim JS, Hong BY, Kim YD, Hwang BY, Lim SH The motor recovery related with brain lesion in patients with intracranial hemorrhage. 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Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2021;14:17562864211049208."},{"issue":"8","key":"b9","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"2174","article-title":"Differences in outcome and predictors between ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhage: the South London Stroke Register","volume":"44","author":"Bhalla A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhalla A, Wang Y, Rudd A, Wolfe CD Differences in outcome and predictors between ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhage: the South London Stroke Register. Stroke. 2013;44(8):2174\u20132181."},{"issue":"8","key":"b10","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"1460","article-title":"Neurogenesis after primary intracerebral hemorrhage in adult human brain","volume":"28","author":"Shen J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shen J, Xie L, Mao X,  Neurogenesis after primary intracerebral hemorrhage in adult human brain. 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Phys Ther. 2008;88(5):652\u2013663."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair","first-page":"229","article-title":"Motor impairment as a predictor of functional recovery and guide to rehabilitation treatment after stroke","volume":"15","author":"Shelton FD","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shelton FD, Volpe BT, Reding M Motor impairment as a predictor of functional recovery and guide to rehabilitation treatment after stroke. 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