{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:31:29Z","timestamp":1769729489812,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meningoencephaloceles can originate through any defect in the cranial bones, including the skull base. They can be completely asymptomatic or present with typical symptoms such as headaches, seizures, or meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors present the case of a 54-year-old female who presented with right-sided ear and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Computed tomography showed a large lytic lesion of the squamous part of the temporal bone with cortical bone destruction, extending to the mandibular fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a temporal bone meningoencephalocele. The patient underwent resection, dural repair, and multilayer reconstruction with a patient-specific three-dimensional\u2013printed titanium combined craniofossa prosthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first case report of TMJ pain associated with a temporal meningoencephalocele. The exact location and extension of the lesion determine the surgical approach and need for reconstruction in temporal bone meningoencephaloceles. In cases of destruction of the mandibular fossa, a patient-specific combined craniofossa prosthesis is recommended to reconstruct the bone defect.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24132\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24132<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T03:01:15Z","timestamp":1722826875000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surgical management of a temporal meningoencephalocele with a patient-specific combined craniofossa prosthesis: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"De Moor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Willaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zo\u00e9","family":"Hunin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Decramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Bila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol","first-page":"391","article-title":"Transtemporal management of temporal bone encephaloceles and CSF leaks: review of 56 consecutive patients","volume":"131","author":"Kari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kari EMattox DE. Transtemporal management of temporal bone encephaloceles and CSF leaks: review of 56 consecutive patients. Acta Oto-Laryngol. 2011;131(4):391-394."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"492","article-title":"Spontaneous temporal encephalocele. Case report","volume":"78","author":"Wilkins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilkins RHRadtke RABurger PC. Spontaneous temporal encephalocele. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1993;78(3):492-498."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"509","article-title":"Spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the temporal bone: clinical spectrum and presentation","volume":"134","author":"Nahas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nahas ZTatlipinar ALimb CJFrancis HW. Spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the temporal bone: clinical spectrum and presentation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(5):509-518."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E11","article-title":"Spontaneous encephaloceles of the temporal lobe","volume":"25","author":"Wind","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wind JJCaputy AJRoberti F. Spontaneous encephaloceles of the temporal lobe. Neurosurg Focus. 2008;25(6):E11."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Management of temporal bone meningo-encephalocoele","volume":"122","author":"Ramalingam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramalingam KKRamalingam RSreenivasaMurthy TMChandrakala GR. Management of temporal bone meningo-encephalocoele. J Laryngol Otol. 2008;122(11):1168-1174."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"961","article-title":"Idiopathic temporal bone encephaloceles in the obese patient","volume":"136","author":"Scurry","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scurry WCJrOrt SAPeterson WMSheehan JMIsaacson JE. Idiopathic temporal bone encephaloceles in the obese patient. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;136(6):961-965."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib7","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1579","article-title":"Management of meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone: personal experience and literature review","volume":"119","author":"Sanna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sanna MFois PRusso AFalcioni M. Management of meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone: personal experience and literature review. Laryngoscope. 2009;119(8):1579-1585."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib8","series-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi","first-page":"755","article-title":"Spontaneous meningoencephalocele of temporal bone: report of 3 cases. Article in Chinese","volume":"56","author":"Yue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yue LHLing YChen J. Spontaneous meningoencephalocele of temporal bone: report of 3 cases. Article in Chinese. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021;56(7):755-758."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9","series-title":"Am J Otolaryngol","first-page":"664","article-title":"Meningoencephalocele of the temporal bone: pictorial essay on transmastoid extradural-intracranial repair","volume":"34","author":"Manjila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manjila SWick CCCramer J, et al. Meningoencephalocele of the temporal bone: pictorial essay on transmastoid extradural-intracranial repair. Am J Otolaryngol. 2013;34(6):664-675."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Surgical management of meningoencephalocele in temporal bone associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy: report of two cases","volume":"33","author":"Pejovi\u0107","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pejovi\u0107 ATRisti\u0107 AJBa\u0161\u010darevi\u0107 V, et al. Surgical management of meningoencephalocele in temporal bone associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy: report of two cases. Br J Neurosurg. 2019;33(2):207-209."},{"issue":"126","key":"bib11","series-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"57","article-title":"Combined approach for giant temporal meningoencephalocele","volume":"35","author":"Carnevale","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carnevale CGarcia-Wagner MMorales-Olavarr\u00eda CSarr\u00eda-Echegaray PTil-P\u00e9rez G. Combined approach for giant temporal meningoencephalocele. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;35(126):57-60."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib12","series-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi","first-page":"998","article-title":"Surgical management of 27 cases with temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Article in Chinese","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen XLi WLi HDai C. Surgical management of 27 cases with temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Article in Chinese. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021;35(11):998-1003."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi","first-page":"374","article-title":"Meningoencephalocele of temporal bone: a case report.","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang HJLiu Y. Meningoencephalocele of temporal bone: a case report. Article in Chinese. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2023;58(4):374-376."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"192","article-title":"Temporal bone meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid leaks: experience in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"133","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta ASikka KIrugu DVKVerma HBhalla ASThakar A. Temporal bone meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid leaks: experience in a tertiary care hospital. J Laryngol Otol. 2019;133(3):192-200."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"311","article-title":"Idiopathic temporal bone encephalocele","volume":"17","author":"Papanikolaou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Papanikolaou VBibas AFerekidis EAnagnostopoulou SXenellis J. Idiopathic temporal bone encephalocele. Skull Base. 2007;17(5):311-316."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","series-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"369","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and encephaloceles","volume":"27","author":"Kutz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutz JWJrTolisano AM. Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and encephaloceles. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;27(5):369-375."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"192","article-title":"Cephaloceles: classification, pathology, and management\u2014a review","volume":"4","author":"David","year":"1993","unstructured":"David DJ. Cephaloceles: classification, pathology, and management\u2014a review. J Craniofac Surg. 1993;4(4):192-202."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","series-title":"Am J Otolaryngol","first-page":"102560","article-title":"Surgical management of middle cranial fossa bone defects: meningoencephalic herniation and cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"41","author":"Hernandez-Montero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hernandez-Montero ECaballero EGarc\u00eda-Ibanez L. Surgical management of middle cranial fossa bone defects: meningoencephalic herniation and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(4):102560."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"19","article-title":"Management of chronic otitis by middle ear obliteration with blind sac closure of the external auditory canal","volume":"29","author":"Sanna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanna MDispenza FFlanagan SDe Stefano AFalcioni M. Management of chronic otitis by middle ear obliteration with blind sac closure of the external auditory canal. Otol Neurotol. 2008;29(1):19-22."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"347","article-title":"Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after vestibular schwannoma surgery by reconstruction of the drilled porus acusticus with hydroxyapatite bone cement","volume":"107","author":"Baird","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baird CJHdeib ASuk I, et al. Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after vestibular schwannoma surgery by reconstruction of the drilled porus acusticus with hydroxyapatite bone cement. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(2):347-351."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21","series-title":"Arch Craniofac Surg","first-page":"11","article-title":"Skull reconstruction with custom made three-dimensional titanium implant","volume":"16","author":"Cho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cho HRRoh TSShim KWKim YOLew DHYun IS. Skull reconstruction with custom made three-dimensional titanium implant. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2015;16(1):11-16."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"943","article-title":"Cranioplasty enhanced by three-dimensional printing: custom-made three-dimensional-printed titanium implants for skull defects","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park EKLim JYYun IS, et al. Cranioplasty enhanced by three-dimensional printing: custom-made three-dimensional-printed titanium implants for skull defects. J Craniofac Surg. 2016;27(4):943-949."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib23","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E10","article-title":"Long-term results following titanium cranioplasty of large skull defects","volume":"26","author":"Cabraja","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cabraja MKlein MLehmann TN. Long-term results following titanium cranioplasty of large skull defects. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;26(6):E10."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"388","article-title":"Reconstruction of the temporal contour for traumatic tissue loss using a CAD\/CAM-prefabricated titanium implant-case report","volume":"35","author":"Scholz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scholz MWehm\u00f6ller MLehmbrock J, et al. Reconstruction of the temporal contour for traumatic tissue loss using a CAD\/CAM-prefabricated titanium implant-case report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2007;35(8):388-392."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib25","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1394","article-title":"Clinical application of three-dimensional printing of polycaprolactone\/beta-tricalcium phosphate implants for cranial reconstruction","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park HChoi JWJeong WS. Clinical application of three-dimensional printing of polycaprolactone\/beta-tricalcium phosphate implants for cranial reconstruction. J Craniofac Surg. 2022;33(5):1394-1399."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg","first-page":"515","article-title":"Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement","volume":"20","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yadav PRoychoudhury AKumar RDBhutia OBhutia TAggarwal B. Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2021;20(4):515-526."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol","first-page":"391","article-title":"Transtemporal management of temporal bone encephaloceles and CSF leaks: review of 56 consecutive patients","volume":"131","author":"Kari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kari EMattox DE. Transtemporal management of temporal bone encephaloceles and CSF leaks: review of 56 consecutive patients. Acta Oto-Laryngol. 2011;131(4):391-394."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"492","article-title":"Spontaneous temporal encephalocele. Case report","volume":"78","author":"Wilkins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilkins RHRadtke RABurger PC. Spontaneous temporal encephalocele. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1993;78(3):492-498."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"509","article-title":"Spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the temporal bone: clinical spectrum and presentation","volume":"134","author":"Nahas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nahas ZTatlipinar ALimb CJFrancis HW. Spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the temporal bone: clinical spectrum and presentation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(5):509-518."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E11","article-title":"Spontaneous encephaloceles of the temporal lobe","volume":"25","author":"Wind","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wind JJCaputy AJRoberti F. Spontaneous encephaloceles of the temporal lobe. Neurosurg Focus. 2008;25(6):E11."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Management of temporal bone meningo-encephalocoele","volume":"122","author":"Ramalingam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramalingam KKRamalingam RSreenivasaMurthy TMChandrakala GR. Management of temporal bone meningo-encephalocoele. J Laryngol Otol. 2008;122(11):1168-1174."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"961","article-title":"Idiopathic temporal bone encephaloceles in the obese patient","volume":"136","author":"Scurry","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scurry WCJrOrt SAPeterson WMSheehan JMIsaacson JE. Idiopathic temporal bone encephaloceles in the obese patient. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;136(6):961-965."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib7","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1579","article-title":"Management of meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone: personal experience and literature review","volume":"119","author":"Sanna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sanna MFois PRusso AFalcioni M. Management of meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone: personal experience and literature review. Laryngoscope. 2009;119(8):1579-1585."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib8","series-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi","first-page":"755","article-title":"Spontaneous meningoencephalocele of temporal bone: report of 3 cases. Article in Chinese","volume":"56","author":"Yue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yue LHLing YChen J. Spontaneous meningoencephalocele of temporal bone: report of 3 cases. Article in Chinese. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021;56(7):755-758."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9","series-title":"Am J Otolaryngol","first-page":"664","article-title":"Meningoencephalocele of the temporal bone: pictorial essay on transmastoid extradural-intracranial repair","volume":"34","author":"Manjila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manjila SWick CCCramer J, et al. Meningoencephalocele of the temporal bone: pictorial essay on transmastoid extradural-intracranial repair. Am J Otolaryngol. 2013;34(6):664-675."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Surgical management of meningoencephalocele in temporal bone associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy: report of two cases","volume":"33","author":"Pejovi\u0107","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pejovi\u0107 ATRisti\u0107 AJBa\u0161\u010darevi\u0107 V, et al. Surgical management of meningoencephalocele in temporal bone associated with pharmacoresistant epilepsy: report of two cases. Br J Neurosurg. 2019;33(2):207-209."},{"issue":"126","key":"bib11","series-title":"Iran J Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"57","article-title":"Combined approach for giant temporal meningoencephalocele","volume":"35","author":"Carnevale","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carnevale CGarcia-Wagner MMorales-Olavarr\u00eda CSarr\u00eda-Echegaray PTil-P\u00e9rez G. Combined approach for giant temporal meningoencephalocele. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;35(126):57-60."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib12","series-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi","first-page":"998","article-title":"Surgical management of 27 cases with temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Article in Chinese","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen XLi WLi HDai C. Surgical management of 27 cases with temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Article in Chinese. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021;35(11):998-1003."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi","first-page":"374","article-title":"Meningoencephalocele of temporal bone: a case report.","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang HJLiu Y. Meningoencephalocele of temporal bone: a case report. Article in Chinese. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2023;58(4):374-376."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"192","article-title":"Temporal bone meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid leaks: experience in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"133","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta ASikka KIrugu DVKVerma HBhalla ASThakar A. Temporal bone meningoencephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid leaks: experience in a tertiary care hospital. J Laryngol Otol. 2019;133(3):192-200."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"311","article-title":"Idiopathic temporal bone encephalocele","volume":"17","author":"Papanikolaou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Papanikolaou VBibas AFerekidis EAnagnostopoulou SXenellis J. Idiopathic temporal bone encephalocele. Skull Base. 2007;17(5):311-316."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","series-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"369","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and encephaloceles","volume":"27","author":"Kutz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutz JWJrTolisano AM. Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and encephaloceles. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;27(5):369-375."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"192","article-title":"Cephaloceles: classification, pathology, and management\u2014a review","volume":"4","author":"David","year":"1993","unstructured":"David DJ. Cephaloceles: classification, pathology, and management\u2014a review. J Craniofac Surg. 1993;4(4):192-202."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","series-title":"Am J Otolaryngol","first-page":"102560","article-title":"Surgical management of middle cranial fossa bone defects: meningoencephalic herniation and cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"41","author":"Hernandez-Montero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hernandez-Montero ECaballero EGarc\u00eda-Ibanez L. Surgical management of middle cranial fossa bone defects: meningoencephalic herniation and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Am J Otolaryngol. 2020;41(4):102560."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"19","article-title":"Management of chronic otitis by middle ear obliteration with blind sac closure of the external auditory canal","volume":"29","author":"Sanna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanna MDispenza FFlanagan SDe Stefano AFalcioni M. Management of chronic otitis by middle ear obliteration with blind sac closure of the external auditory canal. Otol Neurotol. 2008;29(1):19-22."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"347","article-title":"Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after vestibular schwannoma surgery by reconstruction of the drilled porus acusticus with hydroxyapatite bone cement","volume":"107","author":"Baird","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baird CJHdeib ASuk I, et al. Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after vestibular schwannoma surgery by reconstruction of the drilled porus acusticus with hydroxyapatite bone cement. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(2):347-351."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21","series-title":"Arch Craniofac Surg","first-page":"11","article-title":"Skull reconstruction with custom made three-dimensional titanium implant","volume":"16","author":"Cho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cho HRRoh TSShim KWKim YOLew DHYun IS. Skull reconstruction with custom made three-dimensional titanium implant. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2015;16(1):11-16."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"943","article-title":"Cranioplasty enhanced by three-dimensional printing: custom-made three-dimensional-printed titanium implants for skull defects","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park EKLim JYYun IS, et al. Cranioplasty enhanced by three-dimensional printing: custom-made three-dimensional-printed titanium implants for skull defects. J Craniofac Surg. 2016;27(4):943-949."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib23","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E10","article-title":"Long-term results following titanium cranioplasty of large skull defects","volume":"26","author":"Cabraja","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cabraja MKlein MLehmann TN. Long-term results following titanium cranioplasty of large skull defects. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;26(6):E10."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"388","article-title":"Reconstruction of the temporal contour for traumatic tissue loss using a CAD\/CAM-prefabricated titanium implant-case report","volume":"35","author":"Scholz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scholz MWehm\u00f6ller MLehmbrock J, et al. Reconstruction of the temporal contour for traumatic tissue loss using a CAD\/CAM-prefabricated titanium implant-case report. 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