{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:35:22Z","timestamp":1769729722513,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative infection caused by non\u2013spore-forming, anaerobic, and filamentous gram-positive bacteria. Primary central nervous system involvement is rare, with no specific clinical features, causing a clinical diagnostic dilemma. Imaging can help in localizing and characterizing the lesion; however, a definitive diagnosis relies on culture and\/or histopathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors describe a 29-year-old male farmer with a rare case of invasive and diffuse cranial actinomycosis with a dura-based mass mimicking a brain tumor. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a moderately enhanced right frontoparietal infiltrative dura-based mass with marked thickening of the skull and multiple scalp actinomycotic abscesses. He underwent microsurgical excision of the mass, orbital decompression, and debridement of the scalp abscess. Histopathology confirmed actinomycosis, and his postoperative course was uneventful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Invasive and diffuse cranial actinomycosis with a dura-based actinomycetoma is a rare presentation that poses a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific manifestations. Imaging is helpful in localizing and characterizing the lesion; however, histopathology remains the gold standard for diagnosing actinomycosis. A high index of suspicion is also warranted in patients with predisposing factors to promote an early diagnosis and the initiation of appropriate treatments to improve functional recovery and limit residual deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24210\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24210<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T02:44:03Z","timestamp":1727059443000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An invasive and diffuse cranial actinomycosis with a dura-based mass mimicking a brain tumor: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dejen T","family":"Gebrewahd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsegazeab","family":"Laeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyob Z","family":"Wendimagegnehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mestet Y","family":"Shiferaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye G","family":"Tefera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilili A","family":"Aliye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taye J","family":"Robele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Myungsung Christian Medical Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bereket H","family":"Mekuria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anteneh E","family":"Berga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surafael M","family":"Mendere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebboona B","family":"Abelti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Division, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Infect Drug Resist","first-page":"183","article-title":"Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management","volume":"7","author":"Valour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valour FS\u00e9n\u00e9chal ADupieux C, et al. Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Infect Drug Resist. 2014;7:183-197."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"190","article-title":"Intracranial actinomycosis manifesting as a parenchymal mass lesion: a case report and review of literature","volume":"122","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mishra APrabhuraj ARBhat DNandeesh BNMhatre R. Intracranial actinomycosis manifesting as a parenchymal mass lesion: a case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:190-194."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","series-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis","first-page":"133","article-title":"The epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in CNS actinomycosis: a systematic review of reported cases","volume":"18","author":"Meena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meena DSKumar DSharma M, et al. The epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in CNS actinomycosis: a systematic review of reported cases. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2023;18(1):133."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"bib4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"346","article-title":"Focal intracranial infections due to Actinomyces species in immunocompetent patients: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges","volume":"74","author":"Akhaddar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akhaddar AElouennass MBaallal HBoucetta M. Focal intracranial infections due to Actinomyces species in immunocompetent patients: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. World Neurosurg. 2010;74(2-3):346-350."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Case Rep Clin Med","first-page":"34","article-title":"A case report of an invasive scalp actinomycosis","volume":"10","author":"Sogoba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sogoba YDembele JPSogoba B, et al. A case report of an invasive scalp actinomycosis. Case Rep Clin Med. 2021;10(2):34-38."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","series-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko","first-page":"63","article-title":"Cerebral actinomycotic granuloma mimicking malignant brain tumor","volume":"79","author":"Mishinov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mishinov SVKarchalova AMStupak VVSerpeninova NN. Cerebral actinomycotic granuloma mimicking malignant brain tumor. Article in English, Russian. Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko. 2015;79(5):63-67."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"325","article-title":"Intracranial actinomycosis: varied clinical and radiologic presentations in two cases","volume":"60","author":"Mohindra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mohindra SSavardekar ARane S. Intracranial actinomycosis: varied clinical and radiologic presentations in two cases. Neurol India. 2012;60(3):325-327."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e362","article-title":"Central nervous system actinomycosis\u2013a clinicoradiologic and histopathologic analysis","volume":"116","author":"Ravindra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ravindra NSadashiva NMahadevan ABhat DISaini J. Central nervous system actinomycosis\u2013a clinicoradiologic and histopathologic analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018;116:e362-e370."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","first-page":"152","article-title":"Atypical form of cervicofacial actinomycosis involving the skull base and temporal bone","volume":"128","author":"McCann","year":"2019","unstructured":"McCann AAlvi SANewman J, et al. Atypical form of cervicofacial actinomycosis involving the skull base and temporal bone. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2019;128(2):152-156."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"147","article-title":"Cerebral actinomycosis: unusual clinical and radiological findings of an abscess","volume":"50","author":"Ham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ham HYJung SJung TYHeo SH. Cerebral actinomycosis: unusual clinical and radiological findings of an abscess. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2011;50(2):147-150."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"e269","article-title":"Cervicofacial primary cutaneous actinomycosis: surgical treatment for complete remission of the disease","volume":"28","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jeong YJSuh HWShim HS. Cervicofacial primary cutaneous actinomycosis: surgical treatment for complete remission of the disease. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(3):e269-e271."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"IDCases","first-page":"e01215","article-title":"Recurrent skull vault actinomycosis: a case report and review of literature","volume":"25","author":"Mohamad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohamad ARKoleri JHussain HMSAl Soub HAl Maslamani M. Recurrent skull vault actinomycosis: a case report and review of literature. IDCases. 2021;25:e01215."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib13","series-title":"Meningeal actinomyces mimicking meningioma, case report. Int Clinc Med Case Rep Jour","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Tena-Suck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tena-Suck ML Calder\u00f3n Garcidue\u00f1as AL, Alcocer J, et al. Meningeal actinomyces mimicking meningioma, case report. Int Clinc Med Case Rep Jour. 2022;1(5):1-7."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib14","series-title":"Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull","first-page":"217","article-title":"Actinomycosis-cerebral infection presenting as a brain tumor","volume":"4","author":"Manson","year":"1956","unstructured":"Manson GRush WESieracki JCTruant JP. Actinomycosis-cerebral infection presenting as a brain tumor. Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull. 1956;4(4):217-223."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15","series-title":"Ann Saudi Med","first-page":"515","article-title":"Intracranial actinomycosis mimicking meningioma","volume":"15","author":"Chopra","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chopra SChristie MFelimban H. Intracranial actinomycosis mimicking meningioma. Ann Saudi Med. 1995;15(5):515-518."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib16","series-title":"Singapore Med J","first-page":"465","article-title":"Cranial actinomycosis","volume":"39","author":"King","year":"1998","unstructured":"King ADChan YLWong KSSung JJFung KPoon WS. Cranial actinomycosis. Singapore Med J. 1998;39(10):465467."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"Int Wound J","first-page":"655","article-title":"Late complication after tropic storm accident: subcutaneous and intracranial actinomycetoma","volume":"5","author":"Verma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Verma SBNayak SPasale RKKittner TWollina U. Late complication after tropic storm accident: subcutaneous and intracranial actinomycetoma. Int Wound J. 2008;5(5):655-659."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","series-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis","first-page":"227","article-title":"Complicated actinomycosis of the temporal bone: a historical case report","volume":"132","author":"Oukessou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oukessou YAit Elkerdoudi MAbada RLMahtar M. Complicated actinomycosis of the temporal bone: a historical case report. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2015;132(4):227-229."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Soc Work Educ","first-page":"117","article-title":"Review articles","volume":"21","author":"Plumb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Plumb A. Review articles. Soc Work Educ. 2002;21(1):117-123."},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Infect Drug Resist","first-page":"183","article-title":"Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management","volume":"7","author":"Valour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valour FS\u00e9n\u00e9chal ADupieux C, et al. Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Infect Drug Resist. 2014;7:183-197."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"190","article-title":"Intracranial actinomycosis manifesting as a parenchymal mass lesion: a case report and review of literature","volume":"122","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mishra APrabhuraj ARBhat DNandeesh BNMhatre R. Intracranial actinomycosis manifesting as a parenchymal mass lesion: a case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:190-194."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","series-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis","first-page":"133","article-title":"The epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in CNS actinomycosis: a systematic review of reported cases","volume":"18","author":"Meena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meena DSKumar DSharma M, et al. The epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in CNS actinomycosis: a systematic review of reported cases. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2023;18(1):133."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"bib4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"346","article-title":"Focal intracranial infections due to Actinomyces species in immunocompetent patients: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges","volume":"74","author":"Akhaddar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akhaddar AElouennass MBaallal HBoucetta M. Focal intracranial infections due to Actinomyces species in immunocompetent patients: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. World Neurosurg. 2010;74(2-3):346-350."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Case Rep Clin Med","first-page":"34","article-title":"A case report of an invasive scalp actinomycosis","volume":"10","author":"Sogoba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sogoba YDembele JPSogoba B, et al. A case report of an invasive scalp actinomycosis. Case Rep Clin Med. 2021;10(2):34-38."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6","series-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko","first-page":"63","article-title":"Cerebral actinomycotic granuloma mimicking malignant brain tumor","volume":"79","author":"Mishinov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mishinov SVKarchalova AMStupak VVSerpeninova NN. Cerebral actinomycotic granuloma mimicking malignant brain tumor. Article in English, Russian. Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko. 2015;79(5):63-67."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"325","article-title":"Intracranial actinomycosis: varied clinical and radiologic presentations in two cases","volume":"60","author":"Mohindra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mohindra SSavardekar ARane S. Intracranial actinomycosis: varied clinical and radiologic presentations in two cases. Neurol India. 2012;60(3):325-327."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e362","article-title":"Central nervous system actinomycosis\u2013a clinicoradiologic and histopathologic analysis","volume":"116","author":"Ravindra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ravindra NSadashiva NMahadevan ABhat DISaini J. Central nervous system actinomycosis\u2013a clinicoradiologic and histopathologic analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018;116:e362-e370."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","first-page":"152","article-title":"Atypical form of cervicofacial actinomycosis involving the skull base and temporal bone","volume":"128","author":"McCann","year":"2019","unstructured":"McCann AAlvi SANewman J, et al. Atypical form of cervicofacial actinomycosis involving the skull base and temporal bone. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2019;128(2):152-156."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"147","article-title":"Cerebral actinomycosis: unusual clinical and radiological findings of an abscess","volume":"50","author":"Ham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ham HYJung SJung TYHeo SH. Cerebral actinomycosis: unusual clinical and radiological findings of an abscess. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2011;50(2):147-150."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"e269","article-title":"Cervicofacial primary cutaneous actinomycosis: surgical treatment for complete remission of the disease","volume":"28","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jeong YJSuh HWShim HS. Cervicofacial primary cutaneous actinomycosis: surgical treatment for complete remission of the disease. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(3):e269-e271."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"IDCases","first-page":"e01215","article-title":"Recurrent skull vault actinomycosis: a case report and review of literature","volume":"25","author":"Mohamad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohamad ARKoleri JHussain HMSAl Soub HAl Maslamani M. Recurrent skull vault actinomycosis: a case report and review of literature. IDCases. 2021;25:e01215."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib13","series-title":"Meningeal actinomyces mimicking meningioma, case report. Int Clinc Med Case Rep Jour","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Tena-Suck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tena-Suck ML Calder\u00f3n Garcidue\u00f1as AL, Alcocer J, et al. Meningeal actinomyces mimicking meningioma, case report. Int Clinc Med Case Rep Jour. 2022;1(5):1-7."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib14","series-title":"Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull","first-page":"217","article-title":"Actinomycosis-cerebral infection presenting as a brain tumor","volume":"4","author":"Manson","year":"1956","unstructured":"Manson GRush WESieracki JCTruant JP. Actinomycosis-cerebral infection presenting as a brain tumor. Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull. 1956;4(4):217-223."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15","series-title":"Ann Saudi Med","first-page":"515","article-title":"Intracranial actinomycosis mimicking meningioma","volume":"15","author":"Chopra","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chopra SChristie MFelimban H. Intracranial actinomycosis mimicking meningioma. Ann Saudi Med. 1995;15(5):515-518."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib16","series-title":"Singapore Med J","first-page":"465","article-title":"Cranial actinomycosis","volume":"39","author":"King","year":"1998","unstructured":"King ADChan YLWong KSSung JJFung KPoon WS. Cranial actinomycosis. Singapore Med J. 1998;39(10):465467."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"Int Wound J","first-page":"655","article-title":"Late complication after tropic storm accident: subcutaneous and intracranial actinomycetoma","volume":"5","author":"Verma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Verma SBNayak SPasale RKKittner TWollina U. Late complication after tropic storm accident: subcutaneous and intracranial actinomycetoma. Int Wound J. 2008;5(5):655-659."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","series-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis","first-page":"227","article-title":"Complicated actinomycosis of the temporal bone: a historical case report","volume":"132","author":"Oukessou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oukessou YAit Elkerdoudi MAbada RLMahtar M. Complicated actinomycosis of the temporal bone: a historical case report. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2015;132(4):227-229."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Soc Work Educ","first-page":"117","article-title":"Review articles","volume":"21","author":"Plumb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Plumb A. Review articles. 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