{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:14:08Z","timestamp":1769732048442,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fibrous dysplasia is a rare and benign skeletal lesion characterized by fibrous tissue proliferation due to an abnormal osteogenesis replacing normal bone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An 18-year-old male with fibrous dysplasia of the left sphenoid, ethmoid, orbit, and frontal bones was managed with excision and skull base reconstruction. After complete removal of the tumor, skull base reconstruction was commenced by making a reverse temporalis flap and placing it over the opened paranasal sinuses for a robust vascularized graft, followed by an abdominal fat graft, and then a pedicled pericranal flap was added to complete the multilayer onlay graft. To recreate the skull base, a mirror image of the contralateral skull base was constructed using three-dimensional (3D) printing, and the 3D-printed model was sterilized prior to the surgery. Intraoperatively, the model was then pressed onto dental alginate gel to make a negative mold. This was used to make the definitive flap using polymethylmethacrylate. Temporoplasty was also performed using polymethylmethacrylate to fill the defect left by the temporalis graft. The patient recovered well following the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Appropriate, personalized skull base reconstruction techniques can be successfully done with 3D printing using alternative low-cost materials and implements, especially following resection of cases like craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24262\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24262<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T02:44:04Z","timestamp":1727059444000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel technique for skull base reconstruction in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia surgery using three-dimensional printing and a dental alginate mold: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kirby C","family":"Manigos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph Erroll V","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenny S","family":"Seng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Carlos S","family":"Alcazaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver Ryan M","family":"Malilay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tito Guillermo D","family":"Rejante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin Paul","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","first-page":"305","volume":"12","author":"Parekh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Parekh SGDonthineni-Rao RRicchetti ELackman RD. Fibrous dysplasia. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004;12(5):305-313."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","series-title":"RadioGraphics","first-page":"519","volume":"10","author":"Kransdorf","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kransdorf MJMoser RPGilkey FW. Fibrous dysplasia. RadioGraphics. 1990;10(3):519-537."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital","first-page":"436","volume":"37","author":"Valentini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valentini VCassoni ATerenzi V, et al. Our experience in the surgical management of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: what has changed in the last 10 years? Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2017;37(5):436-443."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"Chang Gung Med J","first-page":"543","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen YRChang CNTan YC. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: an update. Chang Gung Med J. 2006;29(6):543-549."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Arch Craniofac Surg","first-page":"41","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim DY. Current concepts of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: pathophysiology and treatment. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2023;24(2):41-51."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"109","volume":"34","author":"Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain RMahendru SKhazanchi RK. A novel technique for the correction of unilateral craniofacial fibrous dysplasia using multiplanar sequential cutting guides. J Craniofac Surg. 2023;34(1):109-111."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"e720","volume":"26","author":"Nahumi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nahumi NShohet MRBederson JBElahi E. Frontorbital fibrous dysplasia resection and reconstruction with custom polyetherlatone alloplast. J Craniofac Surg. 2015;26(8):e720-e722."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"576","volume":"96","author":"Kim","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kim YOPark BY. Reverse temporalis muscle flap: treatment of large anterior cranial base defect with direct intracranial-nasopharyngeal communication. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;96(3):576-584."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9","series-title":"Mater Today Proc","first-page":"11219","volume":"5","author":"Raj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raj SAMuthukumaran EJayakrishna K. A case study of 3D printed PLA and its mechanical properties. Mater Today Proc. 2018;5(5):11219-11226."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"Molecules","first-page":"485","volume":"28","author":"Ranakoti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ranakoti LGangil BBhandari P, et al. Promising role of polylactic acid as an ingenious biomaterial in scaffolds, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and medical implants: research developments, and prospective applications. Molecules. 2023;28(2):485."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"102","volume":"34","author":"Davanzo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davanzo JRSimon SD. Temporal augmentation with poly methyl methacrylate at the time of autologous cranioplasty. Br J Neurosurg. 2020;34(1):102-103."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib12","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e25179","volume":"6","author":"Amit","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amit MCollins MTFitzGibbon EJButman JAFliss DMGil Z. Surgery versus watchful waiting in patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia\u2014a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25179."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"180","volume":"19","author":"Kabali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kabali TMMoshy JROwibingire SSSohal KSSimon ENM. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia associated with McCune-Albright syndrome: challenges in diagnosis and treatment: case reports. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):180."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"653","volume":"123","author":"Valentini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valentini VCassoni AMarianetti TMTerenzi VFadda MTIannetti G. Craniomaxillofacial fibrous dysplasia: conservative treatment or radical surgery? A retrospective study on 68 patients. 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J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2021;20(1):S240-S241."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"1256","volume":"43","author":"Darwood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Darwood ACollier JJoshi N, et al. Re-thinking 3D printing: a novel approach to guided facial contouring. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(7):1256-1260."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"729","volume":"56","author":"Dumas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dumas BMNava ALaw HZ, et al. Three-dimensional printing for craniofacial surgery: a single institution\u2019s 5-year experience. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2019;56(6):729-734."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"906","volume":"61","author":"Murray","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murray DJEdwards GMainprize JGAntonyshyn O. Advanced technology in the management of fibrous dysplasia. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(8):906-916."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib23","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1531","volume":"124","author":"Tan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan ETLing JMDinesh SK. The feasibility of producing patient-specific acrylic cranioplasty implants with a low-cost 3D printer. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(5):1531-1537."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","first-page":"305","volume":"12","author":"Parekh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Parekh SGDonthineni-Rao RRicchetti ELackman RD. Fibrous dysplasia. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2004;12(5):305-313."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2","series-title":"RadioGraphics","first-page":"519","volume":"10","author":"Kransdorf","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kransdorf MJMoser RPGilkey FW. Fibrous dysplasia. 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Arch Craniofac Surg. 2023;24(2):41-51."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"109","volume":"34","author":"Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain RMahendru SKhazanchi RK. A novel technique for the correction of unilateral craniofacial fibrous dysplasia using multiplanar sequential cutting guides. J Craniofac Surg. 2023;34(1):109-111."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"e720","volume":"26","author":"Nahumi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nahumi NShohet MRBederson JBElahi E. Frontorbital fibrous dysplasia resection and reconstruction with custom polyetherlatone alloplast. J Craniofac Surg. 2015;26(8):e720-e722."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"576","volume":"96","author":"Kim","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kim YOPark BY. Reverse temporalis muscle flap: treatment of large anterior cranial base defect with direct intracranial-nasopharyngeal communication. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;96(3):576-584."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9","series-title":"Mater Today Proc","first-page":"11219","volume":"5","author":"Raj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raj SAMuthukumaran EJayakrishna K. A case study of 3D printed PLA and its mechanical properties. Mater Today Proc. 2018;5(5):11219-11226."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"Molecules","first-page":"485","volume":"28","author":"Ranakoti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ranakoti LGangil BBhandari P, et al. Promising role of polylactic acid as an ingenious biomaterial in scaffolds, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and medical implants: research developments, and prospective applications. Molecules. 2023;28(2):485."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"102","volume":"34","author":"Davanzo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davanzo JRSimon SD. Temporal augmentation with poly methyl methacrylate at the time of autologous cranioplasty. Br J Neurosurg. 2020;34(1):102-103."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib12","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e25179","volume":"6","author":"Amit","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amit MCollins MTFitzGibbon EJButman JAFliss DMGil Z. Surgery versus watchful waiting in patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia\u2014a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25179."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"180","volume":"19","author":"Kabali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kabali TMMoshy JROwibingire SSSohal KSSimon ENM. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia associated with McCune-Albright syndrome: challenges in diagnosis and treatment: case reports. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):180."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"653","volume":"123","author":"Valentini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valentini VCassoni AMarianetti TMTerenzi VFadda MTIannetti G. Craniomaxillofacial fibrous dysplasia: conservative treatment or radical surgery? A retrospective study on 68 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;123(2):653-660."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","series-title":"Eur Ann Orl Head Neck Dis","first-page":"215","volume":"130","author":"B\u00e9quignon","year":"2013","unstructured":"B\u00e9quignon ECardinne CLachiver XWagner IChabolle FBaujat B. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia surgery: a functional approach. Eur Ann Orl Head Neck Dis. 2013;130(4):215-220."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"504","volume":"133","author":"Bhadada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhadada SKBhansali ADas S, et al. Fibrous dysplasia & McCune-Albright syndrome: an experience from a tertiary care centre in north India. Indian J Med Res. 2011;133(5):504-509."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"459","volume":"202","author":"Edgerton","year":"1985","unstructured":"Edgerton MTPersing JAJane JA. The surgical treatment of fibrous dysplasia. With emphasis on recent contributions from cranio-maxillo-facial surgery. Ann Surg. 1985;202(4):459-479."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18","series-title":"Ann Plast Surg","first-page":"195","volume":"77","author":"Denadai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Denadai RRaposo-Amaral CAMarques FFGhizoni EBuzzo CLRaposo-Amaral CE. Strategies for the optimal individualized surgical management of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. Ann Plast Surg. 2016;77(2):195-200."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg","article-title":"Transcranial orbital reconstruction using patient-specific implant prothesis in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. 45th AOMSI Conference","author":"Shanjay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shanjay SS. Transcranial orbital reconstruction using patient-specific implant prothesis in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. 45th AOMSI Conference. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2021;20(1):S240-S241."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"1256","volume":"43","author":"Darwood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Darwood ACollier JJoshi N, et al. Re-thinking 3D printing: a novel approach to guided facial contouring. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(7):1256-1260."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"729","volume":"56","author":"Dumas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dumas BMNava ALaw HZ, et al. Three-dimensional printing for craniofacial surgery: a single institution\u2019s 5-year experience. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2019;56(6):729-734."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"906","volume":"61","author":"Murray","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murray DJEdwards GMainprize JGAntonyshyn O. Advanced technology in the management of fibrous dysplasia. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(8):906-916."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib23","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1531","volume":"124","author":"Tan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan ETLing JMDinesh SK. The feasibility of producing patient-specific acrylic cranioplasty implants with a low-cost 3D printer. 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