{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:38:02Z","timestamp":1769729882400,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vision loss following supine craniotomy is an unexpected and devastating complication for the patient and the operating team. Postoperative vision loss (POVL) is commonly associated with cardiac, spinal, neck, and prone head surgeries, as they share common risk factors, such as a prone position, intraoperative hypotension, a longer anesthesia duration, and the use of vasopressors. Herein, the authors report a case of irreversible vision loss following a frontal craniotomy in the supine position together with a review of the literature. All published cases in the literature since the first reported case in 1970 are summarized. Possible etiologies and proposed preventive measures are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Different pathologies, such as vascular, intra-axial, and extra-axial lesions, are associated with POVL and have similar clinical courses and nonrecovery rates, which raises the question of whether POVL begins during the exposure part of these surgeries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventive measures could include avoiding direct ocular pressure during flap reflection, the use of elastic bands or fishhooks to avoid stretching the orbital contents and impairing venous outflow, and a careful review of the venous drainage of frontal tumors, which could help avoid unnecessary large venous thrombi or waxing. The role of intraoperative visual neurophysiological monitoring in predicting POVL requires further exploration.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2434\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2434<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T02:46:56Z","timestamp":1724035616000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Permanent unilateral visual loss and orbital compartment syndrome following unilateral frontal craniotomy: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Abdulaziz A","family":"Basurrah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulgadir T","family":"Atteiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balgees A","family":"Ajlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irshad A","family":"Subhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Ophthalmology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Ophthalmology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essam M","family":"Rezk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"Surv Ophthalmol","first-page":"15","article-title":"Perioperative posterior ischemic optic neuropathy: review of the literature","volume":"50","author":"Buono","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buono LMForoozan R. Perioperative posterior ischemic optic neuropathy: review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol. 2005;50(1):15-26."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"652","article-title":"The American Society of Anesthesiologists Postoperative Visual Loss Registry: analysis of 93 spine surgery cases with postoperative visual loss","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee LARoth SPosner KL, et al. The American Society of Anesthesiologists Postoperative Visual Loss Registry: analysis of 93 spine surgery cases with postoperative visual loss. Anesthesiology. 2006;105(4):652-659, 867."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"J Lab Clin Med","first-page":"184","article-title":"Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: associations with homozygosity for the C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation","volume":"143","author":"Glueck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Glueck CJWang PGBell HRangaraj VGoldenberg N. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: associations with homozygosity for the C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation. J Lab Clin Med. 2004;143(3):184-192."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Postoperative ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"80","author":"Williams","year":"1995","unstructured":"Williams ELHart WMTempelhoff R. Postoperative ischemic optic neuropathy. Anesth Analg. 1995;80(5):1018-1029."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Miller\u2019s Anesthesia","first-page":"2821","article-title":"Postoperative visual loss","author":"Roth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roth S. Postoperative visual loss. In: Miller RD, ed. Miller\u2019s Anesthesia. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2010:2821-2824."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"72","article-title":"Acute monocular blindness due to orbital compartment syndrome following pterional craniotomy","volume":"114","author":"Habets","year":"2018","unstructured":"Habets JGVHaeren RHLLie SANBauer NJCDings JTA. Acute monocular blindness due to orbital compartment syndrome following pterional craniotomy. World Neurosurg. 2018;114:72-75."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"905","article-title":"Visual loss after neurosurgical repair of paraclinoid aneurysms","volume":"102","author":"Rizzo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rizzo JF III. Visual loss after neurosurgical repair of paraclinoid aneurysms. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(6):905-910."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"299","article-title":"Bilateral orbital compartment syndrome and blindness after cerebral aneurysm repair surgery","volume":"26","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takahashi YKakizaki HSelva DLeibovitch I. Bilateral orbital compartment syndrome and blindness after cerebral aneurysm repair surgery. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;26(4):299-301."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9","series-title":"Surv Ophthalmol","first-page":"441","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome: the ophthalmic surgical emergency","volume":"54","author":"Lima","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lima VBurt BLeibovitch IPrabhakaran VGoldberg RASelva D. Orbital compartment syndrome: the ophthalmic surgical emergency. Surv Ophthalmol. 2009;54(4):441-449."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","series-title":"Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc","first-page":"147","article-title":"Blindness following relief of increased intracranial pressure. A sequel to severe papilledema","volume":"35","author":"Obenchain","year":"1970","unstructured":"Obenchain TGCrandall PHHepler RS. Blindness following relief of increased intracranial pressure. A sequel to severe papilledema. Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc. 1970;35(4):147-152."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Acta Neurochir","first-page":"221","article-title":"Sudden unilateral blindness after intracranial aneurysm surgery","volume":"139","author":"Kang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kang SYang YKim TKim J. Sudden unilateral blindness after intracranial aneurysm surgery. Acta Neurochir. 1997;139(3):221-226."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","series-title":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","first-page":"265","article-title":"Severe intraoperative orbital venous congestion during resection of a frontal meningioma presenting with post-operative vision loss and ophthalmoplegia: a case report","volume":"43","author":"Leung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leung VShemesh AAAl Shafai LKrings TValiante TMargolin E. Severe intraoperative orbital venous congestion during resection of a frontal meningioma presenting with post-operative vision loss and ophthalmoplegia: a case report. Neuro-Ophthalmology. 2019;43(4):265-268."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"36","article-title":"Post-craniotomy blindness in the supine position: unlikely or ignored?","volume":"8","author":"Vahedi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vahedi PMeshkini AMohajernezhadfard ZTubbs RS. Post-craniotomy blindness in the supine position: unlikely or ignored?Asian J Neurosurg. 2013;8(1):36-41."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"588","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome without evidence of orbital mass or ocular compression after pterional craniotomy for removal of meningioma of the frontal lobe: a case report and literature review","volume":"139","author":"Dunford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dunford JMMiller C. Orbital compartment syndrome without evidence of orbital mass or ocular compression after pterional craniotomy for removal of meningioma of the frontal lobe: a case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2020;139:588-591."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"218","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome after frontotemporal craniotomy: case report and review of literature","volume":"109","author":"Pahl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pahl FHde Oliveira MFDal Col L\u00facio JESouza E Castro EFCastro EF. Orbital compartment syndrome after frontotemporal craniotomy: case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 2018;109:218-221."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol Case Rep","first-page":"383","article-title":"Ophthalmic artery occlusion due to orbital compartment syndrome after a frontotemporal craniotomy","volume":"1","author":"DeMaria","year":"2021","unstructured":"DeMaria LTran AQTooley AAAbdelhakim ABelinsky IKim E. Ophthalmic artery occlusion due to orbital compartment syndrome after a frontotemporal craniotomy. Indian J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2021;1(2):383-385."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib17","series-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol","first-page":"374","article-title":"Postoperative posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) following right pterional meningioma surgery","volume":"19","author":"Maramattom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maramattom BVSundar SThomas DPanikar D. Postoperative posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) following right pterional meningioma surgery. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2016;19(3):374-376."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"422","article-title":"Bilateral orbital infarction syndrome after bifrontal craniotomy","volume":"125","author":"Maier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maier PFeltgen NLagr\u00e8ze WA. Bilateral orbital infarction syndrome after bifrontal craniotomy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125(3):422-423."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib19","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"163","article-title":"Sudden visual loss due to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy following craniotomy for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm","volume":"55","author":"Choudhari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choudhari KAPherwani AA. Sudden visual loss due to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy following craniotomy for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Neurol India. 2007;55(2):163-165."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"134","article-title":"Bispectral index sensor as a possible cause of postoperative visual loss after frontal craniotomy","volume":"103","author":"Yamashita","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamashita STakahashi HTanaka M. Bispectral index sensor as a possible cause of postoperative visual loss after frontal craniotomy. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103(1):134."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"bcr2014208393","article-title":"Sudden-onset monocular blindness following orbito-zygomatic craniotomy for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm","volume":"2016","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mukherjee SThakur BTolias C. Sudden-onset monocular blindness following orbito-zygomatic craniotomy for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016:bcr2014208393."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"594","article-title":"Orbital infarction syndrome after surgery for intracranial aneurysms","volume":"102","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zimmerman CFVan Patten PDGolnik KCKopitnik TAJrAnand R. Orbital infarction syndrome after surgery for intracranial aneurysms. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(4):594-598."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib23","series-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"819","article-title":"Unilateral blindness occurring during anesthesia for neurosurgical operations","volume":"52","author":"Hollenhorst","year":"1954","unstructured":"Hollenhorst RWSvien HJBenoit CF. Unilateral blindness occurring during anesthesia for neurosurgical operations. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1954;52(6):819-830."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome following aneurysm surgery","volume":"19","author":"Gauden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gauden AJHardy TMack HGDanesh-Meyer HVKaye AH. Orbital compartment syndrome following aneurysm surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19(7):1032-1036."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"196","article-title":"Post-decompression optic neuropathy","volume":"63","author":"Beck","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beck RWGreenberg HS. Post-decompression optic neuropathy. J Neurosurg. 1985;63(2):196-199."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"335","article-title":"Multiple intracranial juvenile xanthogranulomas. Case report","volume":"93","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bostr\u00f6m JJanssen GMessing-J\u00fcnger M, et al. Multiple intracranial juvenile xanthogranulomas. Case report. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(2):335-341."},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"F1000Res","first-page":"27","article-title":"Postoperative visual loss following cerebral arteriovenous malformation surgery: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Goettel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goettel NGhosh JTymianski MManninen PH. Postoperative visual loss following cerebral arteriovenous malformation surgery: a case report. F1000Res. 2014;3:27."},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"Clin Ophthalmol","first-page":"2189","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome: an update with review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"McCallum","year":"2019","unstructured":"McCallum EKeren SLapira MNorris JH. Orbital compartment syndrome: an update with review of the literature. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019;13:2189-2194."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib29","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"2657","article-title":"Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy following supine craniotomy for epidural abscess in a child","volume":"37","author":"Oliver","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliver JDKobets AJJudy BFCohen AR. Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy following supine craniotomy for epidural abscess in a child. Childs Nerv Syst. 2021;37(8):2657-2660."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"Surv Ophthalmol","first-page":"15","article-title":"Perioperative posterior ischemic optic neuropathy: review of the literature","volume":"50","author":"Buono","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buono LMForoozan R. Perioperative posterior ischemic optic neuropathy: review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol. 2005;50(1):15-26."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"652","article-title":"The American Society of Anesthesiologists Postoperative Visual Loss Registry: analysis of 93 spine surgery cases with postoperative visual loss","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee LARoth SPosner KL, et al. The American Society of Anesthesiologists Postoperative Visual Loss Registry: analysis of 93 spine surgery cases with postoperative visual loss. Anesthesiology. 2006;105(4):652-659, 867."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"J Lab Clin Med","first-page":"184","article-title":"Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: associations with homozygosity for the C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation","volume":"143","author":"Glueck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Glueck CJWang PGBell HRangaraj VGoldenberg N. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: associations with homozygosity for the C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation. J Lab Clin Med. 2004;143(3):184-192."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","series-title":"Anesth Analg","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Postoperative ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"80","author":"Williams","year":"1995","unstructured":"Williams ELHart WMTempelhoff R. Postoperative ischemic optic neuropathy. Anesth Analg. 1995;80(5):1018-1029."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Miller\u2019s Anesthesia","first-page":"2821","article-title":"Postoperative visual loss","author":"Roth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roth S. Postoperative visual loss. In: Miller RD, ed. Miller\u2019s Anesthesia. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2010:2821-2824."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"72","article-title":"Acute monocular blindness due to orbital compartment syndrome following pterional craniotomy","volume":"114","author":"Habets","year":"2018","unstructured":"Habets JGVHaeren RHLLie SANBauer NJCDings JTA. Acute monocular blindness due to orbital compartment syndrome following pterional craniotomy. World Neurosurg. 2018;114:72-75."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"905","article-title":"Visual loss after neurosurgical repair of paraclinoid aneurysms","volume":"102","author":"Rizzo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rizzo JF III. Visual loss after neurosurgical repair of paraclinoid aneurysms. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(6):905-910."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"299","article-title":"Bilateral orbital compartment syndrome and blindness after cerebral aneurysm repair surgery","volume":"26","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takahashi YKakizaki HSelva DLeibovitch I. Bilateral orbital compartment syndrome and blindness after cerebral aneurysm repair surgery. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;26(4):299-301."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9","series-title":"Surv Ophthalmol","first-page":"441","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome: the ophthalmic surgical emergency","volume":"54","author":"Lima","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lima VBurt BLeibovitch IPrabhakaran VGoldberg RASelva D. Orbital compartment syndrome: the ophthalmic surgical emergency. Surv Ophthalmol. 2009;54(4):441-449."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","series-title":"Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc","first-page":"147","article-title":"Blindness following relief of increased intracranial pressure. A sequel to severe papilledema","volume":"35","author":"Obenchain","year":"1970","unstructured":"Obenchain TGCrandall PHHepler RS. Blindness following relief of increased intracranial pressure. A sequel to severe papilledema. Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc. 1970;35(4):147-152."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Acta Neurochir","first-page":"221","article-title":"Sudden unilateral blindness after intracranial aneurysm surgery","volume":"139","author":"Kang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kang SYang YKim TKim J. Sudden unilateral blindness after intracranial aneurysm surgery. Acta Neurochir. 1997;139(3):221-226."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","series-title":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","first-page":"265","article-title":"Severe intraoperative orbital venous congestion during resection of a frontal meningioma presenting with post-operative vision loss and ophthalmoplegia: a case report","volume":"43","author":"Leung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leung VShemesh AAAl Shafai LKrings TValiante TMargolin E. Severe intraoperative orbital venous congestion during resection of a frontal meningioma presenting with post-operative vision loss and ophthalmoplegia: a case report. Neuro-Ophthalmology. 2019;43(4):265-268."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"36","article-title":"Post-craniotomy blindness in the supine position: unlikely or ignored?","volume":"8","author":"Vahedi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vahedi PMeshkini AMohajernezhadfard ZTubbs RS. Post-craniotomy blindness in the supine position: unlikely or ignored?Asian J Neurosurg. 2013;8(1):36-41."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"588","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome without evidence of orbital mass or ocular compression after pterional craniotomy for removal of meningioma of the frontal lobe: a case report and literature review","volume":"139","author":"Dunford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dunford JMMiller C. Orbital compartment syndrome without evidence of orbital mass or ocular compression after pterional craniotomy for removal of meningioma of the frontal lobe: a case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2020;139:588-591."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"218","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome after frontotemporal craniotomy: case report and review of literature","volume":"109","author":"Pahl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pahl FHde Oliveira MFDal Col L\u00facio JESouza E Castro EFCastro EF. Orbital compartment syndrome after frontotemporal craniotomy: case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 2018;109:218-221."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol Case Rep","first-page":"383","article-title":"Ophthalmic artery occlusion due to orbital compartment syndrome after a frontotemporal craniotomy","volume":"1","author":"DeMaria","year":"2021","unstructured":"DeMaria LTran AQTooley AAAbdelhakim ABelinsky IKim E. Ophthalmic artery occlusion due to orbital compartment syndrome after a frontotemporal craniotomy. Indian J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2021;1(2):383-385."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib17","series-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol","first-page":"374","article-title":"Postoperative posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) following right pterional meningioma surgery","volume":"19","author":"Maramattom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maramattom BVSundar SThomas DPanikar D. Postoperative posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) following right pterional meningioma surgery. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2016;19(3):374-376."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"422","article-title":"Bilateral orbital infarction syndrome after bifrontal craniotomy","volume":"125","author":"Maier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maier PFeltgen NLagr\u00e8ze WA. Bilateral orbital infarction syndrome after bifrontal craniotomy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125(3):422-423."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib19","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"163","article-title":"Sudden visual loss due to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy following craniotomy for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm","volume":"55","author":"Choudhari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choudhari KAPherwani AA. Sudden visual loss due to posterior ischemic optic neuropathy following craniotomy for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Neurol India. 2007;55(2):163-165."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"134","article-title":"Bispectral index sensor as a possible cause of postoperative visual loss after frontal craniotomy","volume":"103","author":"Yamashita","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamashita STakahashi HTanaka M. Bispectral index sensor as a possible cause of postoperative visual loss after frontal craniotomy. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103(1):134."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"bcr2014208393","article-title":"Sudden-onset monocular blindness following orbito-zygomatic craniotomy for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm","volume":"2016","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mukherjee SThakur BTolias C. Sudden-onset monocular blindness following orbito-zygomatic craniotomy for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016:bcr2014208393."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"594","article-title":"Orbital infarction syndrome after surgery for intracranial aneurysms","volume":"102","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zimmerman CFVan Patten PDGolnik KCKopitnik TAJrAnand R. Orbital infarction syndrome after surgery for intracranial aneurysms. Ophthalmology. 1995;102(4):594-598."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib23","series-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"819","article-title":"Unilateral blindness occurring during anesthesia for neurosurgical operations","volume":"52","author":"Hollenhorst","year":"1954","unstructured":"Hollenhorst RWSvien HJBenoit CF. Unilateral blindness occurring during anesthesia for neurosurgical operations. AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1954;52(6):819-830."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome following aneurysm surgery","volume":"19","author":"Gauden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gauden AJHardy TMack HGDanesh-Meyer HVKaye AH. Orbital compartment syndrome following aneurysm surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19(7):1032-1036."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"196","article-title":"Post-decompression optic neuropathy","volume":"63","author":"Beck","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beck RWGreenberg HS. Post-decompression optic neuropathy. J Neurosurg. 1985;63(2):196-199."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"335","article-title":"Multiple intracranial juvenile xanthogranulomas. Case report","volume":"93","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bostr\u00f6m JJanssen GMessing-J\u00fcnger M, et al. Multiple intracranial juvenile xanthogranulomas. Case report. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(2):335-341."},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"F1000Res","first-page":"27","article-title":"Postoperative visual loss following cerebral arteriovenous malformation surgery: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Goettel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goettel NGhosh JTymianski MManninen PH. Postoperative visual loss following cerebral arteriovenous malformation surgery: a case report. F1000Res. 2014;3:27."},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"Clin Ophthalmol","first-page":"2189","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome: an update with review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"McCallum","year":"2019","unstructured":"McCallum EKeren SLapira MNorris JH. Orbital compartment syndrome: an update with review of the literature. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019;13:2189-2194."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib29","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"2657","article-title":"Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy following supine craniotomy for epidural abscess in a child","volume":"37","author":"Oliver","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliver JDKobets AJJudy BFCohen AR. Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy following supine craniotomy for epidural abscess in a child. 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