{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:39:10Z","timestamp":1792593550384,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early venous drainage is a critical diagnostic feature of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). However, other conditions associated with early venous drainage can mimic AVMs and AVFs and mislead the treating physician team.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors present a unique case of a 56-year-old man with new left hemianopsia. Workup with magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography had revealed cortical enhancement and early venous drainage, possibly caused by an AVF or AVM. Catheter angiography confirmed the presence of early venous drainage of specifically the right occipital lobe. The early venous drainage occurred as the result of local hyperperfusion limited to the right occipital lobe. Subsequent electroencephalography confirmed focal seizure activity in the right occipital lobe. After seizure control with multiple antiepileptic medications, the patient regained his vision. Repeat digital subtraction angiography revealed restoration of normal cerebral blood flow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early venous drainage observed during catheter angiography can be associated with seizure activity. Differentiation from other conditions, such as AVM, AVF, or ischemic stroke, is critical to facilitate prompt and appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T02:45:47Z","timestamp":1714358747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Early cerebral venous drainage associated with focal seizures: a correlation of digital subtraction angiography and electroencephalography. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Holman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M","family":"Bibawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Wadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel C","family":"Morgenlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik F","family":"Hauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"476","article-title":"A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations","volume":"65","author":"Spetzler RF","year":"1986","unstructured":"Spetzler RF, Martin NA. A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1986;65(4):476\u2013483."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"671","article-title":"Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage","volume":"194","author":"Cognard C","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cognard C, Gobin YP, Pierot L,  Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage. Radiology. 1995;194(3):671\u2013680."},{"issue":"9","key":"b3","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"2650","article-title":"Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement","volume":"44","author":"Zaidat OO","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zaidat OO, Yoo AJ, Khatri P,  Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement. Stroke. 2013;44(9):2650\u20132663."},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"745","article-title":"Early venous drainage after successful endovascular recanalization in ischemic stroke \u2014 a predictor for final infarct volume?","volume":"54","author":"Dorn F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dorn F, Kuntze-Soderqvist A, Popp S,  Early venous drainage after successful endovascular recanalization in ischemic stroke \u2014 a predictor for final infarct volume? Neuroradiology. 2012;54(7):745\u2013751."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"87","article-title":"Cerebral hypervascularity and early venous opacification in status epilepticus. A case report","volume":"117","author":"McDonald EJ Jr","year":"1975","unstructured":"McDonald EJ Jr, Goodman PC, Nielsen SL, Winestock DP. Cerebral hypervascularity and early venous opacification in status epilepticus. A case report. Radiology. 1975;117(1):87\u201388."},{"issue":"9","key":"b6","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr","first-page":"706","article-title":"Intracranial blood flow velocities during seizures and generalized epileptic discharges","volume":"151","author":"Bode H","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bode H. Intracranial blood flow velocities during seizures and generalized epileptic discharges. Eur J Pediatr. 1992;151(9):706\u2013709."},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"b7","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"855","article-title":"Supplementary sensorimotor area epilepsy. Seizure localization, cortical propagation and subcortical activation pathways using ictal SPECT","volume":"120","author":"Laich E","year":"1997","unstructured":"Laich E, Kuzniecky R, Mountz J,  Supplementary sensorimotor area epilepsy. Seizure localization, cortical propagation and subcortical activation pathways using ictal SPECT. Brain. 1997;120(Pt 5):855\u2013864."},{"issue":"7","key":"b8","series-title":"Eur J Radiol","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Capability of arterial spin labeling MR imaging in localizing seizure focus in clinical seizure activity","volume":"85","author":"Kim BS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim BS, Lee ST, Yun TJ,  Capability of arterial spin labeling MR imaging in localizing seizure focus in clinical seizure activity. Eur J Radiol. 2016;85(7):1295\u20131303."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"110","article-title":"CT perfusion and EEG patterns in patients with acute isolated aphasia in seizure-related stroke mimics","volume":"71","author":"Manganotti P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manganotti P, Furlanis G, Aj\u010devi\u0107 M,  CT perfusion and EEG patterns in patients with acute isolated aphasia in seizure-related stroke mimics. Seizure. 2019;71:110\u2013115."},{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"476","article-title":"A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations","volume":"65","author":"Spetzler RF","year":"1986","unstructured":"Spetzler RF, Martin NA. A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg. 1986;65(4):476\u2013483."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"671","article-title":"Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage","volume":"194","author":"Cognard C","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cognard C, Gobin YP, Pierot L,  Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage. Radiology. 1995;194(3):671\u2013680."},{"issue":"9","key":"b3","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"2650","article-title":"Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement","volume":"44","author":"Zaidat OO","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zaidat OO, Yoo AJ, Khatri P,  Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement. Stroke. 2013;44(9):2650\u20132663."},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"745","article-title":"Early venous drainage after successful endovascular recanalization in ischemic stroke \u2014 a predictor for final infarct volume?","volume":"54","author":"Dorn F","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dorn F, Kuntze-Soderqvist A, Popp S,  Early venous drainage after successful endovascular recanalization in ischemic stroke \u2014 a predictor for final infarct volume? Neuroradiology. 2012;54(7):745\u2013751."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"87","article-title":"Cerebral hypervascularity and early venous opacification in status epilepticus. A case report","volume":"117","author":"McDonald EJ Jr","year":"1975","unstructured":"McDonald EJ Jr, Goodman PC, Nielsen SL, Winestock DP. Cerebral hypervascularity and early venous opacification in status epilepticus. A case report. Radiology. 1975;117(1):87\u201388."},{"issue":"9","key":"b6","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr","first-page":"706","article-title":"Intracranial blood flow velocities during seizures and generalized epileptic discharges","volume":"151","author":"Bode H","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bode H. Intracranial blood flow velocities during seizures and generalized epileptic discharges. Eur J Pediatr. 1992;151(9):706\u2013709."},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"b7","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"855","article-title":"Supplementary sensorimotor area epilepsy. 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Eur J Radiol. 2016;85(7):1295\u20131303."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"110","article-title":"CT perfusion and EEG patterns in patients with acute isolated aphasia in seizure-related stroke mimics","volume":"71","author":"Manganotti P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manganotti P, Furlanis G, Aj\u010devi\u0107 M,  CT perfusion and EEG patterns in patients with acute isolated aphasia in seizure-related stroke mimics. Seizure. 2019;71:110\u2013115."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/18\/article-CASE2445.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/18\/article-CASE2445.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/18\/article-CASE2445.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T14:23:29Z","timestamp":1770301409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/7\/18\/article-CASE2445.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case2445","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]}}}