{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T10:24:40Z","timestamp":1770114280715,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n The diagnosis of intracranial extraosseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma (EES) poses challenges due to the absence of specific clinical and imaging features prior to surgery. It is crucial to differentiate the tumor from other small round cell malignancies postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n A 7-year-old patient was admitted to the authors\u2019 hospital due to the in situ recurrence of a posterior fossa tumor more than 1 month after the initial surgery for headache. Subsequently, a second surgery was performed at the authors\u2019 hospital, and pathological analysis indicated medulloblastoma. Genetic testing indicated Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. After 16 cycles of chemotherapy and 8 weeks of focal radiotherapy, the patient continued to exhibit clinical and radiographic remission. Whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed intraspinal enhancing lesions, which extended throughout the entire spinal canal. Palliative treatment was administered. The patient has been under observation for 2 months thus far, demonstrating disease stability as a result of the palliative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n Primary intracranial EES is an exceptionally rare condition that can be easily misdiagnosed. Genetic testing is necessary to differentiate it from other small round cell tumors. Currently, a combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy has proven to be an effective treatment approach. Postoperative follow-up should include MRI examination of the entire nervous system to detect any cerebrospinal fluid seeding metastasis and reduce mortality.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24488<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T01:47:03Z","timestamp":1736128023000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Primary intracranial extraosseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma with intraspinal metastasis in children: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","series-title":"Nerv Syst Child","first-page":"303","article-title":"A case of peripheral PNET\/Ewing\u2019s sarcoma family tumor arising from cranial dura matter","volume":"47","author":"Hosoya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hosoya TKambe AKamitani H, et al. A case of peripheral PNET\/Ewing\u2019s sarcoma family tumor arising from cranial dura matter. Article in Japanese. Nerv Syst Child. 2022;47(3):303-308."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Radiol Case Rep","first-page":"21","article-title":"Rare origin\u2014Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the pleura: a case report and literature review","volume":"17","author":"Juan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Juan LJianqun YFanglan L. Rare origin\u2014Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the pleura: a case report and literature review. J Radiol Case Rep. 2023;17(10):21-25."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib3","series-title":"Diagn Cytopathol","first-page":"E159","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma of the mandible: a rare case report and literature review","volume":"52","author":"G\u00fcndo\u011far","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00fcndo\u011far \u00d6Komut NBekta\u015f STetik FU\u00e7ar N. Ewing sarcoma of the mandible: a rare case report and literature review. Diagn Cytopathol. 2024;52(7):E159-E163."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Oral Oncol","first-page":"106916","article-title":"Extraskeletal Ewing\u2019s sarcoma on hard palate biltaerally: a rare case report","volume":"156","author":"Tomar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tomar AJain HK. Extraskeletal Ewing\u2019s sarcoma on hard palate biltaerally: a rare case report. Oral Oncol. 2024;156:106916."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Korean J Clin Oncol","first-page":"69","article-title":"Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma of the pancreas: a case report","volume":"19","author":"Gecici","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gecici NNCamurdan VBKhatalin MAYildirim O. Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma of the pancreas: a case report. Korean J Clin Oncol. 2023;19(2):69-72."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","series-title":"Curr Opin Oncol","first-page":"412","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma: historical perspectives, current state-of-the-art, and opportunities for targeted therapy in the future","volume":"20","author":"Ludwig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ludwig JA. Ewing sarcoma: historical perspectives, current state-of-the-art, and opportunities for targeted therapy in the future. Curr Opin Oncol. 2008;20(4):412-418."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract","first-page":"119","article-title":"Intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting as neurosurgical emergency: a report of two cases","volume":"14","author":"Datta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Datta DSekar AParameshwar VGPurkait SBansal S. Intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting as neurosurgical emergency: a report of two cases. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2023;14(1):119-122."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","first-page":"250","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Ewing sarcoma of the bone: a review article","volume":"20","author":"Ozaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ozaki T. Diagnosis and treatment of Ewing sarcoma of the bone: a review article. J Orthop Sci. 2015;20(2):250-263."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"5523","article-title":"Potential approaches to the treatment of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu HGe YGuo LHuang L. Potential approaches to the treatment of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. Oncotarget. 2017;8(3):5523-5539."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep","first-page":"107399","article-title":"Esophageal extraskeletal neoplasm Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: case report","volume":"97","author":"Khalid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalid HHussain NShamshad R. Esophageal extraskeletal neoplasm Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022;97:107399."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib11","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"Cd011406","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents, and young adults with first recurrence of Ewing sarcoma","volume":"9","author":"Haveman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haveman LMvan ERvan Dalen EC, et al. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents, and young adults with first recurrence of Ewing sarcoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;9(9):Cd011406."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","series-title":"RadioGraphics","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma from head to toe: multimodality imaging review","volume":"42","author":"Wright","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wright ADesai MBolan CW, et al. Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma from head to toe: multimodality imaging review. RadioGraphics. 2022;42(4):1145-1160."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib13","series-title":"JAAPA","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recognizing and treating patients with Ewing sarcoma","volume":"36","author":"Windheuser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Windheuser AGardner N. Recognizing and treating patients with Ewing sarcoma. JAAPA. 2023;36(9):1-4."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Balkan J Med Genet","first-page":"77","article-title":"Unusual manifestation of extraosseous Ewing sarcoma: report of 3 cases","volume":"25","author":"Ioannidou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ioannidou MTsotridou ESamoladas E, et al. Unusual manifestation of extraosseous Ewing sarcoma: report of 3 cases. Balkan J Med Genet. 2023;25(2):77-81."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib15","series-title":"RadioGraphics","first-page":"803","article-title":"From the radiologic pathology archives: Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"33","author":"Murphey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murphey MDSenchak LTMambalam PKLogie CIKlassen-Fischer MKKransdorf MJ. From the radiologic pathology archives: Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics. 2013;33(3):803-831."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","series-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol","first-page":"419","article-title":"Bone tumors occurring in the soft tissues: a review of the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings","volume":"50","author":"Veselis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Veselis CAAwan OThomas A, et al. Bone tumors occurring in the soft tissues: a review of the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2021;50(3):419-429."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Primary, dural-based, Ewing sarcoma in a pediatric patient: presentation of a rare tumor entity with literature review","volume":"39","author":"Guler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guler ASenol YC. Primary, dural-based, Ewing sarcoma in a pediatric patient: presentation of a rare tumor entity with literature review. Childs Nerv Syst. 2023;39(4):1071-1075."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib18","series-title":"Oncol Lett","first-page":"6157","article-title":"Ewing\u2019s sarcoma in the spinal canal of T12-L3: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan DZhang JZhong D. Ewing\u2019s sarcoma in the spinal canal of T12-L3: a case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett. 2019;18(6):6157-6163."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Sarcoma","first-page":"856190","article-title":"Pathobiologic markers of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: state of the art and prediction of behaviour","volume":"2011","author":"Pinto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinto ADickman PParham D. Pathobiologic markers of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: state of the art and prediction of behaviour. Sarcoma. 2011;2011:856190."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib20","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Morphologic and immunophenotypic diversity in Ewing family tumors: a study of 66 genetically confirmed cases","volume":"29","author":"Folpe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Folpe ALGoldblum JRRubin BP, et al. Morphologic and immunophenotypic diversity in Ewing family tumors: a study of 66 genetically confirmed cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(8):1025-1033."},{"issue":"16","key":"bib21","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"4035","article-title":"Targeted therapy for EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma","volume":"15","author":"Gong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gong HXue BRu JPei GLi Y. Targeted therapy for EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(16):4035."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Res Diagn Interv Imaging","first-page":"100023","article-title":"Analysis on diagnostic failure of US-guided core needle biopsy for soft tissue tumors","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang YLMa QHu Y, et al. Analysis on diagnostic failure of US-guided core needle biopsy for soft tissue tumors. Res Diagn Interv Imaging. 2023;5:100023."},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Sarcoma","first-page":"854141","article-title":"Very late local relapse of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the head and neck treated with aggressive multimodal therapy","volume":"2008","author":"Thariat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thariat JItaliano APeyrade F, et al. Very late local relapse of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the head and neck treated with aggressive multimodal therapy. Sarcoma. 2008;2008:854141."},{"issue":"25","key":"bib24","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"3258","article-title":"Analysis of the expression of cell cycle regulators in Ewing cell lines: EWS-FLI-1 modulates p57KIP2and c-Myc expression","volume":"20","author":"Dauphinot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dauphinot LDe Oliveira CMelot T, et al. Analysis of the expression of cell cycle regulators in Ewing cell lines: EWS-FLI-1 modulates p57KIP2and c-Myc expression. Oncogene. 2001;20(25):3258-3265."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"279","article-title":"Bone tumor environment as a potential therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma","volume":"5","author":"Redini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Redini FHeymann D. Bone tumor environment as a potential therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma. Front Oncol. 2015;5:279."},{"issue":"24","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"3838","article-title":"Local control in pelvic Ewing sarcoma: analysis from INT-0091\u2014a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"24","author":"Yock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yock TIKrailo MFryer CJ, et al. Local control in pelvic Ewing sarcoma: analysis from INT-0091\u2014a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(24):3838-3843."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib27","series-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol","first-page":"12","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma: biology-based therapeutic perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Potratz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Potratz JJ\u00fcrgens HCraft ADirksen U. Ewing sarcoma: biology-based therapeutic perspectives. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2012;29(1):12-27."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28","series-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw","first-page":"155","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: bone cancer, version 2.2017","volume":"15","author":"Biermann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biermann JSChow WReed DR, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: bone cancer, version 2.2017. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017;15(2):155-167."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib29","series-title":"Pediatr Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"837","article-title":"Coexistence of cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor and cerebellar dysplasia: case report","volume":"16","author":"Jay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jay V. Coexistence of cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor and cerebellar dysplasia: case report. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med. 1996;16(5):837-843."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","series-title":"Neuropathology","first-page":"35","article-title":"Meningeal Ewing sarcoma\/peripheral PNET: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and FISH study of four cases","volume":"37","author":"Ke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ke ChDuan QYang H, et al. Meningeal Ewing sarcoma\/peripheral PNET: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and FISH study of four cases. Neuropathology. 2017;37(1):35-44."},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"Case Rep Pediatr","first-page":"1521407","article-title":"Primary occipital Ewing\u2019s sarcoma with subsequent spinal seeding","volume":"2017","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alqahtani AAmer RBakhsh E. Primary occipital Ewing\u2019s sarcoma with subsequent spinal seeding. Case Rep Pediatr. 2017;2017:1521407."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib32","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"351","article-title":"Primary intracranial dural-based Ewing sarcoma\/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor mimicking a meningioma: a rare tumor with review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar VSingh ASharma VKumar M. Primary intracranial dural-based Ewing sarcoma\/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor mimicking a meningioma: a rare tumor with review of literature. Asian J Neurosurg. 2017;12(3):351-357."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib33","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"541","article-title":"Primary intracranial extraosseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma","volume":"35","author":"Sohail","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sohail AHSachal MMaan MAASoban MKhan MSBari ME. Primary intracranial extraosseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019;35(3):541-545."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib34","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"1675","article-title":"Primary and metastatic intracranial Ewing sarcoma at diagnosis: retrospective international study and systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Haveman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haveman LMRanft ABerg HVD, et al. Primary and metastatic intracranial Ewing sarcoma at diagnosis: retrospective international study and systematic review. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(6):1675"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib35","series-title":"Bone Joint J","first-page":"247","article-title":"Risk analysis factors for local recurrence in Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: when should adjuvant radiotherapy be administered?","volume":"100","author":"Albergo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albergo JIGaston CLLParry MC, et al. Risk analysis factors for local recurrence in Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: when should adjuvant radiotherapy be administered? Bone Joint J. 2018;100-B(2):247-255."},{"key":"bib36","series-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol","first-page":"152152","article-title":"Primary Ewing sarcoma of the lung: a systematic review of the recent literature","volume":"65","author":"Fedeli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fedeli MAMarras VFara AM, et al. Primary Ewing sarcoma of the lung: a systematic review of the recent literature. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2023;65:152152."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib37","series-title":"Am J Clin Oncol","first-page":"423","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and complications in pediatric Ewing sarcoma","volume":"40","author":"Hamilton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamilton SNCarlson RHasan HRassekh SRGoddard K. Long-term outcomes and complications in pediatric Ewing sarcoma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2017;40(4):423-428."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib38","series-title":"Scand J Surg","first-page":"206","article-title":"Pelvic bone sarcomas, prognostic factors, and treatment: a narrative review of the literature","volume":"112","author":"Laitinen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laitinen MKParry MCMorris GVJeys LM. Pelvic bone sarcomas, prognostic factors, and treatment: a narrative review of the literature. Scand J Surg. 2023;112(3):206-215."},{"issue":"17","key":"bib39","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"3108","article-title":"Prognostic factors in Ewing\u2019s tumor of bone: analysis of 975 patients from the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma Study Group","volume":"18","author":"Cotterill","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cotterill SJAhrens SPaulussen M, et al. Prognostic factors in Ewing\u2019s tumor of bone: analysis of 975 patients from the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(17):3108-3114."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib40","series-title":"J Cell Commun Signal","first-page":"335","article-title":"Circulating miR34a levels as a potential biomarker in the follow-up of Ewing sarcoma","volume":"14","author":"Sciandra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sciandra MDe Feo AParra A, et al. Circulating miR34a levels as a potential biomarker in the follow-up of Ewing sarcoma. J Cell Commun Signal. 2020;14(3):335-347."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib41","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"1588","article-title":"CD99 modulates the proteomic landscape of Ewing sarcoma cells and related extracellular vesicles","volume":"25","author":"De Feo","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Feo AManfredi MMancarella C, et al. CD99 modulates the proteomic landscape of Ewing sarcoma cells and related extracellular vesicles. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(3):1588."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","series-title":"Nerv Syst Child","first-page":"303","article-title":"A case of peripheral PNET\/Ewing\u2019s sarcoma family tumor arising from cranial dura matter","volume":"47","author":"Hosoya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hosoya TKambe AKamitani H, et al. A case of peripheral PNET\/Ewing\u2019s sarcoma family tumor arising from cranial dura matter. Article in Japanese. Nerv Syst Child. 2022;47(3):303-308."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Radiol Case Rep","first-page":"21","article-title":"Rare origin\u2014Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the pleura: a case report and literature review","volume":"17","author":"Juan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Juan LJianqun YFanglan L. Rare origin\u2014Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the pleura: a case report and literature review. J Radiol Case Rep. 2023;17(10):21-25."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib3","series-title":"Diagn Cytopathol","first-page":"E159","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma of the mandible: a rare case report and literature review","volume":"52","author":"G\u00fcndo\u011far","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00fcndo\u011far \u00d6Komut NBekta\u015f STetik FU\u00e7ar N. Ewing sarcoma of the mandible: a rare case report and literature review. Diagn Cytopathol. 2024;52(7):E159-E163."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Oral Oncol","first-page":"106916","article-title":"Extraskeletal Ewing\u2019s sarcoma on hard palate biltaerally: a rare case report","volume":"156","author":"Tomar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tomar AJain HK. Extraskeletal Ewing\u2019s sarcoma on hard palate biltaerally: a rare case report. Oral Oncol. 2024;156:106916."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Korean J Clin Oncol","first-page":"69","article-title":"Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma of the pancreas: a case report","volume":"19","author":"Gecici","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gecici NNCamurdan VBKhatalin MAYildirim O. Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma of the pancreas: a case report. Korean J Clin Oncol. 2023;19(2):69-72."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6","series-title":"Curr Opin Oncol","first-page":"412","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma: historical perspectives, current state-of-the-art, and opportunities for targeted therapy in the future","volume":"20","author":"Ludwig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ludwig JA. Ewing sarcoma: historical perspectives, current state-of-the-art, and opportunities for targeted therapy in the future. Curr Opin Oncol. 2008;20(4):412-418."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract","first-page":"119","article-title":"Intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting as neurosurgical emergency: a report of two cases","volume":"14","author":"Datta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Datta DSekar AParameshwar VGPurkait SBansal S. Intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting as neurosurgical emergency: a report of two cases. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2023;14(1):119-122."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","first-page":"250","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Ewing sarcoma of the bone: a review article","volume":"20","author":"Ozaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ozaki T. Diagnosis and treatment of Ewing sarcoma of the bone: a review article. J Orthop Sci. 2015;20(2):250-263."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"5523","article-title":"Potential approaches to the treatment of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu HGe YGuo LHuang L. Potential approaches to the treatment of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. Oncotarget. 2017;8(3):5523-5539."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep","first-page":"107399","article-title":"Esophageal extraskeletal neoplasm Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: case report","volume":"97","author":"Khalid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalid HHussain NShamshad R. Esophageal extraskeletal neoplasm Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022;97:107399."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib11","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"Cd011406","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents, and young adults with first recurrence of Ewing sarcoma","volume":"9","author":"Haveman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haveman LMvan ERvan Dalen EC, et al. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents, and young adults with first recurrence of Ewing sarcoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;9(9):Cd011406."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","series-title":"RadioGraphics","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma from head to toe: multimodality imaging review","volume":"42","author":"Wright","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wright ADesai MBolan CW, et al. Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma from head to toe: multimodality imaging review. RadioGraphics. 2022;42(4):1145-1160."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib13","series-title":"JAAPA","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recognizing and treating patients with Ewing sarcoma","volume":"36","author":"Windheuser","year":"2023","unstructured":"Windheuser AGardner N. Recognizing and treating patients with Ewing sarcoma. JAAPA. 2023;36(9):1-4."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Balkan J Med Genet","first-page":"77","article-title":"Unusual manifestation of extraosseous Ewing sarcoma: report of 3 cases","volume":"25","author":"Ioannidou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ioannidou MTsotridou ESamoladas E, et al. Unusual manifestation of extraosseous Ewing sarcoma: report of 3 cases. Balkan J Med Genet. 2023;25(2):77-81."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib15","series-title":"RadioGraphics","first-page":"803","article-title":"From the radiologic pathology archives: Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"33","author":"Murphey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murphey MDSenchak LTMambalam PKLogie CIKlassen-Fischer MKKransdorf MJ. From the radiologic pathology archives: Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics. 2013;33(3):803-831."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","series-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol","first-page":"419","article-title":"Bone tumors occurring in the soft tissues: a review of the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings","volume":"50","author":"Veselis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Veselis CAAwan OThomas A, et al. Bone tumors occurring in the soft tissues: a review of the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2021;50(3):419-429."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Primary, dural-based, Ewing sarcoma in a pediatric patient: presentation of a rare tumor entity with literature review","volume":"39","author":"Guler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guler ASenol YC. Primary, dural-based, Ewing sarcoma in a pediatric patient: presentation of a rare tumor entity with literature review. Childs Nerv Syst. 2023;39(4):1071-1075."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib18","series-title":"Oncol Lett","first-page":"6157","article-title":"Ewing\u2019s sarcoma in the spinal canal of T12-L3: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan DZhang JZhong D. Ewing\u2019s sarcoma in the spinal canal of T12-L3: a case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett. 2019;18(6):6157-6163."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Sarcoma","first-page":"856190","article-title":"Pathobiologic markers of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: state of the art and prediction of behaviour","volume":"2011","author":"Pinto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pinto ADickman PParham D. Pathobiologic markers of the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: state of the art and prediction of behaviour. Sarcoma. 2011;2011:856190."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib20","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Morphologic and immunophenotypic diversity in Ewing family tumors: a study of 66 genetically confirmed cases","volume":"29","author":"Folpe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Folpe ALGoldblum JRRubin BP, et al. Morphologic and immunophenotypic diversity in Ewing family tumors: a study of 66 genetically confirmed cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(8):1025-1033."},{"issue":"16","key":"bib21","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"4035","article-title":"Targeted therapy for EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma","volume":"15","author":"Gong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gong HXue BRu JPei GLi Y. Targeted therapy for EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(16):4035."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Res Diagn Interv Imaging","first-page":"100023","article-title":"Analysis on diagnostic failure of US-guided core needle biopsy for soft tissue tumors","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang YLMa QHu Y, et al. Analysis on diagnostic failure of US-guided core needle biopsy for soft tissue tumors. Res Diagn Interv Imaging. 2023;5:100023."},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Sarcoma","first-page":"854141","article-title":"Very late local relapse of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the head and neck treated with aggressive multimodal therapy","volume":"2008","author":"Thariat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thariat JItaliano APeyrade F, et al. Very late local relapse of Ewing\u2019s sarcoma of the head and neck treated with aggressive multimodal therapy. Sarcoma. 2008;2008:854141."},{"issue":"25","key":"bib24","series-title":"Oncogene","first-page":"3258","article-title":"Analysis of the expression of cell cycle regulators in Ewing cell lines: EWS-FLI-1 modulates p57KIP2and c-Myc expression","volume":"20","author":"Dauphinot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dauphinot LDe Oliveira CMelot T, et al. Analysis of the expression of cell cycle regulators in Ewing cell lines: EWS-FLI-1 modulates p57KIP2and c-Myc expression. Oncogene. 2001;20(25):3258-3265."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"279","article-title":"Bone tumor environment as a potential therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma","volume":"5","author":"Redini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Redini FHeymann D. Bone tumor environment as a potential therapeutic target in Ewing sarcoma. Front Oncol. 2015;5:279."},{"issue":"24","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"3838","article-title":"Local control in pelvic Ewing sarcoma: analysis from INT-0091\u2014a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"24","author":"Yock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yock TIKrailo MFryer CJ, et al. Local control in pelvic Ewing sarcoma: analysis from INT-0091\u2014a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(24):3838-3843."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib27","series-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol","first-page":"12","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma: biology-based therapeutic perspectives","volume":"29","author":"Potratz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Potratz JJ\u00fcrgens HCraft ADirksen U. Ewing sarcoma: biology-based therapeutic perspectives. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2012;29(1):12-27."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28","series-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw","first-page":"155","article-title":"NCCN guidelines insights: bone cancer, version 2.2017","volume":"15","author":"Biermann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biermann JSChow WReed DR, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: bone cancer, version 2.2017. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017;15(2):155-167."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib29","series-title":"Pediatr Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"837","article-title":"Coexistence of cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor and cerebellar dysplasia: case report","volume":"16","author":"Jay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jay V. Coexistence of cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor and cerebellar dysplasia: case report. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med. 1996;16(5):837-843."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","series-title":"Neuropathology","first-page":"35","article-title":"Meningeal Ewing sarcoma\/peripheral PNET: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and FISH study of four cases","volume":"37","author":"Ke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ke ChDuan QYang H, et al. Meningeal Ewing sarcoma\/peripheral PNET: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and FISH study of four cases. Neuropathology. 2017;37(1):35-44."},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"Case Rep Pediatr","first-page":"1521407","article-title":"Primary occipital Ewing\u2019s sarcoma with subsequent spinal seeding","volume":"2017","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alqahtani AAmer RBakhsh E. Primary occipital Ewing\u2019s sarcoma with subsequent spinal seeding. Case Rep Pediatr. 2017;2017:1521407."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib32","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"351","article-title":"Primary intracranial dural-based Ewing sarcoma\/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor mimicking a meningioma: a rare tumor with review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar VSingh ASharma VKumar M. Primary intracranial dural-based Ewing sarcoma\/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor mimicking a meningioma: a rare tumor with review of literature. Asian J Neurosurg. 2017;12(3):351-357."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib33","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"541","article-title":"Primary intracranial extraosseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma","volume":"35","author":"Sohail","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sohail AHSachal MMaan MAASoban MKhan MSBari ME. Primary intracranial extraosseous Ewing\u2019s sarcoma. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019;35(3):541-545."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib34","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"1675","article-title":"Primary and metastatic intracranial Ewing sarcoma at diagnosis: retrospective international study and systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Haveman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haveman LMRanft ABerg HVD, et al. Primary and metastatic intracranial Ewing sarcoma at diagnosis: retrospective international study and systematic review. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(6):1675"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib35","series-title":"Bone Joint J","first-page":"247","article-title":"Risk analysis factors for local recurrence in Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: when should adjuvant radiotherapy be administered?","volume":"100","author":"Albergo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albergo JIGaston CLLParry MC, et al. Risk analysis factors for local recurrence in Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: when should adjuvant radiotherapy be administered? Bone Joint J. 2018;100-B(2):247-255."},{"key":"bib36","series-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol","first-page":"152152","article-title":"Primary Ewing sarcoma of the lung: a systematic review of the recent literature","volume":"65","author":"Fedeli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fedeli MAMarras VFara AM, et al. Primary Ewing sarcoma of the lung: a systematic review of the recent literature. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2023;65:152152."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib37","series-title":"Am J Clin Oncol","first-page":"423","article-title":"Long-term outcomes and complications in pediatric Ewing sarcoma","volume":"40","author":"Hamilton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamilton SNCarlson RHasan HRassekh SRGoddard K. Long-term outcomes and complications in pediatric Ewing sarcoma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2017;40(4):423-428."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib38","series-title":"Scand J Surg","first-page":"206","article-title":"Pelvic bone sarcomas, prognostic factors, and treatment: a narrative review of the literature","volume":"112","author":"Laitinen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laitinen MKParry MCMorris GVJeys LM. Pelvic bone sarcomas, prognostic factors, and treatment: a narrative review of the literature. Scand J Surg. 2023;112(3):206-215."},{"issue":"17","key":"bib39","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"3108","article-title":"Prognostic factors in Ewing\u2019s tumor of bone: analysis of 975 patients from the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma Study Group","volume":"18","author":"Cotterill","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cotterill SJAhrens SPaulussen M, et al. Prognostic factors in Ewing\u2019s tumor of bone: analysis of 975 patients from the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing\u2019s Sarcoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(17):3108-3114."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib40","series-title":"J Cell Commun Signal","first-page":"335","article-title":"Circulating miR34a levels as a potential biomarker in the follow-up of Ewing sarcoma","volume":"14","author":"Sciandra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sciandra MDe Feo AParra A, et al. Circulating miR34a levels as a potential biomarker in the follow-up of Ewing sarcoma. J Cell Commun Signal. 2020;14(3):335-347."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib41","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"1588","article-title":"CD99 modulates the proteomic landscape of Ewing sarcoma cells and related extracellular vesicles","volume":"25","author":"De Feo","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Feo AManfredi MMancarella C, et al. CD99 modulates the proteomic landscape of Ewing sarcoma cells and related extracellular vesicles. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(3):1588."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/9\/1\/article-CASE24488.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/9\/1\/article-CASE24488.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/9\/1\/article-CASE24488.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T23:36:23Z","timestamp":1770075383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/9\/1\/article-CASE24488.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case24488","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]}}}