{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:31:50Z","timestamp":1769729510220,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Low-velocity penetrating brain injury (PBI) is an uncommon variant of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Patients affected by PBI can present with highly variable injury patterns, which, along with guideline-directed TBI care, may require the employment of unique operative management strategies. There are no strict guidelines for the management of low-velocity penetrating injuries. Characterizing approaches and outcomes for various injury patterns may be of use in guiding surgical decision-making. The authors report their experience with two cases of PBI by mechanism of a nail gun with a retained intracranial foreign body requiring surgical removal.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n The two patients were managed using different operative approaches with directly visualized nail removal, and both cases were managed with different empiric antibiotic regimens. Both patients were neurologically intact at follow-up and had no perioperative complications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n These cases illustrate two methods of foreign body removal and the perioperative management protocol utilized at the authors\u2019 institution.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24522<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T01:49:09Z","timestamp":1734313749000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An uncommon cause of penetrating brain injury: two cases of nail gun injuries. Illustrative cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tyler X.","family":"Giles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan C.","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"e143","article-title":"Penetrating head injury by a nail gun: case report, review of the literature, and management considerations","volume":"26","author":"Awori","year":"2017","unstructured":"Awori JWilkinson DAGemmete JJThompson BGChaudhary NPandey AS. Penetrating head injury by a nail gun: case report, review of the literature, and management considerations. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(8):e143-e149."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"420","article-title":"Neurosurgical management of nonmissile penetrating cranial lesions","volume":"90","author":"de Holanda","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Holanda LFPereira BJAHolanda RR, et al. Neurosurgical management of nonmissile penetrating cranial lesions. World Neurosurg. 2016;90:420-429."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"297","article-title":"Treatment of penetrating nonmissile traumatic brain injury. Case series and review of the literature","volume":"91","author":"Zyck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zyck SToshkezi GKrishnamurthy S, et al. Treatment of penetrating nonmissile traumatic brain injury. Case series and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2016;91:297-307."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"370","article-title":"A national survey of neurosurgical care for penetrating head injury","volume":"36","author":"Kaufman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kaufman HHSchwab KSalazar AM. A national survey of neurosurgical care for penetrating head injury. Surg Neurol. 1991;36(5):370-377."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"53","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating injury: case series, review of the literature, and proposed management algorithm","volume":"114","author":"Schreckinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schreckinger MOrringer DThompson BGLa Marca FSagher O. Transorbital penetrating injury: case series, review of the literature, and proposed management algorithm. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(1):53-61."},{"issue":"13-14","key":"bib6","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"1756","article-title":"Penetrating brain injury caused by nail guns: two case reports and a review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Luo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luo WLiu HHao SZhang YLi JLiu B. Penetrating brain injury caused by nail guns: two case reports and a review of the literature. Brain Inj. 2012;26(13-14):1756-1762."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"164","article-title":"Craniocerebral nail gun injuries: a definitive review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Murray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murray L. Craniocerebral nail gun injuries: a definitive review of the literature. Brain Inj. 2021;35(2):164-172."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"J Clin Imaging Sci","first-page":"44","article-title":"Vascular trauma in the head and neck and endovascular neurointerventional management","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel JHuynh TJRao DBrzezicki G. Vascular trauma in the head and neck and endovascular neurointerventional management. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2020;10:44."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9","series-title":"World J Surg","first-page":"1352","article-title":"Current concepts in penetrating and blast injury to the central nervous system","volume":"39","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenfeld JVBell RSArmonda R. Current concepts in penetrating and blast injury to the central nervous system. World J Surg. 2015;39(6):1352-1362."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"e4","article-title":"Traumatic intracranial aneurysms","volume":"8","author":"Larson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Larson PSReisner AMorassutti DJAbdulhadi BHarpring JE. Traumatic intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurg Focus. 2000;8(1):e4."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Penetrating brain injury by drill bit","volume":"110","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Gonz\u00e1lez RBoto GRRivero-Garv\u00eda MP\u00e9rez-Zamarr\u00f3n AG\u00f3mez G. Penetrating brain injury by drill bit. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;110(2):207-210."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib12","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"905","article-title":"Penetrating stab wounds to the brain: the timing of angiography in patients presenting with the weapon already removed","volume":"31","author":"du Trevou","year":"1992","unstructured":"du Trevou MDvan Dellen JR. Penetrating stab wounds to the brain: the timing of angiography in patients presenting with the weapon already removed. Neurosurgery. 1992;31(5):905-912."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1","article-title":"Traumatic intracranial aneurysms caused by missiles: their presentation and management","volume":"28","author":"Haddad","year":"1991","unstructured":"Haddad FSHaddad GFTaha J. Traumatic intracranial aneurysms caused by missiles: their presentation and management. Neurosurgery. 1991;28(1):1-7."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock","first-page":"395","article-title":"Management of penetrating brain injury","volume":"4","author":"Kazim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kazim SFShamim MSTahir MZEnam SAWaheed S. Management of penetrating brain injury. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2011;4(3):395-402."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib15","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e25581","article-title":"Unique presentation and novel surgical approach to a transcribriform penetrating head injury caused by a nail gun","volume":"14","author":"Hendricks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hendricks BKDiDomenico JDLawton MTLittle AS. Unique presentation and novel surgical approach to a transcribriform penetrating head injury caused by a nail gun. Cureus. 2022;14(6):e25581."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"442","article-title":"How to remove a penetrating intracranial large nail","volume":"127","author":"Miki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miki KNatori YKai YMori MYamada TNoguchi N. How to remove a penetrating intracranial large nail. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:442-445."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"e143","article-title":"Penetrating head injury by a nail gun: case report, review of the literature, and management considerations","volume":"26","author":"Awori","year":"2017","unstructured":"Awori JWilkinson DAGemmete JJThompson BGChaudhary NPandey AS. Penetrating head injury by a nail gun: case report, review of the literature, and management considerations. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(8):e143-e149."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"420","article-title":"Neurosurgical management of nonmissile penetrating cranial lesions","volume":"90","author":"de Holanda","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Holanda LFPereira BJAHolanda RR, et al. Neurosurgical management of nonmissile penetrating cranial lesions. World Neurosurg. 2016;90:420-429."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"297","article-title":"Treatment of penetrating nonmissile traumatic brain injury. Case series and review of the literature","volume":"91","author":"Zyck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zyck SToshkezi GKrishnamurthy S, et al. Treatment of penetrating nonmissile traumatic brain injury. Case series and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2016;91:297-307."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"370","article-title":"A national survey of neurosurgical care for penetrating head injury","volume":"36","author":"Kaufman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kaufman HHSchwab KSalazar AM. A national survey of neurosurgical care for penetrating head injury. Surg Neurol. 1991;36(5):370-377."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"53","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating injury: case series, review of the literature, and proposed management algorithm","volume":"114","author":"Schreckinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schreckinger MOrringer DThompson BGLa Marca FSagher O. Transorbital penetrating injury: case series, review of the literature, and proposed management algorithm. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(1):53-61."},{"issue":"13-14","key":"bib6","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"1756","article-title":"Penetrating brain injury caused by nail guns: two case reports and a review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Luo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luo WLiu HHao SZhang YLi JLiu B. Penetrating brain injury caused by nail guns: two case reports and a review of the literature. Brain Inj. 2012;26(13-14):1756-1762."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"164","article-title":"Craniocerebral nail gun injuries: a definitive review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Murray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murray L. Craniocerebral nail gun injuries: a definitive review of the literature. Brain Inj. 2021;35(2):164-172."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"J Clin Imaging Sci","first-page":"44","article-title":"Vascular trauma in the head and neck and endovascular neurointerventional management","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel JHuynh TJRao DBrzezicki G. Vascular trauma in the head and neck and endovascular neurointerventional management. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2020;10:44."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9","series-title":"World J Surg","first-page":"1352","article-title":"Current concepts in penetrating and blast injury to the central nervous system","volume":"39","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenfeld JVBell RSArmonda R. Current concepts in penetrating and blast injury to the central nervous system. 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Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;110(2):207-210."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib12","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"905","article-title":"Penetrating stab wounds to the brain: the timing of angiography in patients presenting with the weapon already removed","volume":"31","author":"du Trevou","year":"1992","unstructured":"du Trevou MDvan Dellen JR. Penetrating stab wounds to the brain: the timing of angiography in patients presenting with the weapon already removed. Neurosurgery. 1992;31(5):905-912."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1","article-title":"Traumatic intracranial aneurysms caused by missiles: their presentation and management","volume":"28","author":"Haddad","year":"1991","unstructured":"Haddad FSHaddad GFTaha J. Traumatic intracranial aneurysms caused by missiles: their presentation and management. 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Cureus. 2022;14(6):e25581."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"442","article-title":"How to remove a penetrating intracranial large nail","volume":"127","author":"Miki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miki KNatori YKai YMori MYamada TNoguchi N. How to remove a penetrating intracranial large nail. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:442-445."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/8\/25\/article-CASE24522.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/8\/25\/article-CASE24522.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/8\/25\/article-CASE24522.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:54:50Z","timestamp":1769687690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-case-lessons\/8\/25\/article-CASE24522.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/case24522","relation":{},"ISSN":["2694-1902"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2694-1902","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]}}}