{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:28:37Z","timestamp":1770110917116,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pediatric basal ganglia abscesses are extremely rare, with only 2 other published cases in the literature. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first case of a primary bacterial abscess caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus intermedius<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the basal ganglia of a pediatric patient.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case coincides with a rise in neuroinvasive streptococcal infections among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prompt MRI with diffusion and attenuation analyses allowed for abscess identification and treatment with neurosurgical drainage, leading to full recovery. Although intracranial abscesses in deep parenchymal locations are extremely rare in healthy children, the recently increased incidence of neuroinvasive infections and the devastating sequelae of delayed or missed diagnosis make early recognition and treatment essential. To this end, reporting and recognition of the varied presentations of this pathology is crucial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Herein, the authors highlight that in light of the surge in cases in recent years, patients suspected of having an intracranial abscess should not be delayed in receiving cranial imaging and treatment, as rapid identification and management of abscesses are crucial to reduce the likelihood of long-term complications.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24562\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24562<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T20:16:30Z","timestamp":1744661790000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel case of pediatric basal ganglia abscess due to Streptococcus intermedius amid a rise in neuroinvasive infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Strafella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0032-5310","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shoaib A.","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6236-1190","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ariel","family":"Sacknovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1915-8249","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaye","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avinash","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"136","article-title":"Brain abscess: an overview","volume":"9","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muzumdar DJhawar SGoel A.Brain abscess: an overview. Int J Surg. 2011;9(2):136-144."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Management of brain abscesses in children","volume":"24","author":"Frazier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frazier JLAhn ESJallo GI.Management of brain abscesses in children. Neurosurg Focus. 2008;24(6):E8."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Brain abscess in children\u2014epidemiology, predisposing factors and management in the modern medicine era","volume":"99","author":"Shachor-Meyouhas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shachor-Meyouhas YBar-Joseph GGuilburd JNLorber AHadash AKassis I.Brain abscess in children\u2014epidemiology, predisposing factors and management in the modern medicine era. Acta Paediatr. 2010;99(8):1163-1167."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib4","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"2848","article-title":"Brain abscesses in children: an Italian multicentre study","volume":"145","author":"Raffaldi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raffaldi IGarazzino SCastelli Gattinara GBrain abscesses in children: an Italian multicentre study. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(13):2848-2855."},{"issue":"37","key":"bib5","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Pediatric brain abscesses, epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas associated with Streptococcus species\u2014United States, January 2016-August 2022","volume":"71","author":"Accorsi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Accorsi EKChochua SMoline HLPediatric brain abscesses, epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas associated with Streptococcus species\u2014United States, January 2016-August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(37):1169-1173."},{"issue":"36","key":"bib6","series-title":"Euro Surveill","first-page":"2300427","article-title":"Sustained increase of paediatric invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections dominated by M1UK and diverse emm12 isolates, Portugal, September 2022 to May 2023","volume":"28","author":"Gouveia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gouveia CBajanca-Lavado MPMamede RSustained increase of paediatric invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections dominated by M1UK and diverse emm12 isolates, Portugal, September 2022 to May 2023. Euro Surveill. 2023;28(36):2300427."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"66","article-title":"European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess in children and adults","volume":"30","author":"Bodilsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bodilsen JD\u2019Alessandris QGHumphreys HEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess in children and adults. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2024;30(1):66-89."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib8","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of brain abscesses therapy","volume":"25","author":"Cartes-Zumelzu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cartes-Zumelzu FWStavrou ICastillo MEisenhuber EKnosp EThurnher MM.Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of brain abscesses therapy. 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World Neurosurg. 2011;76(5):431-436."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib15","series-title":"J Infect Public Health","first-page":"1397","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of secondary bacterial infection associated to viral infections including SARS-CoV-2","volume":"13","author":"Manna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manna SBaindara PMandal SM.Molecular pathogenesis of secondary bacterial infection associated to viral infections including SARS-CoV-2. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(10):1397-1404."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16","series-title":"Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"e3","article-title":"Staphylococcus intermedius infections: case report and literature review","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang NNeilan AMKlompas M.Staphylococcus intermedius infections: case report and literature review. 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World J Pediatr. 2012;8(3):229-234."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib19","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e4677","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of intra-cerebral abscess by taking histopathological findings as the gold standard","volume":"11","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siddiqui HVakil SHassan M.Diagnostic accuracy of echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of intra-cerebral abscess by taking histopathological findings as the gold standard. Cureus. 2019;11(5):e4677."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib20","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1252","article-title":"Use of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in differential diagnosis between intracerebral necrotic tumors and cerebral abscesses","volume":"20","author":"Desprechins","year":"1999","unstructured":"Desprechins BStadnik TKoerts GShabana WBreucq COsteaux M.Use of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in differential diagnosis between intracerebral necrotic tumors and cerebral abscesses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20(7):1252-1257."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib1","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"136","article-title":"Brain abscess: an overview","volume":"9","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muzumdar DJhawar SGoel A.Brain abscess: an overview. 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Acta Paediatr. 2010;99(8):1163-1167."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib4","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"2848","article-title":"Brain abscesses in children: an Italian multicentre study","volume":"145","author":"Raffaldi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raffaldi IGarazzino SCastelli Gattinara GBrain abscesses in children: an Italian multicentre study. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(13):2848-2855."},{"issue":"37","key":"bib5","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Pediatric brain abscesses, epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas associated with Streptococcus species\u2014United States, January 2016-August 2022","volume":"71","author":"Accorsi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Accorsi EKChochua SMoline HLPediatric brain abscesses, epidural empyemas, and subdural empyemas associated with Streptococcus species\u2014United States, January 2016-August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(37):1169-1173."},{"issue":"36","key":"bib6","series-title":"Euro Surveill","first-page":"2300427","article-title":"Sustained increase of paediatric invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections dominated by M1UK and diverse emm12 isolates, Portugal, September 2022 to May 2023","volume":"28","author":"Gouveia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gouveia CBajanca-Lavado MPMamede RSustained increase of paediatric invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections dominated by M1UK and diverse emm12 isolates, Portugal, September 2022 to May 2023. Euro Surveill. 2023;28(36):2300427."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"66","article-title":"European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess in children and adults","volume":"30","author":"Bodilsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bodilsen JD\u2019Alessandris QGHumphreys HEuropean Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess in children and adults. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2024;30(1):66-89."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib8","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of brain abscesses therapy","volume":"25","author":"Cartes-Zumelzu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cartes-Zumelzu FWStavrou ICastillo MEisenhuber EKnosp EThurnher MM.Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of brain abscesses therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004;25(8):1310-1317."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"347","article-title":"Brain abscess caused by Staphylococcus intermedius","volume":"147","author":"Atalay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Atalay BErgin FCekinmez MCaner HAltinors N.Brain abscess caused by Staphylococcus intermedius. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005;147(3):347-348."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Trop Pediatr","first-page":"71","article-title":"Primary intracranial abscess localized in the basal ganglia: a case report","volume":"58","author":"Kilic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kilic OKafadar ACamcioglu YAkcakaya NCokugras HHasiloglu ZI.Primary intracranial abscess localized in the basal ganglia: a case report. J Trop Pediatr. 2012;58(1):71-73."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci","first-page":"132","article-title":"Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: a rare cause of basal ganglia and thalamic abscess","volume":"8","author":"Sangwan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sangwan PSaikia BSharma PKSharma RKhilnani P.Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt: a rare cause of basal ganglia and thalamic abscess. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2013;8(2):132-134."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib12","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E13","article-title":"Efficacy of stereotactic aspiration in deep-seated and eloquent-region intracranial pyogenic abscesses","volume":"24","author":"Kocherry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kocherry XGHegde TSastry KVMohanty A.Efficacy of stereotactic aspiration in deep-seated and eloquent-region intracranial pyogenic abscesses. Neurosurg Focus. 2008;24(6):E13."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib13","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2065","article-title":"Frame-based stereotactic biopsy of deep-seated and midline structures in 511 procedures: feasibility, risk profile, and diagnostic yield","volume":"161","author":"Hamisch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamisch CAMinartz JBlau TFrame-based stereotactic biopsy of deep-seated and midline structures in 511 procedures: feasibility, risk profile, and diagnostic yield. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2019;161(10):2065-2071."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"431","article-title":"A review of brain abscess surgical treatment\u201478 years: aspiration versus excision","volume":"76","author":"Ratnaike","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ratnaike TEDas SGregson BAMendelow AD.A review of brain abscess surgical treatment\u201478 years: aspiration versus excision. 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