{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T23:36:17Z","timestamp":1769729777332,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Snapping triceps is a dynamic condition in which a portion of the medial head of the triceps dislocates over the medial epicondyle during flexion or extension. Pushed by the triceps, the ulnar nerve typically also dislocates over the medial epicondyle, causing neuropathy. Posttraumatic cubitus varus deformities resulting from pediatric supracondylar fractures have been associated with snapping triceps. This is the first case of snapping triceps associated with cubitus varus due to distal humeral malunion, which occurred in an adult.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 23-year-old man sustained a left distal humeral fracture from arm wrestling, which was treated nonoperatively, healing in a varus malunion. Within several months, he developed ulnar neuropathy and snapping at the medial elbow, which was diagnosed as a dislocating ulnar nerve and was treated with ulnar nerve transposition. He presented 8 years later with continued ulnar neuritis symptoms and snapping and was found to have snapping medial triceps. He chose nonoperative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Snapping triceps, presenting as snapping at the elbow with ulnar nerve symptoms, can be incorrectly diagnosed as isolated ulnar nerve dislocation. Unrecognized snapping triceps leads to persistent symptoms after ulnar nerve transposition. The patient in this case demonstrated that an altered triceps line of pull can cause snapping triceps regardless of how the cubitus varus originated.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24596\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24596<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T01:44:46Z","timestamp":1731894286000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Failed ulnar nerve surgery due to persistent unrecognized snapping triceps from cubitus varus due to a distal humeral malunion in an adult: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Christopher J. L.","family":"O\u2019Driscoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bib1","series-title":"World J Orthop","first-page":"507","article-title":"Distal triceps injuries (including snapping triceps): a systematic review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Shuttlewood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shuttlewood KBeazley JSmith CD. Distal triceps injuries (including snapping triceps): a systematic review of the literature. World J Orthop. 2017;8(6):507-513."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","series-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg","first-page":"91","article-title":"Snapping of the medial head of the triceps: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Spinner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spinner RJGoldner RD. Snapping of the medial head of the triceps: diagnosis and treatment. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2002;6(2):91-97."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Orthop Scand","first-page":"74","article-title":"Snapping triceps tendon with ulnar neuritis. Report on a case","volume":"41","author":"Rolfsen","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rolfsen L. Snapping triceps tendon with ulnar neuritis. Report on a case. Acta Orthop Scand. 1970;41(1):74-76."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","first-page":"718","article-title":"Cubitus varus associated with dislocation of both the medial portion of the triceps and the ulnar nerve","volume":"24","author":"Spinner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spinner RJO\u2019Driscoll SWDavids JRGoldner RD. Cubitus varus associated with dislocation of both the medial portion of the triceps and the ulnar nerve. J Hand Surg Am. 1999;24(4):718-726."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg","first-page":"561","article-title":"Medial or lateral dislocation (snapping) of a portion of the distal triceps: a biomechanical, anatomic explanation","volume":"10","author":"Spinner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spinner RJAn KNKim KJGoldner RDO\u2019Driscoll SW. Medial or lateral dislocation (snapping) of a portion of the distal triceps: a biomechanical, anatomic explanation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2001;10(6):561-567."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1358","article-title":"Tardy posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow due to cubitus varus","volume":"83","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019Driscoll SWSpinner RJMcKee MD, et al. Tardy posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow due to cubitus varus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83(9):1358-1369."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Korean Orthop Assoc","first-page":"73","article-title":"Misdiagnosed snapping triceps syndrome on ulnar nerve dislocation","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JHCho CHKoo TWKim DH. Misdiagnosed snapping triceps syndrome on ulnar nerve dislocation. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2023;58(1):73."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"239","article-title":"Snapping of the medial head of the triceps and recurrent dislocation of the ulnar nerve. Anatomical and dynamic factors","volume":"80","author":"Spinner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spinner RJGoldner RD. Snapping of the medial head of the triceps and recurrent dislocation of the ulnar nerve. Anatomical and dynamic factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80(2):239-247."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9","series-title":"J South Orthop Assoc","first-page":"288","article-title":"Episodic snapping of the medial head of the triceps due to weightlifting","volume":"8","author":"Spinner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spinner RJWenger DEBarry CJGoldner RD. Episodic snapping of the medial head of the triceps due to weightlifting. J South Orthop Assoc. 1999;8(4):288-292."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","first-page":"90.e1","article-title":"Snapping triceps syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Rioux-Forker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rioux-Forker DBridgeman JBrogan DM. Snapping triceps syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 2018;43(1):90.e1-90.e5."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Failure of active extension after traumatic cubitus varus. A case report","volume":"84","author":"Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith IJWilliams CP. Failure of active extension after traumatic cubitus varus. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(8):1180-1182."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12","series-title":"Orthopedics","first-page":"130","article-title":"Uncovered posterolateral rotatory elbow instability with cubitus varus deformity correction","volume":"32","author":"Arrigoni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arrigoni PKamineni S. Uncovered posterolateral rotatory elbow instability with cubitus varus deformity correction. Orthopedics. 2009;32(2):130."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"56","article-title":"Snapping elbow due to dislocation of the medial head of the triceps. A report of two cases","volume":"60","author":"Dreyfuss","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dreyfuss UKessler I. Snapping elbow due to dislocation of the medial head of the triceps. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978;60(1):56-57."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"198","article-title":"Posterior instability of the shoulder after supracondylar fractures recovered with cubitus varus deformity","volume":"22","author":"Gurkan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gurkan IBayrakci KTasbas BDaglar BGunel UUcaner A. Posterior instability of the shoulder after supracondylar fractures recovered with cubitus varus deformity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2002;22(2):198-202."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","first-page":"96","article-title":"A case of cubital tunnel syndrome caused by the snapping of the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle","volume":"9A","author":"Hayashi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hayashi YKojima TKohno T. A case of cubital tunnel syndrome caused by the snapping of the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle. J Hand Surg Am. 1984;9A(1):96-99."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","series-title":"Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi","first-page":"136","article-title":"Two different methods of supracondylar lateral wedge osteotomy in cubitus varus deformity in adults","volume":"20","author":"Kalaci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalaci AOzkan CYanat ANOney TSever GDo\u011framaci Y. Two different methods of supracondylar lateral wedge osteotomy in cubitus varus deformity in adults. Article in Turkish. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi. 2009;20(3):136-142."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg","first-page":"e208","article-title":"Cubitus varus complicated by snapping medial triceps and posterolateral rotatory instability","volume":"25","author":"Kontogeorgakos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kontogeorgakos VAMavrogenis AFPanagopoulos GNLagaras AKoutalos AMalizos KN. Cubitus varus complicated by snapping medial triceps and posterolateral rotatory instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(7):e208-e212."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","series-title":"Hand Surg","first-page":"233","article-title":"Ultrasonographic findings in cubital tunnel syndrome caused by a cubitus varus deformity","volume":"16","author":"Shimizu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shimizu HBeppu MArai TKihara HIzumiyama K. Ultrasonographic findings in cubital tunnel syndrome caused by a cubitus varus deformity. Hand Surg. 2011;16(3):233-238."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"52","article-title":"Unrecognized dislocation of the medial portion of the triceps: another cause of failed ulnar nerve transposition","volume":"92","author":"Spinner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Spinner RJO\u2019Driscoll SWJupiter JBGoldner RD. Unrecognized dislocation of the medial portion of the triceps: another cause of failed ulnar nerve transposition. J Neurosurg. 2000;92(1):52-57."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"Hand Surg","first-page":"193","article-title":"Snapping of triceps tendon after anterior nerve transposition for recurrent subluxation of the ulnar nerve","volume":"4","author":"Minami","year":"1999","unstructured":"Minami AKato HIwasaki N. Snapping of triceps tendon after anterior nerve transposition for recurrent subluxation of the ulnar nerve. Hand Surg. 1999;4(2):193-196."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"933","article-title":"Diagnosis of snapping triceps with US","volume":"224","author":"Spinner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spinner RJGoldner RDLee RA. Diagnosis of snapping triceps with US. Radiology. 2002;224(3):933-934."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib22","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"e113","article-title":"Dynamic ultrasound imaging for ulnar nerve subluxation and snapping triceps syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Chuang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chuang HJHsiao MYWu CH\u00d6z\u00e7akar L. Dynamic ultrasound imaging for ulnar nerve subluxation and snapping triceps syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;95(7):e113-e114."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib23","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"601","article-title":"Ulnar nerve dislocation and snapping triceps syndrome: diagnosis with dynamic sonography\u2014report of three cases","volume":"220","author":"Jacobson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jacobson JAJebson PJJeffers AWFessell DPHayes CW. Ulnar nerve dislocation and snapping triceps syndrome: diagnosis with dynamic sonography\u2014report of three cases. Radiology. 2001;220(3):601-605."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib24","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Imaging the snapping triceps","volume":"167","author":"Spinner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Spinner RJHayden FRJrHipps CTGoldner RD. Imaging the snapping triceps. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167(6):1550-1551."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"e108","article-title":"Intraoperative biceps\/brachialis stimulation for snapping triceps with ulnar neuritis","volume":"25","author":"Maldonado","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maldonado AAOishi TLee RASpinner RJ. Intraoperative biceps\/brachialis stimulation for snapping triceps with ulnar neuritis. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2023;25(2):e108-e112."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26","series-title":"Malays Orthop J","first-page":"126","article-title":"Cubitus valgus with tardy ulnar nerve palsy\u2014is anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve always necessary? A case report","volume":"14","author":"Anuar-Ramdhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anuar-Ramdhan IMRemli RAbdul-Rashid AHIbrahim S. Cubitus valgus with tardy ulnar nerve palsy\u2014is anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve always necessary? A case report. Malays Orthop J. 2020;14(2):126-129."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib27","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"369","article-title":"Treatment outcome of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with traumatic cubitus valgus by supracondylar shortening wedge rotary osteotomy and ulnar nerve in situ tension release","volume":"23","author":"Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan CYushan MLiu YBahesutihan YLiu KYusufu A. Treatment outcome of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with traumatic cubitus valgus by supracondylar shortening wedge rotary osteotomy and ulnar nerve in situ tension release. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):369."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"e227918","article-title":"Tardy ulnar nerve palsy following a neglected childhood lateral epicondyle fracture non-union and resultant cubitus valgus deformity","volume":"11","author":"Mohan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohan KEllanti PHadidi OBossut C. Tardy ulnar nerve palsy following a neglected childhood lateral epicondyle fracture non-union and resultant cubitus valgus deformity. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;11(1):e227918."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib29","series-title":"Hand (N Y)","first-page":"260","article-title":"Cubitus valgus and tardy ulnar nerve palsy due to an intracapsular ulnar nerve","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma MSSkinner JASpinner RJ. Cubitus valgus and tardy ulnar nerve palsy due to an intracapsular ulnar nerve. Hand (N Y). 2014;9(2):260-264."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib1","series-title":"World J Orthop","first-page":"507","article-title":"Distal triceps injuries (including snapping triceps): a systematic review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Shuttlewood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shuttlewood KBeazley JSmith CD. Distal triceps injuries (including snapping triceps): a systematic review of the literature. World J Orthop. 2017;8(6):507-513."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","series-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg","first-page":"91","article-title":"Snapping of the medial head of the triceps: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"6","author":"Spinner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spinner RJGoldner RD. Snapping of the medial head of the triceps: diagnosis and treatment. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2002;6(2):91-97."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Orthop Scand","first-page":"74","article-title":"Snapping triceps tendon with ulnar neuritis. Report on a case","volume":"41","author":"Rolfsen","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rolfsen L. Snapping triceps tendon with ulnar neuritis. Report on a case. Acta Orthop Scand. 1970;41(1):74-76."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","first-page":"718","article-title":"Cubitus varus associated with dislocation of both the medial portion of the triceps and the ulnar nerve","volume":"24","author":"Spinner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spinner RJO\u2019Driscoll SWDavids JRGoldner RD. Cubitus varus associated with dislocation of both the medial portion of the triceps and the ulnar nerve. J Hand Surg Am. 1999;24(4):718-726."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg","first-page":"561","article-title":"Medial or lateral dislocation (snapping) of a portion of the distal triceps: a biomechanical, anatomic explanation","volume":"10","author":"Spinner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spinner RJAn KNKim KJGoldner RDO\u2019Driscoll SW. Medial or lateral dislocation (snapping) of a portion of the distal triceps: a biomechanical, anatomic explanation. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2001;10(6):561-567."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1358","article-title":"Tardy posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow due to cubitus varus","volume":"83","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019Driscoll SWSpinner RJMcKee MD, et al. Tardy posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow due to cubitus varus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83(9):1358-1369."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Korean Orthop Assoc","first-page":"73","article-title":"Misdiagnosed snapping triceps syndrome on ulnar nerve dislocation","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JHCho CHKoo TWKim DH. Misdiagnosed snapping triceps syndrome on ulnar nerve dislocation. J Korean Orthop Assoc. 2023;58(1):73."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"239","article-title":"Snapping of the medial head of the triceps and recurrent dislocation of the ulnar nerve. Anatomical and dynamic factors","volume":"80","author":"Spinner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spinner RJGoldner RD. Snapping of the medial head of the triceps and recurrent dislocation of the ulnar nerve. Anatomical and dynamic factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80(2):239-247."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9","series-title":"J South Orthop Assoc","first-page":"288","article-title":"Episodic snapping of the medial head of the triceps due to weightlifting","volume":"8","author":"Spinner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spinner RJWenger DEBarry CJGoldner RD. Episodic snapping of the medial head of the triceps due to weightlifting. J South Orthop Assoc. 1999;8(4):288-292."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","first-page":"90.e1","article-title":"Snapping triceps syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Rioux-Forker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rioux-Forker DBridgeman JBrogan DM. Snapping triceps syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 2018;43(1):90.e1-90.e5."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Failure of active extension after traumatic cubitus varus. A case report","volume":"84","author":"Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith IJWilliams CP. Failure of active extension after traumatic cubitus varus. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(8):1180-1182."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12","series-title":"Orthopedics","first-page":"130","article-title":"Uncovered posterolateral rotatory elbow instability with cubitus varus deformity correction","volume":"32","author":"Arrigoni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arrigoni PKamineni S. Uncovered posterolateral rotatory elbow instability with cubitus varus deformity correction. Orthopedics. 2009;32(2):130."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"56","article-title":"Snapping elbow due to dislocation of the medial head of the triceps. A report of two cases","volume":"60","author":"Dreyfuss","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dreyfuss UKessler I. Snapping elbow due to dislocation of the medial head of the triceps. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1978;60(1):56-57."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"198","article-title":"Posterior instability of the shoulder after supracondylar fractures recovered with cubitus varus deformity","volume":"22","author":"Gurkan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gurkan IBayrakci KTasbas BDaglar BGunel UUcaner A. Posterior instability of the shoulder after supracondylar fractures recovered with cubitus varus deformity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2002;22(2):198-202."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","series-title":"J Hand Surg Am","first-page":"96","article-title":"A case of cubital tunnel syndrome caused by the snapping of the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle","volume":"9A","author":"Hayashi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hayashi YKojima TKohno T. A case of cubital tunnel syndrome caused by the snapping of the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle. J Hand Surg Am. 1984;9A(1):96-99."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib16","series-title":"Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi","first-page":"136","article-title":"Two different methods of supracondylar lateral wedge osteotomy in cubitus varus deformity in adults","volume":"20","author":"Kalaci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalaci AOzkan CYanat ANOney TSever GDo\u011framaci Y. Two different methods of supracondylar lateral wedge osteotomy in cubitus varus deformity in adults. Article in Turkish. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi. 2009;20(3):136-142."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg","first-page":"e208","article-title":"Cubitus varus complicated by snapping medial triceps and posterolateral rotatory instability","volume":"25","author":"Kontogeorgakos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kontogeorgakos VAMavrogenis AFPanagopoulos GNLagaras AKoutalos AMalizos KN. Cubitus varus complicated by snapping medial triceps and posterolateral rotatory instability. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(7):e208-e212."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","series-title":"Hand Surg","first-page":"233","article-title":"Ultrasonographic findings in cubital tunnel syndrome caused by a cubitus varus deformity","volume":"16","author":"Shimizu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shimizu HBeppu MArai TKihara HIzumiyama K. Ultrasonographic findings in cubital tunnel syndrome caused by a cubitus varus deformity. Hand Surg. 2011;16(3):233-238."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"52","article-title":"Unrecognized dislocation of the medial portion of the triceps: another cause of failed ulnar nerve transposition","volume":"92","author":"Spinner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Spinner RJO\u2019Driscoll SWJupiter JBGoldner RD. Unrecognized dislocation of the medial portion of the triceps: another cause of failed ulnar nerve transposition. J Neurosurg. 2000;92(1):52-57."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"Hand Surg","first-page":"193","article-title":"Snapping of triceps tendon after anterior nerve transposition for recurrent subluxation of the ulnar nerve","volume":"4","author":"Minami","year":"1999","unstructured":"Minami AKato HIwasaki N. Snapping of triceps tendon after anterior nerve transposition for recurrent subluxation of the ulnar nerve. Hand Surg. 1999;4(2):193-196."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"933","article-title":"Diagnosis of snapping triceps with US","volume":"224","author":"Spinner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spinner RJGoldner RDLee RA. Diagnosis of snapping triceps with US. Radiology. 2002;224(3):933-934."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib22","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"e113","article-title":"Dynamic ultrasound imaging for ulnar nerve subluxation and snapping triceps syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Chuang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chuang HJHsiao MYWu CH\u00d6z\u00e7akar L. Dynamic ultrasound imaging for ulnar nerve subluxation and snapping triceps syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;95(7):e113-e114."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib23","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"601","article-title":"Ulnar nerve dislocation and snapping triceps syndrome: diagnosis with dynamic sonography\u2014report of three cases","volume":"220","author":"Jacobson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jacobson JAJebson PJJeffers AWFessell DPHayes CW. Ulnar nerve dislocation and snapping triceps syndrome: diagnosis with dynamic sonography\u2014report of three cases. Radiology. 2001;220(3):601-605."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib24","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Imaging the snapping triceps","volume":"167","author":"Spinner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Spinner RJHayden FRJrHipps CTGoldner RD. Imaging the snapping triceps. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167(6):1550-1551."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"e108","article-title":"Intraoperative biceps\/brachialis stimulation for snapping triceps with ulnar neuritis","volume":"25","author":"Maldonado","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maldonado AAOishi TLee RASpinner RJ. Intraoperative biceps\/brachialis stimulation for snapping triceps with ulnar neuritis. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2023;25(2):e108-e112."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26","series-title":"Malays Orthop J","first-page":"126","article-title":"Cubitus valgus with tardy ulnar nerve palsy\u2014is anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve always necessary? A case report","volume":"14","author":"Anuar-Ramdhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anuar-Ramdhan IMRemli RAbdul-Rashid AHIbrahim S. Cubitus valgus with tardy ulnar nerve palsy\u2014is anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve always necessary? A case report. Malays Orthop J. 2020;14(2):126-129."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib27","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"369","article-title":"Treatment outcome of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with traumatic cubitus valgus by supracondylar shortening wedge rotary osteotomy and ulnar nerve in situ tension release","volume":"23","author":"Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan CYushan MLiu YBahesutihan YLiu KYusufu A. Treatment outcome of tardy ulnar nerve palsy associated with traumatic cubitus valgus by supracondylar shortening wedge rotary osteotomy and ulnar nerve in situ tension release. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):369."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"e227918","article-title":"Tardy ulnar nerve palsy following a neglected childhood lateral epicondyle fracture non-union and resultant cubitus valgus deformity","volume":"11","author":"Mohan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohan KEllanti PHadidi OBossut C. Tardy ulnar nerve palsy following a neglected childhood lateral epicondyle fracture non-union and resultant cubitus valgus deformity. BMJ Case Rep. 2018;11(1):e227918."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib29","series-title":"Hand (N Y)","first-page":"260","article-title":"Cubitus valgus and tardy ulnar nerve palsy due to an intracapsular ulnar nerve","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma MSSkinner JASpinner RJ. Cubitus valgus and tardy ulnar nerve palsy due to an intracapsular ulnar nerve. 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