{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:28:37Z","timestamp":1770110917105,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is rare. The most common mechanism of injury is road traffic accidents. In this case series, the authors discuss the clinical course of 5 patients with TBGH with different outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n The internal capsule is the most commonly involved site, which was noted in 3 of the 5 cases reported here. The size of the TBGHs ranged from 1.02 cm to 2.61 cm. All patients had at least 1 additional site of bleeding. One patient had zygomatic, maxillary, and mandibular fractures, while another patient had a mandibular fracture. Two of the 5 patients died. These 2 patients had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 3 and 4, and their pupils were not reactive to light after resuscitation and loading with mannitol.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n CT findings in TBGHs differ from those in spontaneous hemorrhages in that gray-white matter junction contusions and ventral or dorsolateral brainstem contusions are more commonly observed in the former. Compared with other fractures, mandibular fractures are more commonly associated with TBGH. Conservative treatment is a valid approach for managing patients with TBGH. The overall prognosis of patients with TBGH is poor, and the highest mortality rates are seen in patients with low GCS scores and absent pupillary light reactions.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24625<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T20:16:28Z","timestamp":1744661788000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage: illustrative cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ermias Fikru","family":"Yesuf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan City, Amhara State, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atiklet Zerihun","family":"Zewdie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5073-6946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mestet Yibeltal","family":"Shiferaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor City, Amhara State, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Asegid","family":"Shimekit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan City, Amhara State, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0140-1485","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yidersal Demsie","family":"Denberu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan City, Amhara State, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zemed Geleta","family":"Eshete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan City, Amhara State, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alemu Adise","family":"Mldie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Jimma University, Jimma City, Oromia State, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengistu Ayele","family":"Yigzaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hawasa University, Hawasa City, Sidama State, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6734-0769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bereket Hailu","family":"Mekuria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Wolayta Sodo Hospital, Wolayta City, Southern State, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henok Teshome","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"Ital J Pediatr","first-page":"2","article-title":"Basal ganglia stroke due to mild head trauma in pediatric age\u2014clinical and therapeutic management: a case report and 10 year literature review","volume":"37","author":"Landi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Landi AMarotta NMancarella CMarruzzo DSalvati MDelfini R.Basal ganglia stroke due to mild head trauma in pediatric age\u2014clinical and therapeutic management: a case report and 10 year literature review. 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Indian J Neurotrauma. 2011;8(2):109-110."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"41","author":"Courville","year":"1940","unstructured":"Courville CB.Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Arch Surg. 1940;41(1):1."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib25","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"295","article-title":"Three cases of traumatic intracerebral hematoma with ventricular hemorrhage (author\u2019s transl)","volume":"8","author":"Hara","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hara MShiogai TTamagawa TYokota HOkada JTakeuchi K.Three cases of traumatic intracerebral hematoma with ventricular hemorrhage (author\u2019s transl). Article in Japanese. 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BMJ Case Rep. 2022;15(5):e249586."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","series-title":"Braz Neurosurg","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Basal ganglia traumatic hematoma: case series and literature review","volume":"42","author":"Pereira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pereira CUKalkmann GFNascimento I do PSantos dos LARabelo NN.Basal ganglia traumatic hematoma: case series and literature review. Article in Portuguese. Braz Neurosurg. 2023;42(1):e1-e7."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib29","series-title":"Chin J Traumatol","first-page":"247","article-title":"Bilateral traumatic hemorrhage of the basal ganglia","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang YXWei SQXing YYLiu QHe WJ.Bilateral traumatic hemorrhage of the basal ganglia. 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Neurology. 1989;39(7):897-904."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib32","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"376","article-title":"Post-traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage: analysis of 52 patients with emphasis on the final outcome","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lee JPWang AD.Post-traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage: analysis of 52 patients with emphasis on the final outcome. J Trauma. 1991;31(3):376-380."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"Ital J Pediatr","first-page":"2","article-title":"Basal ganglia stroke due to mild head trauma in pediatric age\u2014clinical and therapeutic management: a case report and 10 year literature review","volume":"37","author":"Landi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Landi AMarotta NMancarella CMarruzzo DSalvati MDelfini R.Basal ganglia stroke due to mild head trauma in pediatric age\u2014clinical and therapeutic management: a case report and 10 year literature review. 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