{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:36:46Z","timestamp":1769726206077,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CSF rhinorrhea reflects an abnormal communication between the subarachnoid space and the sinonasal tract, most often after trauma or surgery; spontaneous leaks are uncommon and may arise from congenital skull base defects such as a persistent Sternberg\u2019s canal. However, its prevalence is debated due to the variability of reported anomalies across different case series in the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 43-year-old man presented with bacterial meningitis and was incidentally found to harbor a third ventricular choroid plexus cyst with mild ventriculomegaly. He underwent interhemispheric transcallosal resection with external ventricular drain placement. Postoperatively, transient CSF rhinorrhea occurred. CT cisternography localized the leak to a lateral craniopharyngeal (Sternberg\u2019s) canal. The defect was repaired through a minimally invasive mini-pterional subtemporal approach with intraoperative neuromonitoring. Symptoms resolved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case underscores the need to consider occult skull base defects in patients with meningitis and raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and to perform targeted imaging (CT cisternography) when rhinorrhea occurs. When the bony defect is lateral or high flow, a transcranial route may be appropriate; endoscopic options should be weighed based on location and surgeon expertise. Meticulous ICP management may mitigate dehiscence risk.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24644\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24644<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:11:24Z","timestamp":1769685084000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sternberg\u2019s canal defect: meningitis as the initial presentation in a patient with choroid plexus cyst incidentaloma. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Laith A.","family":"Ayasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery, Beth Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1041-6360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felipe","family":"Ramirez-Velandia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4477-1694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara","family":"Rahhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Omran","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Jerusalem, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6362-8899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alaa Khaled","family":"Najjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Jerusalem, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Aliwaiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Jerusalem, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sulaiman A.","family":"Aljouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Jerusalem, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Daqour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Jerusalem, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4239-5031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Izzeddin","family":"Bakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital, Jerusalem, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol","first-page":"8","article-title":"Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: an evidence-based review with recommendations","volume":"6","author":"Oakley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oakley GMAlt JASchlosser RJHarvey RJOrlandi RR.Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: an evidence-based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6(1):8-16."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"412","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal repair of sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leaks: our experience","volume":"67","author":"Janakiram","year":"2015","unstructured":"Janakiram TNSubramaniam VParekh P.Endoscopic endonasal repair of sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leaks: our experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;67(4):412-416."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib3","series-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol","first-page":"467","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak and idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Tam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tam EKGilbert AL.Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2019;30(6):467-471."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","series-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"369","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and encephaloceles","volume":"27","author":"Kutz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutz JWTolisano AM.Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and encephaloceles. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;27(5):369-375."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"464","article-title":"Spontaneous middle cranial fossa cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea in adults","volume":"126","author":"Rao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rao NRedleaf M.Spontaneous middle cranial fossa cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea in adults. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(2):464-468."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"337","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of spontaneous sphenoid sinus fistula: MR and CT findings","volume":"21","author":"Shetty","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shetty PGShroff MMFatterpekar GMSahani DVKirtane MV.A retrospective analysis of spontaneous sphenoid sinus fistula: MR and CT findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(2):337-342."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1070","article-title":"Endoscopic management of spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the lateral sphenoid sinus","volume":"112","author":"Tabaee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tabaee AAnand VKCappabianca PStamm AEsposito FSchwartz TH.Endoscopic management of spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the lateral sphenoid sinus. J Neurosurg. 2010;112(5):1070-1077."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"152","article-title":"CSF rhinorrhoea from unusual site : report of two cases","volume":"47","author":"Devi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Devi BIPanigrahi MKShenoy SVajramani GDas BSJayakumar PN.CSF rhinorrhoea from unusual site : report of two cases. Neurol India. 1999;47(2):152-154."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E120","article-title":"Commentary: Maximilian Sternberg (1863-1934): the man behind Sternberg\u2019s canal and his contribution to the modern-day skull base anatomy and neuroscience-historical vignette","volume":"83","author":"Thakur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thakur JDManzi BSavardekar ARSingh MPMenger RNanda A.Commentary: Maximilian Sternberg (1863-1934): the man behind Sternberg\u2019s canal and his contribution to the modern-day skull base anatomy and neuroscience-historical vignette. Neurosurgery. 2018;83(3):E120-E124."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"708.e11","article-title":"A case of evolving bilateral sphenoidal meningoencephaloceles: case report and review of the literature","volume":"100","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aggarwal VNair PShivhare PA case of evolving bilateral sphenoidal meningoencephaloceles: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2017;100:708.e11-708.e17."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy","first-page":"167","article-title":"Sternberg\u2019s canal: fact or fiction?","volume":"23","author":"Bara\u00f1ano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bara\u00f1ano CFCur\u00e9 JPalmer JNWoodworth BA.Sternberg\u2019s canal: fact or fiction? Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009;23(2):167-171."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","series-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"168","article-title":"The anatomy and physiology of the sphenoid sinus","volume":"14","author":"Baskin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baskin JZKuriakose MALebowitz RA.The anatomy and physiology of the sphenoid sinus. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;14(3):168-172."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"461","article-title":"Benign expansile lesions of the sphenoid sinus: differentiation from normal asymmetry of the lateral recesses","volume":"20","author":"Lewin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lewin JSCurtin HDEelkema EObuchowski N.Benign expansile lesions of the sphenoid sinus: differentiation from normal asymmetry of the lateral recesses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20(3):461-466."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib14","series-title":"Curr Med Imaging","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Analysis of the causes and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of meningocele caused by Sternberg\u2019s canal of the sphenoid sinus: two case reports and a review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"You","year":"2023","unstructured":"You WLin ZRWang YZAnalysis of the causes and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of meningocele caused by Sternberg\u2019s canal of the sphenoid sinus: two case reports and a review of the literature. Curr Med Imaging. 2023;19(9):1063-1070."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"345","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic repair of Sternberg\u2019s canal cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"117","author":"Castelnuovo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Castelnuovo PDallan IPistochini ABattaglia PLocatelli DBignami M.Endonasal endoscopic repair of Sternberg\u2019s canal cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Laryngoscope. 2007;117(2):345-349."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16","series-title":"Rhinology","first-page":"369","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF-leaks and meningoencephaloceles in sphenoid sinus by persisting Sternberg\u2019s canal","volume":"47","author":"Tomazic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tomazic PVStammberger H.Spontaneous CSF-leaks and meningoencephaloceles in sphenoid sinus by persisting Sternberg\u2019s canal. Rhinology. 2009;47(4):369-374."},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"228","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with meningoencephalocele related to Sternberg\u2019s canal: a report of two cases","volume":"14","author":"Adachi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adachi SUeno HMagami SCerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with meningoencephalocele related to Sternberg\u2019s canal: a report of two cases. Surg Neurol Int. 2023;14:228."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18","series-title":"Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne","first-page":"347","article-title":"Spontaneous sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningoencephalocele\u2014are they due to patent Sternberg\u2019s canal?","volume":"10","author":"Tomaszewska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tomaszewska MBro\u017cek-M\u0105dry EKrzeski A.Spontaneous sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningoencephalocele\u2014are they due to patent Sternberg\u2019s canal? Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne. 2015;10(2):347-358."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"379","article-title":"Acquired spontaneous, nontraumatic normal-pressure cerebrospinal fluid fistulas originating from the middle fossa","volume":"122","author":"Kaufman","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kaufman BNulsen FEWeiss MHBrodkey JSWhite RJSykora GF. Acquired spontaneous, nontraumatic normal-pressure cerebrospinal fluid fistulas originating from the middle fossa. Radiology. 1977;122(2):379-387."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Neuroophthalmol","first-page":"330","article-title":"Primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks and idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"33","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2013","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez MABialer OYBruce BBNewman NJBiousse V.Primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Neuroophthalmol. 2013;33(4):330-337."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"990.e1","article-title":"Treating cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea without dura repair: a case report of posterior fossa choroid plexus papilloma and review of the literature","volume":"108","author":"Lechanoine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lechanoine FZemmoura IVelut S.Treating cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea without dura repair: a case report of posterior fossa choroid plexus papilloma and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2017;108:990.e1-990.e9."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"576","article-title":"Choroid plexus papilloma with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"22","author":"Lamberts","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lamberts AE.Choroid plexus papilloma with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Surg Neurol. 1984;22(6):576-578."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib22","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"930","article-title":"Choroid plexus papilloma presenting with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea: Case report","volume":"50","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kinoshita YWasita BAkatsuka KKambe AKurosaki MWatanabe T.Choroid plexus papilloma presenting with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea: Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2010;50(10):930-933."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib23","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"705","article-title":"Exophytic choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle presenting with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a case report","volume":"71","author":"Symss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Symss NPPrasad ANVasudevan MCRamamurthi R.Exophytic choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle presenting with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: a case report. Surg Neurol. 2009;71(6):705-708."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib24","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1800","article-title":"Sphenoid encephaloceles: disease management and identification of lesions within the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus","volume":"112","author":"Lai","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lai SYKennedy DWBolger WE.Sphenoid encephaloceles: disease management and identification of lesions within the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus. Laryngoscope. 2002;112(10):1800-1805."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib25","series-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging","first-page":"441","article-title":"Imaging review of cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"27","author":"Vemuri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vemuri NVKaranam LSPManchikanti VDandamudi SPuvvada SKVemuri VK.Imaging review of cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017;27(4):441-446."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"531","article-title":"Contrasting surgical management of CSF leak from lateral recess of sphenoid sinus and its surgical outcomes: our experience","volume":"71","author":"Babu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Babu ARPrakash BGKadlimatti VISandhya DKamath S.Contrasting surgical management of CSF leak from lateral recess of sphenoid sinus and its surgical outcomes: our experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;71(4):531-536."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib27","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0264053","article-title":"Critical appraisal of minimally invasive keyhole surgery for intracranial meningioma in a large case series","volume":"17","author":"Thakur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thakur JDMallari RJCorlin ACritical appraisal of minimally invasive keyhole surgery for intracranial meningioma in a large case series. PLoS One. 2022;17(7):e0264053."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"5555","article-title":"Comparative study between minimally invasive supraorbital craniotomy and pterional craniotomy for treating anterior circulation cerebral aneurysms in a low-resource setting","volume":"11","author":"Fonseca","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fonseca RBCorreia AOVieira RSComparative study between minimally invasive supraorbital craniotomy and pterional craniotomy for treating anterior circulation cerebral aneurysms in a low-resource setting. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):5555."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol","first-page":"8","article-title":"Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: an evidence-based review with recommendations","volume":"6","author":"Oakley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oakley GMAlt JASchlosser RJHarvey RJOrlandi RR.Diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: an evidence-based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6(1):8-16."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"412","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal repair of sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leaks: our experience","volume":"67","author":"Janakiram","year":"2015","unstructured":"Janakiram TNSubramaniam VParekh P.Endoscopic endonasal repair of sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leaks: our experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;67(4):412-416."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib3","series-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol","first-page":"467","article-title":"Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak and idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Tam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tam EKGilbert AL.Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2019;30(6):467-471."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","series-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"369","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and encephaloceles","volume":"27","author":"Kutz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutz JWTolisano AM.Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and encephaloceles. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;27(5):369-375."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"464","article-title":"Spontaneous middle cranial fossa cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea in adults","volume":"126","author":"Rao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rao NRedleaf M.Spontaneous middle cranial fossa cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea in adults. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(2):464-468."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"337","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of spontaneous sphenoid sinus fistula: MR and CT findings","volume":"21","author":"Shetty","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shetty PGShroff MMFatterpekar GMSahani DVKirtane MV.A retrospective analysis of spontaneous sphenoid sinus fistula: MR and CT findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21(2):337-342."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1070","article-title":"Endoscopic management of spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the lateral sphenoid sinus","volume":"112","author":"Tabaee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tabaee AAnand VKCappabianca PStamm AEsposito FSchwartz TH.Endoscopic management of spontaneous meningoencephalocele of the lateral sphenoid sinus. J Neurosurg. 2010;112(5):1070-1077."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"152","article-title":"CSF rhinorrhoea from unusual site : report of two cases","volume":"47","author":"Devi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Devi BIPanigrahi MKShenoy SVajramani GDas BSJayakumar PN.CSF rhinorrhoea from unusual site : report of two cases. Neurol India. 1999;47(2):152-154."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E120","article-title":"Commentary: Maximilian Sternberg (1863-1934): the man behind Sternberg\u2019s canal and his contribution to the modern-day skull base anatomy and neuroscience-historical vignette","volume":"83","author":"Thakur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thakur JDManzi BSavardekar ARSingh MPMenger RNanda A.Commentary: Maximilian Sternberg (1863-1934): the man behind Sternberg\u2019s canal and his contribution to the modern-day skull base anatomy and neuroscience-historical vignette. Neurosurgery. 2018;83(3):E120-E124."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"708.e11","article-title":"A case of evolving bilateral sphenoidal meningoencephaloceles: case report and review of the literature","volume":"100","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aggarwal VNair PShivhare PA case of evolving bilateral sphenoidal meningoencephaloceles: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2017;100:708.e11-708.e17."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy","first-page":"167","article-title":"Sternberg\u2019s canal: fact or fiction?","volume":"23","author":"Bara\u00f1ano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bara\u00f1ano CFCur\u00e9 JPalmer JNWoodworth BA.Sternberg\u2019s canal: fact or fiction? Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009;23(2):167-171."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","series-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"168","article-title":"The anatomy and physiology of the sphenoid sinus","volume":"14","author":"Baskin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baskin JZKuriakose MALebowitz RA.The anatomy and physiology of the sphenoid sinus. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;14(3):168-172."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"461","article-title":"Benign expansile lesions of the sphenoid sinus: differentiation from normal asymmetry of the lateral recesses","volume":"20","author":"Lewin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lewin JSCurtin HDEelkema EObuchowski N.Benign expansile lesions of the sphenoid sinus: differentiation from normal asymmetry of the lateral recesses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20(3):461-466."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib14","series-title":"Curr Med Imaging","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Analysis of the causes and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of meningocele caused by Sternberg\u2019s canal of the sphenoid sinus: two case reports and a review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"You","year":"2023","unstructured":"You WLin ZRWang YZAnalysis of the causes and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of meningocele caused by Sternberg\u2019s canal of the sphenoid sinus: two case reports and a review of the literature. Curr Med Imaging. 2023;19(9):1063-1070."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"345","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic repair of Sternberg\u2019s canal cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"117","author":"Castelnuovo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Castelnuovo PDallan IPistochini ABattaglia PLocatelli DBignami M.Endonasal endoscopic repair of Sternberg\u2019s canal cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Laryngoscope. 2007;117(2):345-349."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16","series-title":"Rhinology","first-page":"369","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF-leaks and meningoencephaloceles in sphenoid sinus by persisting Sternberg\u2019s canal","volume":"47","author":"Tomazic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tomazic PVStammberger H.Spontaneous CSF-leaks and meningoencephaloceles in sphenoid sinus by persisting Sternberg\u2019s canal. Rhinology. 2009;47(4):369-374."},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"228","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with meningoencephalocele related to Sternberg\u2019s canal: a report of two cases","volume":"14","author":"Adachi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adachi SUeno HMagami SCerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with meningoencephalocele related to Sternberg\u2019s canal: a report of two cases. Surg Neurol Int. 2023;14:228."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18","series-title":"Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne","first-page":"347","article-title":"Spontaneous sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningoencephalocele\u2014are they due to patent Sternberg\u2019s canal?","volume":"10","author":"Tomaszewska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tomaszewska MBro\u017cek-M\u0105dry EKrzeski A.Spontaneous sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningoencephalocele\u2014are they due to patent Sternberg\u2019s canal? Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne. 2015;10(2):347-358."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"379","article-title":"Acquired spontaneous, nontraumatic normal-pressure cerebrospinal fluid fistulas originating from the middle fossa","volume":"122","author":"Kaufman","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kaufman BNulsen FEWeiss MHBrodkey JSWhite RJSykora GF. Acquired spontaneous, nontraumatic normal-pressure cerebrospinal fluid fistulas originating from the middle fossa. Radiology. 1977;122(2):379-387."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Neuroophthalmol","first-page":"330","article-title":"Primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks and idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"33","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2013","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez MABialer OYBruce BBNewman NJBiousse V.Primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Neuroophthalmol. 2013;33(4):330-337."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"990.e1","article-title":"Treating cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea without dura repair: a case report of posterior fossa choroid plexus papilloma and review of the literature","volume":"108","author":"Lechanoine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lechanoine FZemmoura IVelut S.Treating cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea without dura repair: a case report of posterior fossa choroid plexus papilloma and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2017;108:990.e1-990.e9."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"576","article-title":"Choroid plexus papilloma with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"22","author":"Lamberts","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lamberts AE.Choroid plexus papilloma with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. 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