{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T12:53:34Z","timestamp":1778676814049,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extensive spinal epidural abscess is an uncommon and potentially life-threatening condition that mandates appropriate early diagnosis and treatment to avoid potentially disastrous complications. Limited literature is available guiding the management of such an entity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The authors report the case of a 59-year-old female patient with a history of 5 days of severe back pain, fever, and associated lower limb neurological deficit. MRI revealed an epidural abscess extending from C2 to the sacrum. One-level segmental decompression was performed at the level of L2\u20133 in combination with the use of an epidurally introduced silicone catheter. Cultures came back positive for methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The patient received 6 weeks of antibiotics. The infection was successfully treated after surgery and systemic antibiotic therapy, and full neurological recovery was observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first report in the literature to describe successful surgical management of an extensive C2\u2013S1 epidural abscess through a single incision and one-level decompression. This less invasive technique could treat the holospinal abscess without the need for other procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24654\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24654<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T11:00:31Z","timestamp":1744023631000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Extensive spinal epidural abscess treated utilizing a single limited incision: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ali M.","family":"AlQahtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Konbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Almusrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyad","family":"Alyousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fawaz","family":"Alshaalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monerah","family":"Annaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7556-4095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khalid","family":"Beidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Zain Aldeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2852-0230","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anouar","family":"Bourghli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"JMA J","first-page":"29","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a review highlighting early diagnosis and management","volume":"3","author":"Tetsuka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tetsuka SSuzuki TOgawa THashimoto RKato H.Spinal epidural abscess: a review highlighting early diagnosis and management. JMA J. 2020;3(1):29-40."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Asian Spine J","first-page":"742","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a review of presentation, management, and medicolegal implications","volume":"14","author":"Sharfman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharfman ZTGelfand YShah PSpinal epidural abscess: a review of presentation, management, and medicolegal implications. Asian Spine J. 2020;14(5):742-759."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"292","article-title":"Epidural abscesses of the CNS","volume":"8","author":"Pradilla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pradilla GArdila GPHsu WRigamonti D.Epidural abscesses of the CNS. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(3):292-300."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neuroradiol J","first-page":"464","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: common symptoms of an emergency condition. A case report","volume":"26","author":"Rosc-Bereza","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosc-Bereza KArkuszewski MCiach-Wysocka EBoczarska-Jedynak M.Spinal epidural abscess: common symptoms of an emergency condition. A case report. Neuroradiol J. 2013;26(4):464-468."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib5","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"463","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"293","author":"Baker","year":"1975","unstructured":"Baker ASOjemann RGSwartz MNRichardson EP.Spinal epidural abscess. N Engl J Med. 1975;293(10):463-468."},{"issue":"19","key":"bib6","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2012","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"355","author":"Darouiche","year":"2006","unstructured":"Darouiche RO.Spinal epidural abscess. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(19):2012-2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"175","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients","volume":"23","author":"Reihsaus","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reihsaus EWaldbaur HSeeling W.Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 2000;23(4):175-205."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"189","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: contemporary trends in etiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"52","author":"Rigamonti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rigamonti DLiem LSampath PSpinal epidural abscess: contemporary trends in etiology, evaluation, and management. Surg Neurol. 1999;52(2):189-197."},{"issue":"23","key":"bib9","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"845","article-title":"Nontuberculous spinal epidural infections","volume":"239","author":"Heusner","year":"1948","unstructured":"Heusner AP.Nontuberculous spinal epidural infections. N Engl J Med. 1948;239(23):845-854."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"177","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a ten-year perspective","volume":"27","author":"Hlavin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hlavin MLKaminski HJRoss JSGanz E.Spinal epidural abscess: a ten-year perspective. Neurosurgery. 1990;27(2):177-184."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"225","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review","volume":"38","author":"Nussbaum","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nussbaum ESRigamonti DStandiford HNumaguchi YWolf ALRobinson WL.Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review. Surg Neurol. 1992;38(3):225-231."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"209","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: the importance of early diagnosis and treatment","volume":"65","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mackenzie ARLaing RBSmith CCKaar GFSmith FW.Spinal epidural abscess: the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;65(2):209-212."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib13","series-title":"Med Clin North Am","first-page":"375","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"69","author":"Verner","year":"1985","unstructured":"Verner EFMusher DM.Spinal epidural abscess. Med Clin North Am. 1985;69(2):375-384."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"546","article-title":"Pyogenic spinal epidural abscess: a minimally invasive technique for multisegmental decompression","volume":"14","author":"Schultz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schultz KDJrComey CHHaid RWJr. Technical note.Pyogenic spinal epidural abscess: a minimally invasive technique for multisegmental decompression. J Spinal Disord. 2001;14(6):546-549."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E11","article-title":"Holospinal epidural abscess of the spinal axis: two illustrative cases with review of treatment strategies and surgical techniques","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith GAKochar ASManjila SHolospinal epidural abscess of the spinal axis: two illustrative cases with review of treatment strategies and surgical techniques. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;37(2):E11."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"49","article-title":"Management of holospinal epidural abscess","volume":"166","author":"Tracz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tracz JJudy BWitham T.Management of holospinal epidural abscess. World Neurosurg. 2022;166:49-51."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","series-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases","first-page":"38","article-title":"Skip decompression surgeries in the treatment of holospinal epidural abscess: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Koyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koyama KAoki YInoue MSkip decompression surgeries in the treatment of holospinal epidural abscess: a case report. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2021;7(1):38."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"729","article-title":"Tailored minimally invasive tubular laminectomies for the urgent treatment of rare holocord spinal epidural abscess: case report and review of technique","volume":"6","author":"Roberti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roberti F.Tailored minimally invasive tubular laminectomies for the urgent treatment of rare holocord spinal epidural abscess: case report and review of technique. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(4):729-735."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib19","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e5733","article-title":"Pediatric holocord epidural abscess treated with apical laminotomies with catheter-directed irrigation and drainage","volume":"11","author":"Kurudza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kurudza EStadler JAIII.Pediatric holocord epidural abscess treated with apical laminotomies with catheter-directed irrigation and drainage. Cureus. 2019;11(9):e5733."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"Acute Med Surg","first-page":"363","article-title":"A case of panspinal epidural abscess that presented with meningeal irritation","volume":"4","author":"Okada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okada NNishiyama TKurihara MA case of panspinal epidural abscess that presented with meningeal irritation. Acute Med Surg. 2017;4(3):363-366."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","first-page":"821","article-title":"Holocord spinal epidural abscess: case report and literature review","volume":"102","author":"Xiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiang HMa XShen NYue BZhang GChen B.Holocord spinal epidural abscess: case report and literature review. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2016;102(6):821-825."},{"issue":"suppl 38","key":"bib22","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"S911","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess in a patient with piriformis pyomyositis","volume":"7","author":"Oh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oh GSAbou-Al-Shaar HArnone GDBarks ALHage ZANeckrysh S.Spinal epidural abscess in a patient with piriformis pyomyositis. Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7(suppl 38):S911-S913."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib23","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"318","article-title":"Extensive spinal epidural abscess treated with \u201capical laminectomies\u201d and irrigation of the epidural space: report of 2 cases","volume":"22","author":"Abd-El-Barr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abd-El-Barr MMBi WLBahluyen BRodriguez STGroff MWChi JH.Extensive spinal epidural abscess treated with \u201capical laminectomies\u201d and irrigation of the epidural space: report of 2 cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015;22(3):318-323."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"144","article-title":"Extensive spinal epidural abscess as a complication of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith CKavar B.Extensive spinal epidural abscess as a complication of Crohn\u2019s disease. J Clin Neurosci. 2010;17(1):144-146."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib25","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Holospinal epidural abscess complicated with bilateral psoas muscle abscess","volume":"14","author":"Shiu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shiu SILee BJChen HCLin YHWang CY.Holospinal epidural abscess complicated with bilateral psoas muscle abscess. Spine J. 2014;14(6):1072-1073."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib26","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Holospinal epidural abscess in a child patient: magnetic resonance imaging findings","volume":"15","author":"Koplay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koplay MSivri MEmiroglu MKGuler \u0130Karabagli HPaksoy Y.Holospinal epidural abscess in a child patient: magnetic resonance imaging findings. Spine J. 2015;15(12):e1-e2."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib27","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"e252337","article-title":"Holospinal epidural abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus group: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"Maeda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maeda KKikuta SMatsuyama SIshihara S.Holospinal epidural abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus group: a literature review. BMJ Case Rep. 2022;15(12):e252337."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib28","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e30437","article-title":"The surgical management of holospinal epidural abscess: a case report and review on catheter-based irrigation techniques","volume":"14","author":"Halalmeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Halalmeh DRPage JChilders CMoisi MD.The surgical management of holospinal epidural abscess: a case report and review on catheter-based irrigation techniques. Cureus. 2022;14(10):e30437."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"JMA J","first-page":"29","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a review highlighting early diagnosis and management","volume":"3","author":"Tetsuka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tetsuka SSuzuki TOgawa THashimoto RKato H.Spinal epidural abscess: a review highlighting early diagnosis and management. JMA J. 2020;3(1):29-40."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Asian Spine J","first-page":"742","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a review of presentation, management, and medicolegal implications","volume":"14","author":"Sharfman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharfman ZTGelfand YShah PSpinal epidural abscess: a review of presentation, management, and medicolegal implications. Asian Spine J. 2020;14(5):742-759."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"292","article-title":"Epidural abscesses of the CNS","volume":"8","author":"Pradilla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pradilla GArdila GPHsu WRigamonti D.Epidural abscesses of the CNS. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(3):292-300."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neuroradiol J","first-page":"464","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: common symptoms of an emergency condition. A case report","volume":"26","author":"Rosc-Bereza","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosc-Bereza KArkuszewski MCiach-Wysocka EBoczarska-Jedynak M.Spinal epidural abscess: common symptoms of an emergency condition. A case report. Neuroradiol J. 2013;26(4):464-468."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib5","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"463","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"293","author":"Baker","year":"1975","unstructured":"Baker ASOjemann RGSwartz MNRichardson EP.Spinal epidural abscess. N Engl J Med. 1975;293(10):463-468."},{"issue":"19","key":"bib6","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2012","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"355","author":"Darouiche","year":"2006","unstructured":"Darouiche RO.Spinal epidural abscess. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(19):2012-2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"175","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients","volume":"23","author":"Reihsaus","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reihsaus EWaldbaur HSeeling W.Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 2000;23(4):175-205."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"189","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: contemporary trends in etiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"52","author":"Rigamonti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rigamonti DLiem LSampath PSpinal epidural abscess: contemporary trends in etiology, evaluation, and management. Surg Neurol. 1999;52(2):189-197."},{"issue":"23","key":"bib9","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"845","article-title":"Nontuberculous spinal epidural infections","volume":"239","author":"Heusner","year":"1948","unstructured":"Heusner AP.Nontuberculous spinal epidural infections. N Engl J Med. 1948;239(23):845-854."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"177","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a ten-year perspective","volume":"27","author":"Hlavin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hlavin MLKaminski HJRoss JSGanz E.Spinal epidural abscess: a ten-year perspective. Neurosurgery. 1990;27(2):177-184."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"225","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review","volume":"38","author":"Nussbaum","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nussbaum ESRigamonti DStandiford HNumaguchi YWolf ALRobinson WL.Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review. Surg Neurol. 1992;38(3):225-231."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"209","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: the importance of early diagnosis and treatment","volume":"65","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mackenzie ARLaing RBSmith CCKaar GFSmith FW.Spinal epidural abscess: the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1998;65(2):209-212."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib13","series-title":"Med Clin North Am","first-page":"375","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"69","author":"Verner","year":"1985","unstructured":"Verner EFMusher DM.Spinal epidural abscess. Med Clin North Am. 1985;69(2):375-384."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"546","article-title":"Pyogenic spinal epidural abscess: a minimally invasive technique for multisegmental decompression","volume":"14","author":"Schultz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schultz KDJrComey CHHaid RWJr. Technical note.Pyogenic spinal epidural abscess: a minimally invasive technique for multisegmental decompression. J Spinal Disord. 2001;14(6):546-549."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E11","article-title":"Holospinal epidural abscess of the spinal axis: two illustrative cases with review of treatment strategies and surgical techniques","volume":"37","author":"Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith GAKochar ASManjila SHolospinal epidural abscess of the spinal axis: two illustrative cases with review of treatment strategies and surgical techniques. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;37(2):E11."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"49","article-title":"Management of holospinal epidural abscess","volume":"166","author":"Tracz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tracz JJudy BWitham T.Management of holospinal epidural abscess. World Neurosurg. 2022;166:49-51."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","series-title":"Spinal Cord Ser Cases","first-page":"38","article-title":"Skip decompression surgeries in the treatment of holospinal epidural abscess: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Koyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koyama KAoki YInoue MSkip decompression surgeries in the treatment of holospinal epidural abscess: a case report. Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2021;7(1):38."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"729","article-title":"Tailored minimally invasive tubular laminectomies for the urgent treatment of rare holocord spinal epidural abscess: case report and review of technique","volume":"6","author":"Roberti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roberti F.Tailored minimally invasive tubular laminectomies for the urgent treatment of rare holocord spinal epidural abscess: case report and review of technique. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(4):729-735."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib19","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e5733","article-title":"Pediatric holocord epidural abscess treated with apical laminotomies with catheter-directed irrigation and drainage","volume":"11","author":"Kurudza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kurudza EStadler JAIII.Pediatric holocord epidural abscess treated with apical laminotomies with catheter-directed irrigation and drainage. Cureus. 2019;11(9):e5733."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"Acute Med Surg","first-page":"363","article-title":"A case of panspinal epidural abscess that presented with meningeal irritation","volume":"4","author":"Okada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okada NNishiyama TKurihara MA case of panspinal epidural abscess that presented with meningeal irritation. Acute Med Surg. 2017;4(3):363-366."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","first-page":"821","article-title":"Holocord spinal epidural abscess: case report and literature review","volume":"102","author":"Xiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiang HMa XShen NYue BZhang GChen B.Holocord spinal epidural abscess: case report and literature review. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2016;102(6):821-825."},{"issue":"suppl 38","key":"bib22","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"S911","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess in a patient with piriformis pyomyositis","volume":"7","author":"Oh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oh GSAbou-Al-Shaar HArnone GDBarks ALHage ZANeckrysh S.Spinal epidural abscess in a patient with piriformis pyomyositis. Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7(suppl 38):S911-S913."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib23","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"318","article-title":"Extensive spinal epidural abscess treated with \u201capical laminectomies\u201d and irrigation of the epidural space: report of 2 cases","volume":"22","author":"Abd-El-Barr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abd-El-Barr MMBi WLBahluyen BRodriguez STGroff MWChi JH.Extensive spinal epidural abscess treated with \u201capical laminectomies\u201d and irrigation of the epidural space: report of 2 cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 2015;22(3):318-323."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"144","article-title":"Extensive spinal epidural abscess as a complication of Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith CKavar B.Extensive spinal epidural abscess as a complication of Crohn\u2019s disease. J Clin Neurosci. 2010;17(1):144-146."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib25","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Holospinal epidural abscess complicated with bilateral psoas muscle abscess","volume":"14","author":"Shiu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shiu SILee BJChen HCLin YHWang CY.Holospinal epidural abscess complicated with bilateral psoas muscle abscess. Spine J. 2014;14(6):1072-1073."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib26","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Holospinal epidural abscess in a child patient: magnetic resonance imaging findings","volume":"15","author":"Koplay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koplay MSivri MEmiroglu MKGuler \u0130Karabagli HPaksoy Y.Holospinal epidural abscess in a child patient: magnetic resonance imaging findings. Spine J. 2015;15(12):e1-e2."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib27","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"e252337","article-title":"Holospinal epidural abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus group: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"Maeda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maeda KKikuta SMatsuyama SIshihara S.Holospinal epidural abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus group: a literature review. BMJ Case Rep. 2022;15(12):e252337."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib28","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e30437","article-title":"The surgical management of holospinal epidural abscess: a case report and review on catheter-based irrigation techniques","volume":"14","author":"Halalmeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Halalmeh DRPage JChilders CMoisi MD.The surgical management of holospinal epidural abscess: a case report and review on catheter-based irrigation techniques. 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