{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:07:00Z","timestamp":1790176020541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a well-established option for the management of intracranial tumors, including meningiomas. Although valued for its low invasiveness and precision, it still carries a risk of complications. Communicating hydrocephalus is a serious, albeit rarely reported, complication of SRS. Here, the authors report two cases of communicating hydrocephalus following Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for periventricular meningiomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In both reported cases, the patients experienced a sudden deterioration in their clinical condition a few months after the second GKRS for recurrent periventricular World Health Organization grade II atypical meningiomas. The patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples revealed elevated levels of total protein and albumin. Additionally, both patients underwent multiple resections before radiation, and some of their lesions were located near the venous sinuses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Though rare, communicating hydrocephalus represents a significant potential sequela of SRS for meningiomas that clinicians should be aware of. Factors such as tumor volume and location, histology, and previous irradiation or surgery can exacerbate radiation-induced damage and collectively underlie the development of hydrocephalus. The authors also speculate that the CSF protein levels can serve as a unifying marker of SRS-induced radiation damage in the form of radiation-associated tumor necrosis, radiation-induced hyperpermeability, and inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24722\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24722<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T15:54:09Z","timestamp":1737388449000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Communicating hydrocephalus following stereotactic radiosurgery for periventricular meningiomas: illustrative cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra B.","family":"Lasica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornel","family":"Tancu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeid A.","family":"Abussuud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence D.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Perm J","first-page":"23","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery: instrumentation and theoretical aspects\u2014part 1","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen JCTGirvigian MR. Stereotactic radiosurgery: instrumentation and theoretical aspects\u2014part 1. Perm J. 2005;9(4):23-26."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"Acta Chir Scand","first-page":"316","article-title":"The stereotaxic method and radiosurgery of the brain","volume":"102","author":"Leksell","year":"1951","unstructured":"Leksell L. The stereotaxic method and radiosurgery of the brain. Acta Chir Scand. 1951;102(4):316-319."},{"issue":"suppl","key":"bib3","series-title":"Neurooncol Adv","first-page":"i67","article-title":"Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for meningiomas","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen WCLucas CGMagill STRogers CLRaleigh DR. Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for meningiomas. Neurooncol Adv. 2023;5(suppl 1):i67-i83."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"397","article-title":"Outcomes and complications of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for skull base meningiomas","volume":"75","author":"Bir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bir SCAmbekar SWard TNanda A. Outcomes and complications of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for skull base meningiomas. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2014;75(6):397-401."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib5","series-title":"Cancer Radiother","first-page":"730","article-title":"Meningioma of the skull base: long-term outcome after image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Kaul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaul DBudach VMisch MWiener EExner SBadakhshi H. Meningioma of the skull base: long-term outcome after image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy. Cancer Radiother. 2014;18(8):730-735."},{"issue":"suppl","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"57","article-title":"Early complications following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Singh VPKansai SVaishya SJulka PKMehta VS. Early complications following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(suppl 3):57-61."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"33","article-title":"The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of petroclival meningioma: a systematic review","volume":"159","author":"Wijaya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wijaya JHArjuna YYEJuly J. The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of petroclival meningioma: a systematic review. J Neurooncol. 2022;159(1):33-42."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"3519","article-title":"The long-term outcome of CyberKnife-based stereotactic radiotherapy for central skull base meningiomas: a single-center experience","volume":"44","author":"Hong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hong SSato KKagawa KIchi S. The long-term outcome of CyberKnife-based stereotactic radiotherapy for central skull base meningiomas: a single-center experience. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44(6):3519-3526."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"199","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebellopontine meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Gendreau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gendreau JLSheaffer KMacdonald N, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebellopontine meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Neurosurg. 2023;37(2):199-205."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1479","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for posterior fossa meningiomas: a multicenter study","volume":"122","author":"Sheehan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheehan JPStarke RMKano H, et al. Gamma Knife radiosurgery for posterior fossa meningiomas: a multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2015;122(6):1479-1489."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"785","article-title":"Normal pressure hydrocephalus after gamma knife radiosurgery for cerebellopontine angle meningioma","volume":"11","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fujimoto AMatsumura AMaruno TYasuda SYamamoto MNose T. Normal pressure hydrocephalus after gamma knife radiosurgery for cerebellopontine angle meningioma. J Clin Neurosci. 2004;11(7):785-787."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"162","article-title":"Normal pressure hydrocephalus after radiosurgery for sphenoid ridge meningioma","volume":"16","author":"Kajiwara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kajiwara MYamashita KUeba TNishikawa T. Normal pressure hydrocephalus after radiosurgery for sphenoid ridge meningioma. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(1):162-164."},{"issue":"18","key":"bib13","series-title":"World J Clin Cases","first-page":"2894","article-title":"Entrapment of the temporal horn secondary to postoperative gamma-knife radiosurgery in intraventricular meningioma: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu JLong SRLi GY. Entrapment of the temporal horn secondary to postoperative gamma-knife radiosurgery in intraventricular meningioma: a case report. World J Clin Cases. 2019;7(18):2894-2898."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"992","article-title":"Communicating hydrocephalus after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: an MR imaging study","volume":"30","author":"Cauley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cauley KARatkovits BBraff SPLinnell G. Communicating hydrocephalus after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: an MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(5):992-994."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib15","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1679","article-title":"Risk factors and tumor response associated with hydrocephalus after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma","volume":"154","author":"Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee SHSeol HJKong DS, et al. Risk factors and tumor response associated with hydrocephalus after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012;154(9):1679-1684."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"937","article-title":"The risk factors of symptomatic communicating hydrocephalus after stereotactic radiosurgery for unilateral vestibular schwannoma: the implication of brain atrophy","volume":"84","author":"Han","year":"2012","unstructured":"Han JHKim DGChung HT, et al. The risk factors of symptomatic communicating hydrocephalus after stereotactic radiosurgery for unilateral vestibular schwannoma: the implication of brain atrophy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;84(4):937-942."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1209","article-title":"Hydrocephalus associated with vestibular schwannomas: management options and factors predicting the outcome","volume":"114","author":"Gerganov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gerganov VMPirayesh ANouri M, et al. Hydrocephalus associated with vestibular schwannomas: management options and factors predicting the outcome. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(5):1209-1215."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"487","article-title":"Hydrocephalus after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for schwannoma","volume":"14","author":"Shimizu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shimizu YMiyamori TYamano J. Hydrocephalus after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for schwannoma. Asian J Neurosurg. 2019;14(2):487-490."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e505","article-title":"Communicating hydrocephalus following treatment of cerebellopontine angle tumors","volume":"165","author":"Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim JWoo BJi S, et al. Communicating hydrocephalus following treatment of cerebellopontine angle tumors. 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J Neurosurg. 2015;123(5):1287-1293."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Reirradiation of recurrent meningioma","volume":"19","author":"Wojcieszynski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wojcieszynski APOhri NAndrews DWEvans JJDicker APWerner-Wasik M. Reirradiation of recurrent meningioma. J Clin Neurosci. 2012;19(9):1261-1264."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","series-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lessons learned from reirradiation of recurrent skull base meningioma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"2","author":"Pritchard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pritchard AGNguyen TKBauman GS. Lessons learned from reirradiation of recurrent skull base meningioma: a case report and review of the literature. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2017;2(1):1-5."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"194","article-title":"Radiologic response and disease control of recurrent intracranial meningiomas treated with reirradiation","volume":"102","author":"Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin AJHui CDahiya S, et al. Radiologic response and disease control of recurrent intracranial meningiomas treated with reirradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018;102(1):194-203."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Prog Neurol Surg","first-page":"200","article-title":"Hydrocephalus and vestibular schwannomas: considerations about the impact of Gamma Knife radiosurgery","volume":"21","author":"Roche","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roche PHKhalil MSoumare OR\u00e9gis J. Hydrocephalus and vestibular schwannomas: considerations about the impact of Gamma Knife radiosurgery. 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Perm J. 2005;9(4):23-26."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"Acta Chir Scand","first-page":"316","article-title":"The stereotaxic method and radiosurgery of the brain","volume":"102","author":"Leksell","year":"1951","unstructured":"Leksell L. The stereotaxic method and radiosurgery of the brain. Acta Chir Scand. 1951;102(4):316-319."},{"issue":"suppl","key":"bib3","series-title":"Neurooncol Adv","first-page":"i67","article-title":"Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for meningiomas","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen WCLucas CGMagill STRogers CLRaleigh DR. Radiotherapy and radiosurgery for meningiomas. Neurooncol Adv. 2023;5(suppl 1):i67-i83."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"397","article-title":"Outcomes and complications of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for skull base meningiomas","volume":"75","author":"Bir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bir SCAmbekar SWard TNanda A. Outcomes and complications of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for skull base meningiomas. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2014;75(6):397-401."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib5","series-title":"Cancer Radiother","first-page":"730","article-title":"Meningioma of the skull base: long-term outcome after image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy","volume":"18","author":"Kaul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaul DBudach VMisch MWiener EExner SBadakhshi H. Meningioma of the skull base: long-term outcome after image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy. Cancer Radiother. 2014;18(8):730-735."},{"issue":"suppl","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"57","article-title":"Early complications following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Singh VPKansai SVaishya SJulka PKMehta VS. Early complications following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2000;93(suppl 3):57-61."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"33","article-title":"The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of petroclival meningioma: a systematic review","volume":"159","author":"Wijaya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wijaya JHArjuna YYEJuly J. The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of petroclival meningioma: a systematic review. J Neurooncol. 2022;159(1):33-42."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"3519","article-title":"The long-term outcome of CyberKnife-based stereotactic radiotherapy for central skull base meningiomas: a single-center experience","volume":"44","author":"Hong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hong SSato KKagawa KIchi S. The long-term outcome of CyberKnife-based stereotactic radiotherapy for central skull base meningiomas: a single-center experience. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44(6):3519-3526."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"199","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebellopontine meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Gendreau","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gendreau JLSheaffer KMacdonald N, et al. Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebellopontine meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Neurosurg. 2023;37(2):199-205."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1479","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for posterior fossa meningiomas: a multicenter study","volume":"122","author":"Sheehan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheehan JPStarke RMKano H, et al. Gamma Knife radiosurgery for posterior fossa meningiomas: a multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2015;122(6):1479-1489."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"785","article-title":"Normal pressure hydrocephalus after gamma knife radiosurgery for cerebellopontine angle meningioma","volume":"11","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fujimoto AMatsumura AMaruno TYasuda SYamamoto MNose T. Normal pressure hydrocephalus after gamma knife radiosurgery for cerebellopontine angle meningioma. J Clin Neurosci. 2004;11(7):785-787."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"162","article-title":"Normal pressure hydrocephalus after radiosurgery for sphenoid ridge meningioma","volume":"16","author":"Kajiwara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kajiwara MYamashita KUeba TNishikawa T. Normal pressure hydrocephalus after radiosurgery for sphenoid ridge meningioma. 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