{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T04:45:57Z","timestamp":1770353157071,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasmacytoma, a rare plasma cell disorder, often presents as a solitary or multiple tumors within the bone marrow or soft tissues, typically associated with multiple myeloma. Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs), particularly those located in the external auditory canal (EAC), are exceedingly rare and pose significant treatment challenges given their location, anatomical complexity, and high risk of recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors report the case of a 72-year-old male with a history of multiple myeloma, presenting with recurrent left EAC plasmacytoma. After initial conventional radiotherapy for the lesion, a recurrence was documented in 7 years. The patient subsequently underwent stereotactic radiosurgery, which proved successful, leading to complete resolution of the lesion without any long-term adverse effects or radiation-related complications over a 45-month period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case is a unique instance of utilizing stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent EMP in the EAC, highlighting its potential as an effective approach in managing complex plasmacytomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T02:45:40Z","timestamp":1714963540000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery for extramedullary plasmacytoma in the external auditory canal: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Surya","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Artificial Intelligence Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaheh","family":"Shaghaghian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaryan","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Artificial Intelligence Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neelan J","family":"Marianayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Artificial Intelligence Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott G","family":"Soltys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Veeravagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Artificial Intelligence Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris C","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven D","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Hematol","first-page":"719","article-title":"Multiple myeloma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management","volume":"91","author":"Rajkumar SV","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol. 2016;91(7):719\u2013734."},{"issue":"9","key":"b2","series-title":"Ear Nose Throat J","first-page":"556","article-title":"Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the external auditory canal: a case report","volume":"86","author":"Antoniadou S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Antoniadou S, Xenellis J, Ferekidis E, Christopoulos P, Tsanaktsidis G, Antoniades K. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the external auditory canal: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J. 2007;86(9):556\u2013557."},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"741","article-title":"Head and neck manifestations of plasma cell neoplasms","volume":"107","author":"Nofsinger YC","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nofsinger YC, Mirza N, Rowan PT, Lanza D, Weinstein G. Head and neck manifestations of plasma cell neoplasms. Laryngoscope. 1997;107(6):741\u2013746."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Ear Nose Throat J","first-page":"227","article-title":"Extramedullary plasmacytoma: long-term clinical outcomes in a single-center in China and literature review","volume":"100","author":"Zhu X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu X, Wang L, Zhu Y,  Extramedullary plasmacytoma: long-term clinical outcomes in a single-center in China and literature review. Ear Nose Throat J. 2021;100(4):227\u2013232."},{"issue":"2","key":"b5","series-title":"Ear Nose Throat J","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx in an adolescent: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"88","author":"Rutherford K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rutherford K, Parsons S, Cordes S. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx in an adolescent: a case report and review of the literature. 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Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47(2):291\u2013298."},{"issue":"10","key":"b8","series-title":"Curr Oncol","first-page":"7021","article-title":"Dose-volume Constraints fOr oRganS At risk In Radiotherapy (CORSAIR): An \u201call-in-one\u201d multicenter-multidisciplinary practical summary","volume":"29","author":"Bisello S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bisello S, Cilla S, Benini A,  Dose-volume Constraints fOr oRganS At risk In Radiotherapy (CORSAIR): An \u201call-in-one\u201d multicenter-multidisciplinary practical summary. Curr Oncol. 2022;29(10):7021\u20137050."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol","first-page":"e355","article-title":"Organ at risk dose constraints in SABR: a systematic review of active clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Gerhard SG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerhard SG, Palma DA, Arifin AJ,  Organ at risk dose constraints in SABR: a systematic review of active clinical trials. 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Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):7836."},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neuroimaging","first-page":"361","article-title":"Cyberknife radiosurgery for basal skull plasmacytoma","volume":"16","author":"Wong ET","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wong ET, Lu XQ, Devulapalli J, Mahadevan A. Cyberknife radiosurgery for basal skull plasmacytoma. J Neuroimaging. 2006;16(4): 361\u2013363."},{"issue":"2","key":"b15","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"174","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for cavernous sinus plasmacytoma in a patient with breast cancer history","volume":"63","author":"Peker S","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peker S, Abacio\u011flu U, Bayrakli F, Kili\u00e7 T, Pamir MN. Gamma knife radiosurgery for cavernous sinus plasmacytoma in a patient with breast cancer history. 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