{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:28:41Z","timestamp":1778606921434,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients transferred from high-altitude areas present with unique challenges that complicate the treatment of these patients. This study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment experience of TBI patients transferred to the authors\u2019 center from ultra-high-altitude areas.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n The authors conducted a retrospective case series analysis of 10 TBI cases admitted to their center between January 2021 and December 2023. These patients were airlifted from areas > 3500 m above sea level. On admission and at specified intervals up to 30 days postadmission, patients underwent head CT scans, laboratory tests, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessments. Self-care ability scores and psychological assessments were obtained at various time points postdischarge. With a precise and proactive treatment strategy, there was a significant reduction in intracranial hematoma volume, hemoglobin levels, D-dimer, procalcitonin, and serum sodium by the 30th day. The incidence of PTSD was markedly reduced at 6 months postdischarge compared with initial assessments within the 1st week.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n TBI patients transferred from high-altitude areas exhibited persistent intracerebral hematoma, elevated intracranial pressure, relative anemia, hypercoagulation, etc., and thus a precise and proactive treatment would benefit these patients.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24823<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T06:35:56Z","timestamp":1754289356000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with traumatic brain injury transferred from ultra-high-altitude areas: patient series"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1861-6383","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jishu","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tunan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Ward, Milledge and West\u2019s High Altitude Medicine and Physiology","first-page":"75","article-title":"Travelers and workers at high altitude","author":"Luks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luks AMAinslie PNLawley JSRoach RCSimonson TS.Travelers and workers at high altitude. In: Ward, Milledge and West\u2019s High Altitude Medicine and Physiology. 6th ed. CRC Press; 2021:75-90."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"848944","article-title":"The clinical differences of patients with traumatic brain injury in plateau and plain areas","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang YPeng YHe SWu JXie QMa Y.The clinical differences of patients with traumatic brain injury in plateau and plain areas. Front Neurol. 2022;13:848944."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Am J Emerg Med","first-page":"183","article-title":"Patient-centered mild traumatic brain injury interventions in the emergency department","volume":"79","author":"Ray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ray SLuke JKreitzer N.Patient-centered mild traumatic brain injury interventions in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;79:183-191."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"1115726","article-title":"Research progress of endogenous hematoma absorption after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu PZhang MWu MResearch progress of endogenous hematoma absorption after intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1115726."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Transl Med","first-page":"676","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 impairs the storage quality of suspended red blood cells in the Tibetan high-altitude polycythemia population","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu XLiu ZHao DTyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 impairs the storage quality of suspended red blood cells in the Tibetan high-altitude polycythemia population. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):676."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","series-title":"Sci Rep","article-title":"The clinical characteristics of anemia in native adults living at different altitudes of the Tibetan Plateau","volume":"13","author":"Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang JLi RYe DThe clinical characteristics of anemia in native adults living at different altitudes of the Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):3208."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","series-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci","first-page":"224","article-title":"Neuron derived fractalkine promotes microglia to absorb hematoma via CD163\/HO-1 after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"79","author":"You","year":"2022","unstructured":"You MLong CWan YNeuron derived fractalkine promotes microglia to absorb hematoma via CD163\/HO-1 after intracerebral hemorrhage. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(5):224."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8","series-title":"BMC Emerg Med","first-page":"150","article-title":"Severe hyperlactatemia in the emergency department: clinical characteristics, etiology and mortality","volume":"24","author":"Tangpaisarn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tangpaisarn TDrumheller BCDaungjunchot RKotruchin PDaorattanachai KPhungoen P.Severe hyperlactatemia in the emergency department: clinical characteristics, etiology and mortality. BMC Emerg Med. 2024;24(1):150."},{"issue":"19","key":"bib9","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2063","article-title":"Hypoxia and low temperature upregulate transferrin to induce hypercoagulability at high altitude","volume":"140","author":"Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li MTang XLiao ZHypoxia and low temperature upregulate transferrin to induce hypercoagulability at high altitude. Blood. 2022;140(19):2063-2075."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia","first-page":"100016","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathophysiology of vascular thrombosis in acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude: a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"3","author":"Nair","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nair VSingh SAshraf MZEpidemiology and pathophysiology of vascular thrombosis in acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude: a prospective longitudinal study. 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Front Neurol. 2022;13:1026540."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib13","series-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med","first-page":"e356","article-title":"Association between continuous kidney replacement therapy clearance and outcome in pediatric patients with hyperammonemia not due to inborn error of metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Starr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Starr MCCater DTWilson ACWallace SBennett WEJrHains DS.Association between continuous kidney replacement therapy clearance and outcome in pediatric patients with hyperammonemia not due to inborn error of metabolism. 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Nat Med. 2024;30(2):373-381."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16","series-title":"Transl Psychiatry","first-page":"289","article-title":"Military-related mild traumatic brain injury: clinical characteristics, advanced neuroimaging, and molecular mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim SYYeh PHOllinger JMMilitary-related mild traumatic brain injury: clinical characteristics, advanced neuroimaging, and molecular mechanisms. Transl Psychiatry. 2023;13(1):289."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib17","series-title":"Neurocrit Care","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Complications of intracranial multimodal monitoring for neurocritical care: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Barrit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barrit SEl Hadwe SAl Barajraji MComplications of intracranial multimodal monitoring for neurocritical care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurocrit Care. 2024;40(3):1182-1192."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","series-title":"Mol Med Rep","first-page":"41","article-title":"Reoxygenation induces reactive oxygen species production and ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"23","author":"Eleftheriadis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eleftheriadis TPissas GFilippidis GLiakopoulos VStefanidis I.Reoxygenation induces reactive oxygen species production and ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Mol Med Rep. 2021;23(1):41."},{"issue":"2S suppl 1","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg","first-page":"S41","article-title":"Hemodynamic events during en route critical care for patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"93","author":"Davis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davis WTMedellin KLCutright JEHemodynamic events during en route critical care for patients with traumatic brain injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022;93(2S suppl 1):S41-S48."},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Ward, Milledge and West\u2019s High Altitude Medicine and Physiology","first-page":"75","article-title":"Travelers and workers at high altitude","author":"Luks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luks AMAinslie PNLawley JSRoach RCSimonson TS.Travelers and workers at high altitude. In: Ward, Milledge and West\u2019s High Altitude Medicine and Physiology. 6th ed. CRC Press; 2021:75-90."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"848944","article-title":"The clinical differences of patients with traumatic brain injury in plateau and plain areas","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang YPeng YHe SWu JXie QMa Y.The clinical differences of patients with traumatic brain injury in plateau and plain areas. 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Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):3208."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib7","series-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci","first-page":"224","article-title":"Neuron derived fractalkine promotes microglia to absorb hematoma via CD163\/HO-1 after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"79","author":"You","year":"2022","unstructured":"You MLong CWan YNeuron derived fractalkine promotes microglia to absorb hematoma via CD163\/HO-1 after intracerebral hemorrhage. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;79(5):224."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8","series-title":"BMC Emerg Med","first-page":"150","article-title":"Severe hyperlactatemia in the emergency department: clinical characteristics, etiology and mortality","volume":"24","author":"Tangpaisarn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tangpaisarn TDrumheller BCDaungjunchot RKotruchin PDaorattanachai KPhungoen P.Severe hyperlactatemia in the emergency department: clinical characteristics, etiology and mortality. BMC Emerg Med. 2024;24(1):150."},{"issue":"19","key":"bib9","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2063","article-title":"Hypoxia and low temperature upregulate transferrin to induce hypercoagulability at high altitude","volume":"140","author":"Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li MTang XLiao ZHypoxia and low temperature upregulate transferrin to induce hypercoagulability at high altitude. Blood. 2022;140(19):2063-2075."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia","first-page":"100016","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathophysiology of vascular thrombosis in acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude: a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"3","author":"Nair","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nair VSingh SAshraf MZEpidemiology and pathophysiology of vascular thrombosis in acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude: a prospective longitudinal study. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2022;3:100016."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"1324021","article-title":"Crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and immune regulation: insights into pathobiology and therapeutic implications of transfusion-related acute lung injury","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu YWang RSong CCrosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and immune regulation: insights into pathobiology and therapeutic implications of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1324021."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"1026540","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of brain injury complicated by hypernatremia","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu HBai MLi XXing YSun S.Diagnosis and treatment of brain injury complicated by hypernatremia. Front Neurol. 2022;13:1026540."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib13","series-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med","first-page":"e356","article-title":"Association between continuous kidney replacement therapy clearance and outcome in pediatric patients with hyperammonemia not due to inborn error of metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Starr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Starr MCCater DTWilson ACWallace SBennett WEJrHains DS.Association between continuous kidney replacement therapy clearance and outcome in pediatric patients with hyperammonemia not due to inborn error of metabolism. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2022;23(7):e356-e360."},{"issue":"23","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"3220","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder after civilian traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence rates","volume":"36","author":"Van Praag","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Praag DLGCnossen MCPolinder SWilson LMaas AIR.Post-traumatic stress disorder after civilian traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence rates. J Neurotrauma. 2019;36(23):3220-3232."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15","series-title":"Nat Med","first-page":"373","article-title":"Magnesium-ibogaine therapy in veterans with traumatic brain injuries","volume":"30","author":"Cherian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cherian KNKeynan JNAnker LMagnesium-ibogaine therapy in veterans with traumatic brain injuries. Nat Med. 2024;30(2):373-381."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16","series-title":"Transl Psychiatry","first-page":"289","article-title":"Military-related mild traumatic brain injury: clinical characteristics, advanced neuroimaging, and molecular mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim SYYeh PHOllinger JMMilitary-related mild traumatic brain injury: clinical characteristics, advanced neuroimaging, and molecular mechanisms. Transl Psychiatry. 2023;13(1):289."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib17","series-title":"Neurocrit Care","first-page":"1182","article-title":"Complications of intracranial multimodal monitoring for neurocritical care: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Barrit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barrit SEl Hadwe SAl Barajraji MComplications of intracranial multimodal monitoring for neurocritical care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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