{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:29:49Z","timestamp":1785335389535,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Candida parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      has been implicated in central nervous system (CNS) infections (i.e., meningitis or ventriculitis) but has not been previously reported to cause intracerebral abscesses. CNS infections secondary to\n                      <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      are notoriously difficult to treat due to the poor CNS penetration of amphotericin B. Historically, intraventricular amphotericin B has been used to treat\n                      <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ventriculitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 15-year-old female with no comorbidities presented with nonresolving headaches, photophobia, fevers, and meningism. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain revealed a right frontal abscess. After multiple drainage surgeries, subsequent CT scans showed reaccumulation of her abscess.\n                      <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was cultured, and the patient was then taken to the operating room where an external ventricular drain catheter was successfully placed within the abscess cavity. Pus was repeatedly aspirated, followed by the instillation of intralesional amphotericin B twice a day for 2 weeks. The patient\u2019s clinical condition improved substantially with complete resolution of symptoms, improvement of infective markers, and resolution of radiological features of the abscess. Follow-up of the patient revealed the absence of symptoms and image characteristics of abscess on CT 3 months posttreatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intralesional amphotericin B is a novel but effective treatment of\n                      <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      intracerebral abscess, an organism not previously described as a cause of intracerebral abscesses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2484\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2484<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T02:58:58Z","timestamp":1722221938000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Candida parapsilosis intracerebral abscess and intralesional amphotericin B: a novel treatment approach to a rare infection. Illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dion","family":"Basson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital, Kimberley, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theshan","family":"Kogilan Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital, Kimberley, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenne","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory Services, Microbiology, Kimberley, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonella","family":"Saul-Macala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital, Kimberley, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Ding He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital, Kimberley, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe Hospital, Kimberley, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","series-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am","first-page":"381","article-title":"Brain abscess","volume":"25","author":"Slazinski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slazinski T. Brain abscess. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2013;25(3):381-388."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","first-page":"679","article-title":"A Canadian national survey of the neurosurgical management of intracranial abscesses","volume":"50","author":"Kameda-Smith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kameda-Smith MMRagulojan MHart S, et al. A Canadian national survey of the neurosurgical management of intracranial abscesses. Can J Neurol Sci. 2023;50(5):679-686."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"136","article-title":"Brain abscess: an overview","volume":"9","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muzumdar DJhawar SGoel A. Brain abscess: an overview. Int J Surg. 2011;9(2):136-144."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"447","article-title":"Brain abscess","volume":"371","author":"Brouwer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brouwer MCTunkel ARMcKhann GM IIvan de Beek D. Brain abscess. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):447-456."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"169","article-title":"The central nervous system and infection by Candida species","volume":"37","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Portocarrero","year":"2000","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Portocarrero JP\u00e9rez-Cecilia ECorral ORomero-Vivas JPicazo JJ. The central nervous system and infection by Candida species. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000;37(3):169-179."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Intracerebral Aspergillus fumigatus abscess and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"47","author":"De Villiers De La Noue","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Villiers De La Noue VDobanton BRosman JMateu P. Intracerebral Aspergillus fumigatus abscess and SARS-CoV-2. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(9):1032-1033."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"306","article-title":"Intracerebral aspergillus abscess: case report","volume":"13","author":"Klein","year":"1983","unstructured":"Klein HJRichter HPSchachenmayr W. Intracerebral aspergillus abscess: case report. Neurosurgery. 1983;13(3):306-309."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"423","article-title":"Invasive intracerebral fungal infection in a leukaemic patient","volume":"26","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien DLim CHFarrell M, et al. Invasive intracerebral fungal infection in a leukaemic patient. Br J Neurosurg. 2012;26(3):423-425."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib9","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e3140","article-title":"Device-associated central nervous system infection caused by Candida parapsilosis","volume":"10","author":"Bhalla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhalla GSMalik MSarao MS, et al. Device-associated central nervous system infection caused by Candida parapsilosis. Cureus. 2018;10(8):e3140."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","series-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol","first-page":"283","article-title":"Candida parapsilosis: a review of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, typing and antimicrobial susceptibility","volume":"35","author":"van Asbeck","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Asbeck ECClemons KVStevens DA. Candida parapsilosis: a review of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, typing and antimicrobial susceptibility. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2009;35(4):283-309."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"e00190","article-title":"Intrathecal antibacterial and antifungal therapies","volume":"33","author":"Nau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nau RBlei CEiffert H. Intrathecal antibacterial and antifungal therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020;33(3): e00190-19."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis","first-page":"340725","article-title":"Recurrent Candida albicans ventriculitis treated with intraventricular liposomal amphotericin B","volume":"2015","author":"Toprak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toprak D\u00d6cal Demir SKadayifci EKT\u00fcrel \u00d6Soysal ABakir M. Recurrent Candida albicans ventriculitis treated with intraventricular liposomal amphotericin B. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2015;2015:340725."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"519","article-title":"Intrathecal amphotericin B: a 60-year experience in treating coccidioidal meningitis","volume":"64","author":"Ho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho JFowler PHeidari AJohnson RH. Intrathecal amphotericin B: a 60-year experience in treating coccidioidal meningitis. 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Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000;37(3):169-179."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Intracerebral Aspergillus fumigatus abscess and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"47","author":"De Villiers De La Noue","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Villiers De La Noue VDobanton BRosman JMateu P. Intracerebral Aspergillus fumigatus abscess and SARS-CoV-2. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(9):1032-1033."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"306","article-title":"Intracerebral aspergillus abscess: case report","volume":"13","author":"Klein","year":"1983","unstructured":"Klein HJRichter HPSchachenmayr W. Intracerebral aspergillus abscess: case report. Neurosurgery. 1983;13(3):306-309."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"423","article-title":"Invasive intracerebral fungal infection in a leukaemic patient","volume":"26","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien DLim CHFarrell M, et al. Invasive intracerebral fungal infection in a leukaemic patient. Br J Neurosurg. 2012;26(3):423-425."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib9","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e3140","article-title":"Device-associated central nervous system infection caused by Candida parapsilosis","volume":"10","author":"Bhalla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhalla GSMalik MSarao MS, et al. Device-associated central nervous system infection caused by Candida parapsilosis. Cureus. 2018;10(8):e3140."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","series-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol","first-page":"283","article-title":"Candida parapsilosis: a review of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, typing and antimicrobial susceptibility","volume":"35","author":"van Asbeck","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Asbeck ECClemons KVStevens DA. Candida parapsilosis: a review of its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, typing and antimicrobial susceptibility. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2009;35(4):283-309."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"e00190","article-title":"Intrathecal antibacterial and antifungal therapies","volume":"33","author":"Nau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nau RBlei CEiffert H. Intrathecal antibacterial and antifungal therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020;33(3): e00190-19."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis","first-page":"340725","article-title":"Recurrent Candida albicans ventriculitis treated with intraventricular liposomal amphotericin B","volume":"2015","author":"Toprak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toprak D\u00d6cal Demir SKadayifci EKT\u00fcrel \u00d6Soysal ABakir M. Recurrent Candida albicans ventriculitis treated with intraventricular liposomal amphotericin B. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2015;2015:340725."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"519","article-title":"Intrathecal amphotericin B: a 60-year experience in treating coccidioidal meningitis","volume":"64","author":"Ho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho JFowler PHeidari AJohnson RH. Intrathecal amphotericin B: a 60-year experience in treating coccidioidal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(4):519-524."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","series-title":"CNS Drugs","first-page":"225","article-title":"Early experiences with intrathecal administration of amphotericin B liposomal formulation at a neurosurgical center","volume":"38","author":"Nailor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nailor MDGoodlet KJGonzalez OHaller JT. Early experiences with intrathecal administration of amphotericin B liposomal formulation at a neurosurgical center. CNS Drugs. 2024;38(3):225-229."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib15","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"701","article-title":"Bladder irrigation with amphotericin B and fungal urinary tract infection\u2014systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Tuon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tuon FFAmato VSPenteado Filho SR. Bladder irrigation with amphotericin B and fungal urinary tract infection\u2014systematic review with meta-analysis. 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