{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:01:09Z","timestamp":1778810469198,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Primary intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare, especially as intraosseous lesions in the mandible. Resection, with or without embolization, has historically been the treatment of choice. There are few reports in the literature regarding the treatment of these lesions with primary sclerotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n A 13-year-old female presented with significant bleeding from a progressively enlarging alveolar and gingival mass with loosening dentition following a biopsy of a left mandibular lesion. CT angiography of the head diagnosed bilateral Sch\u00f6binger stage II intramandibular AVMs. She underwent sclerotherapy using ethanol and coils for both lesions in separate sessions as the primary treatment of the lesions. Posttreatment, the patient showed no complications or recurrence, and her dentition settled into normal occlusion without mobility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n Primary sclerotherapy using ethanol and coils can be an effective treatment option for low-stage, simple intraosseous AVMs. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal interventional treatment for intraosseous AVMs and to compare the efficacy of different sclerosants.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24868<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T20:10:22Z","timestamp":1745266222000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sclerotherapy for the treatment of bilateral mandibular intraosseous arteriovenous malformations: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gabriel A.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Dabhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Todd","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Ridge Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fishersville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min S.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"283","article-title":"Surgical management of arteriovenous malformation","volume":"64","author":"Visser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Visser AFitzJohn TTan ST.Surgical management of arteriovenous malformation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(3):283-291."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"Sci Rep","article-title":"Clinical and imaging features of intraosseous arteriovenous malformations in jaws: a 15-year experience of single centre","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li XSu LWang DClinical and imaging features of intraosseous arteriovenous malformations in jaws: a 15-year experience of single centre. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):12046."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3","series-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg","first-page":"203","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations","volume":"23","author":"Uller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uller WAlomari AIRichter GT.Arteriovenous malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014;23(4):203-207."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"591","article-title":"The rare case of a large complex intraosseous cranial arteriovenous malformation with successful multidisciplinary management","volume":"20","author":"Al-Smadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Smadi AShokuhfar TJohnston AAlden TDBowman RShaibani A.The rare case of a large complex intraosseous cranial arteriovenous malformation with successful multidisciplinary management. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017;20(6):591-597."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"111458","article-title":"Intraosseous resection of mandibular arteriovenous malformations: a mandible sparing multi-disciplinary case series","volume":"167","author":"Ferguson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferguson KWong KDeHart ANRichter G.Intraosseous resection of mandibular arteriovenous malformations: a mandible sparing multi-disciplinary case series. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;167:111458."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"255.e1","article-title":"Oral surgical procedures performed safely in patients with head and neck arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective case series of 12 patients","volume":"74","author":"Karim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karim ABLindsey SBovino BBerenstein A.Oral surgical procedures performed safely in patients with head and neck arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective case series of 12 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(2):255.e1-255.e8."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1695","article-title":"Embolization as the primary treatment for mandibular arteriovenous malformations: an analysis of 50 literature reports and of an illustrative case","volume":"76","author":"Monteiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Monteiro JLGCde Arruda JAAFigueiredo Leal JLBatista LLC\u00e9lia de Aguiar Soares Carneiro Sdo Egito Vasconcelos BC.Embolization as the primary treatment for mandibular arteriovenous malformations: an analysis of 50 literature reports and of an illustrative case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;76(8):1695-1707."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"198","article-title":"Head and neck arteriovenous malformations: results of ethanol sclerotherapy","volume":"34","author":"Pekkola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pekkola JLappalainen KVuola PKlockars TSalminen PPitk\u00e4ranta A.Head and neck arteriovenous malformations: results of ethanol sclerotherapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34(1):198-204."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib9","series-title":"PLOS One","first-page":"e0273018","article-title":"Interventional embolization combined with surgical resection for treatment of extracranial AVM of the head and neck: a monocentric retrospective analysis","volume":"17","author":"Lilje","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lilje DWiesmann MHasan DRidwan HH\u00f6lzle FNikoubashman O.Interventional embolization combined with surgical resection for treatment of extracranial AVM of the head and neck: a monocentric retrospective analysis. PLOS One. 2022;17(9):e0273018."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Large intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of the maxilla\u2014a case report with review of literature","volume":"52","author":"Kacker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kacker AHeier LJones J.Large intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of the maxilla\u2014a case report with review of literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;52(1):89-92."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"916","article-title":"Management of high-flow arteriovenous malformation in the maxillofacial region","volume":"21","author":"Deng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deng WHuang DChen SManagement of high-flow arteriovenous malformation in the maxillofacial region. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21(3):916-919."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Salvage treatment of hemorrhagic arteriovenous malformations in jaws","volume":"43","author":"Su","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su LWang DHan YWang ZFan X.Salvage treatment of hemorrhagic arteriovenous malformations in jaws. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(7):1082-1087."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib13","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Ethanol embolization of arteriovenous malformations of the mandible","volume":"30","author":"Fan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fan XDSu LXZheng JWZheng LZZhang ZY.Ethanol embolization of arteriovenous malformations of the mandible. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(6):1178-1183."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"J Clin Exp Dent","first-page":"189","article-title":",","author":"Cariati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cariati PMar\u00edn-Fern\u00e1ndez ABJulia-Mart\u00ednez M\u00c1P\u00e9rez-De Perceval-Tara M,S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez D,Mart\u00ednez-Lara I. Endovascular treatment of an intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of the mandible in a child. A case report. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017:189-191."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"130","article-title":"Extensive bilateral arteriovenous malformations of the mandible successfully controlled by combined endovascular and transcutaneous angio-embolization: case report and review of the literature","volume":"77","author":"Bergeron","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bergeron MCortes MDolev YH P Nguyen L.Extensive bilateral arteriovenous malformations of the mandible successfully controlled by combined endovascular and transcutaneous angio-embolization: case report and review of the literature. 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J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(3):283-291."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"Sci Rep","article-title":"Clinical and imaging features of intraosseous arteriovenous malformations in jaws: a 15-year experience of single centre","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li XSu LWang DClinical and imaging features of intraosseous arteriovenous malformations in jaws: a 15-year experience of single centre. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):12046."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib3","series-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg","first-page":"203","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformations","volume":"23","author":"Uller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uller WAlomari AIRichter GT.Arteriovenous malformations. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014;23(4):203-207."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"591","article-title":"The rare case of a large complex intraosseous cranial arteriovenous malformation with successful multidisciplinary management","volume":"20","author":"Al-Smadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Smadi AShokuhfar TJohnston AAlden TDBowman RShaibani A.The rare case of a large complex intraosseous cranial arteriovenous malformation with successful multidisciplinary management. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017;20(6):591-597."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"111458","article-title":"Intraosseous resection of mandibular arteriovenous malformations: a mandible sparing multi-disciplinary case series","volume":"167","author":"Ferguson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferguson KWong KDeHart ANRichter G.Intraosseous resection of mandibular arteriovenous malformations: a mandible sparing multi-disciplinary case series. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;167:111458."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"255.e1","article-title":"Oral surgical procedures performed safely in patients with head and neck arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective case series of 12 patients","volume":"74","author":"Karim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karim ABLindsey SBovino BBerenstein A.Oral surgical procedures performed safely in patients with head and neck arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective case series of 12 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(2):255.e1-255.e8."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1695","article-title":"Embolization as the primary treatment for mandibular arteriovenous malformations: an analysis of 50 literature reports and of an illustrative case","volume":"76","author":"Monteiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Monteiro JLGCde Arruda JAAFigueiredo Leal JLBatista LLC\u00e9lia de Aguiar Soares Carneiro Sdo Egito Vasconcelos BC.Embolization as the primary treatment for mandibular arteriovenous malformations: an analysis of 50 literature reports and of an illustrative case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;76(8):1695-1707."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"198","article-title":"Head and neck arteriovenous malformations: results of ethanol sclerotherapy","volume":"34","author":"Pekkola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pekkola JLappalainen KVuola PKlockars TSalminen PPitk\u00e4ranta A.Head and neck arteriovenous malformations: results of ethanol sclerotherapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34(1):198-204."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib9","series-title":"PLOS One","first-page":"e0273018","article-title":"Interventional embolization combined with surgical resection for treatment of extracranial AVM of the head and neck: a monocentric retrospective analysis","volume":"17","author":"Lilje","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lilje DWiesmann MHasan DRidwan HH\u00f6lzle FNikoubashman O.Interventional embolization combined with surgical resection for treatment of extracranial AVM of the head and neck: a monocentric retrospective analysis. PLOS One. 2022;17(9):e0273018."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Large intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of the maxilla\u2014a case report with review of literature","volume":"52","author":"Kacker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kacker AHeier LJones J.Large intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of the maxilla\u2014a case report with review of literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;52(1):89-92."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"916","article-title":"Management of high-flow arteriovenous malformation in the maxillofacial region","volume":"21","author":"Deng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deng WHuang DChen SManagement of high-flow arteriovenous malformation in the maxillofacial region. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21(3):916-919."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib12","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Salvage treatment of hemorrhagic arteriovenous malformations in jaws","volume":"43","author":"Su","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su LWang DHan YWang ZFan X.Salvage treatment of hemorrhagic arteriovenous malformations in jaws. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(7):1082-1087."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib13","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Ethanol embolization of arteriovenous malformations of the mandible","volume":"30","author":"Fan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fan XDSu LXZheng JWZheng LZZhang ZY.Ethanol embolization of arteriovenous malformations of the mandible. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(6):1178-1183."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"J Clin Exp Dent","first-page":"189","article-title":",","author":"Cariati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cariati PMar\u00edn-Fern\u00e1ndez ABJulia-Mart\u00ednez M\u00c1P\u00e9rez-De Perceval-Tara M,S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez D,Mart\u00ednez-Lara I. Endovascular treatment of an intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of the mandible in a child. A case report. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017:189-191."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"130","article-title":"Extensive bilateral arteriovenous malformations of the mandible successfully controlled by combined endovascular and transcutaneous angio-embolization: case report and review of the literature","volume":"77","author":"Bergeron","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bergeron MCortes MDolev YH P Nguyen L.Extensive bilateral arteriovenous malformations of the mandible successfully controlled by combined endovascular and transcutaneous angio-embolization: case report and review of the literature. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77(1):130-136."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Ann Vasc Surg","first-page":"152","article-title":"Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations in the extremities managed with coils and absolute ethanol treatment","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang XTSu LXFan XD.Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations in the extremities managed with coils and absolute ethanol treatment. 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