{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:58:30Z","timestamp":1774576710067,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Hemilingual spasm (HLS) is an extremely rare condition that induces persistent paroxysms of unilateral tongue spasms with associated speech impairment and pain. Although neurovascular compression has been implicated in its pathogenesis, case accumulation to date has been very limited, with even fewer instances of successful therapy via microvascular decompression (MVD) described. The authors report the second case of HLS treated with MVD and the first such treatment for HLS attributable to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) compression of the hypoglossal nerve rootlets.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n A 62-year-old woman presented with approximately 15 years of severe, persistent, and painful right tongue spasms and fasciculations. Numerous medical, psychiatric, and interventional treatments had failed to provide relief. MRI revealed likely neurovascular compromise of the right hypoglossal rootlets by the ipsilateral PICA, and MVD was recommended. Intraoperative electromyography (EMG) demonstrated pretreatment pulsatile myotonic discharges, which resolved completely after decompression. The patient recovered very well and, as of the 3-month postoperative follow-up, had complete resolution of painful spasms and approximately 70% reduction in the frequency of nonpainful fasciculations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n MVD is a safe and effective treatment for patients with medically refractory HLS. Intraoperative EMG provides valuable insight into successful decompression; however, further investigation is required to validate this finding.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE24869<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case24869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T16:18:20Z","timestamp":1742919500000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hemilingual spasm treated with microvascular decompression of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4444-8930","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Barkyoumb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail A.","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian F.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5314-1067","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Graffeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"205","article-title":"Hemilingual spasm: a new neurosurgical entity? 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Surg Neurol Int. 2017;8:114."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"425","article-title":"Hemiparesis caused by vertebral artery compression of the medulla oblongata. Case report","volume":"62","author":"Kim","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kim PIshijima BTakahashi HShimizu HYokochi M.Hemiparesis caused by vertebral artery compression of the medulla oblongata. Case report. J Neurosurg. 1985;62(3):425-429."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"347","article-title":"Trigeminal neuropathy\u2014new observations","volume":"7","author":"Jannetta","year":"1980","unstructured":"Jannetta PJRobbins LJ.Trigeminal neuropathy\u2014new observations. 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Brain Res. 1998;810(1-2):220-228."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib26","series-title":"Brain Stimul","first-page":"566","article-title":"Long latency responses in tongue muscle elicited by various stimulation sites in anesthetized humans\u2014new insights into tongue-related brainstem reflexes","volume":"15","author":"Szel\u00e9nyi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szel\u00e9nyi AFava E.Long latency responses in tongue muscle elicited by various stimulation sites in anesthetized humans\u2014new insights into tongue-related brainstem reflexes. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(3):566-575."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib27","series-title":"J Comp Neurol","first-page":"215","article-title":"Trigeminal proprioceptive projections to the hypoglossal nucleus and the cervical ventral gray column","volume":"139","author":"Mizuno","year":"1970","unstructured":"Mizuno NSauerland EK.Trigeminal proprioceptive projections to the hypoglossal nucleus and the cervical ventral gray column. J Comp Neurol. 1970;139(2):215-226."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib28","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e25615","article-title":"Nociceptive afferents to the premotor neurons that send axons simultaneously to the facial and hypoglossal motoneurons by means of axon collaterals","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dong YLi JZhang FLi Y.Nociceptive afferents to the premotor neurons that send axons simultaneously to the facial and hypoglossal motoneurons by means of axon collaterals. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25615."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"555","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the transcondylar, supracondylar, and paracondylar extensions of the far-lateral approach","volume":"87","author":"Wen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wen HTRhoton ALJrKatsuta Tde Oliveira E.Microsurgical anatomy of the transcondylar, supracondylar, and paracondylar extensions of the far-lateral approach. 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J Neurosurg. 2002;97(1):205-207."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"192","article-title":"Hemilingual spasm: defining a new entity, its electrophysiological correlates and surgical treatment through microvascular decompression","volume":"67","author":"Osburn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Osburn LLM\u00f8ller ARBhatt JRCohen-Gadol AA.Hemilingual spasm: defining a new entity, its electrophysiological correlates and surgical treatment through microvascular decompression. Neurosurgery. 2010;67(1):192-196."},{"issue":"17","key":"bib3","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1077","article-title":"The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"334","author":"Barker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barker FGJannetta PJBissonette DJLarkins MVJho HD.The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. 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