{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:35:11Z","timestamp":1783643711615,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"26","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipomatosis of the nerve (LN) is a rare peripheral nerve pathology characterized by abundant proliferation of fat within the epineurium giving it pathognomonic features on MRI. Any nerve may be affected, but major nerves such as the median and sciatic nerves are most reported. One of the clinical hallmarks of LN is associated bony and soft tissue overgrowth occurring distal to the nerve lesion. While macrodactyly and limb length overgrowth are well known in LN, this study aims to look at nerve territory bony overgrowth affecting the knee.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An initial search revealed 59 cases of LN in the Mayo Clinic system. Of 19 patients with LN of the lower limbs, 12 cases involved nerves in the pelvis, buttock, or thigh. Three cases fulfilled the criteria (LN of lower extremity with available MR images and knee radiographs) that affected the femoral, sciatic, and combined femoral\/sciatic nerves. Knee radiographs revealed bony overgrowth in the respective nerve territories in each case: anterior, posterior, and both anterior and posterior portions of the knee.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These illustrative cases of LN with overgrowth of the knee demonstrate that bone overgrowth follows the territory of the associated nerve in LN, which supports the previously published evidence on LN-associated nerve territory overgrowth.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25132\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25132<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T02:53:13Z","timestamp":1751856793000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lipomatosis of nerve and osseous nerve territory overgrowth patterns affecting knee: illustrative cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tomas","family":"Marek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6759-3918","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barbara","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1286","article-title":"Strengthening the association of lipomatosis of nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth: a systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Marek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marek TSpinner RJSyal AMahan MA.Strengthening the association of lipomatosis of nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth: a systematic review. J Neurosurg. 2020;132(4):1286-1294."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"260","article-title":"Fibrolipomatous hamartoma: pathognomonic on MR imaging","volume":"28","author":"Marom","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marom EMHelms CA.Fibrolipomatous hamartoma: pathognomonic on MR imaging. Skelet Radiol. 1999;28(5):260-264."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"835","article-title":"What\u2019s known and what's new in adipose lesions of peripheral nerves?","volume":"163","author":"Marek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marek TMahan MACarter JMWhat\u2019s known and what's new in adipose lesions of peripheral nerves? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(3):835-842."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1286","article-title":"Strengthening the association of lipomatosis of nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth: a systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Marek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marek TSpinner RJSyal AMahan MA.Strengthening the association of lipomatosis of nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth: a systematic review. J Neurosurg. 2020;132(4):1286-1294."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"287","article-title":"PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS): diagnostic and testing eligibility criteria, differential diagnosis, and evaluation","volume":"167A","author":"Keppler-Noreuil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keppler-Noreuil KMRios JJParker VERPIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS): diagnostic and testing eligibility criteria, differential diagnosis, and evaluation. Am J Med Genet A. 2015;167A(2):287-295."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib6","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"420","article-title":"PIK3CA mutations in lipomatosis of nerve with or without nerve territory overgrowth","volume":"33","author":"Blackburn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blackburn PRMilosevic DMarek TPIK3CA mutations in lipomatosis of nerve with or without nerve territory overgrowth. Mod Pathol. 2020;33(3):420-430."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib7","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Unrecognized lipomatosis of the femoral nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth","volume":"31","author":"Marek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marek THowe BMAmrami KKTaunton MJSpinner RJ.Unrecognized lipomatosis of the femoral nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth. Clin Anat. 2018;31(8):1210-1214."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil","first-page":"e13917","article-title":"Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve: early-onset colonic diverticular disease","volume":"32","author":"Marek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marek TMahan MAAmrami KKExpanding the phenotypic spectrum of lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve: early-onset colonic diverticular disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020;32(10):e13917."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"934","article-title":"Sciatic nerve lipomatosis and knee osteochondroma","volume":"119","author":"Mahan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mahan MAAmrami KKSpinner RJ.Sciatic nerve lipomatosis and knee osteochondroma. J Neurosurg. 2013;119(4):934."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","series-title":"AIMDR","article-title":"Macrodystrophia lipomatosa\u2014a rare congenital anomaly: a case report and review of literature","volume":"2","author":"Tripathi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tripathi SKNanda SNKumar SAgrawal NKShiraz SMKeshav K.Macrodystrophia lipomatosa\u2014a rare congenital anomaly: a case report and review of literature. AIMDR. 2016;2(5)."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"671","article-title":"Paraxial macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the medial right lower limb","volume":"11","author":"Viola","year":"1991","unstructured":"Viola RWKahn APottenger LA.Paraxial macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the medial right lower limb. J Pediatr Orthop. September-1991;11(5):671-675."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"587","article-title":"Surgical treatment of lipomatosis of nerve: a systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Marek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marek TSpinner RJSyal AWahood WMahan MA.Surgical treatment of lipomatosis of nerve: a systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2019;128:587-592.e2."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"148","article-title":"Lipomatosis of nerve: more than a focal distal disease","volume":"142","author":"Wehrli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wehrli LSaheb-Al-Zamani MKhanna MLax MJAnastakis DJ.Lipomatosis of nerve: more than a focal distal disease. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;142(1):148-151."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis","first-page":"660","article-title":"Referred pain from skeletal structures","volume":"99","author":"Inman","year":"1944","unstructured":"Inman VTSaunders JBdCM.Referred pain from skeletal structures. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1944;99(5):660-667."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Obturator mononeuropathy caused by lipomatosis of the nerve: a case report","volume":"38","author":"Nardone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nardone RVenturi ALadurner GGolaszewski SPsenner KTezzon F.Obturator mononeuropathy caused by lipomatosis of the nerve: a case report. Muscle Nerve. 2008;38(2):1046-1048."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"BJR Case Rep","first-page":"20210153","article-title":"Proteus syndrome with sciatic nerve fibrolipomatous hamartoma: an uncommon finding in a rare disease: report of two cases with literature review","volume":"8","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ibrahim D.Proteus syndrome with sciatic nerve fibrolipomatous hamartoma: an uncommon finding in a rare disease: report of two cases with literature review. BJR Case Rep. 2022;8(2):20210153."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome due to fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. A case report","volume":"91","author":"Matsubara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matsubara MTanikawa HMogami YShibata SUchiyama SKato H.Carpal tunnel syndrome due to fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(5):1223-1227."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"F1000Res","first-page":"2050","article-title":"Case Report: occupational therapy in a patient with an overgrowth syndrome that restricts movement","volume":"8","author":"Coppeta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coppeta LGentili SPapa FDe Zordo LMMugnaini SPietroiusti A.Case Report: occupational therapy in a patient with an overgrowth syndrome that restricts movement. F1000Res. 2019;8:2050."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"e138","article-title":"Orthopaedic management of leg-length discrepancy in Proteus syndrome: a case series","volume":"38","author":"Crenshaw","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crenshaw MMGoerlich CGIvey LEOrthopaedic management of leg-length discrepancy in Proteus syndrome: a case series. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38(3):e138-e144."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Bone Rep","first-page":"104","article-title":"Orthopaedic manifestations of Proteus syndrome in a child with literature update","volume":"3","author":"El-Sobky","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-Sobky TAElsayed SMEl Mikkawy DME.Orthopaedic manifestations of Proteus syndrome in a child with literature update. Bone Rep. 2015;3:104-108."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE23609","article-title":"Unrecognized sciatic lipomatosis of the nerve diagnosed by telehealth: illustrative case","volume":"7","author":"Marek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marek TSpinner NDSpinner RJ.Unrecognized sciatic lipomatosis of the nerve diagnosed by telehealth: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2024;7(3):CASE23609."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib22","series-title":"Microsurgery","first-page":"e70077","article-title":"Lipomatosis of nerve misdiagnosed as primary lymphedema: report of two cases.","volume":"45","author":"Maldonado","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maldonado AAMarek THowe BMSpinner RJ.Lipomatosis of nerve misdiagnosed as primary lymphedema: report of two cases. Microsurgery. 2025;45(5):e70077."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib23","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"567","article-title":"Neuromuscular choristoma: characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings and association with post-biopsy fibromatosis","volume":"42","author":"Niederhauser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niederhauser BDSpinner RJJentoft MEEverist BMMatsumoto JMAmrami KK.Neuromuscular choristoma: characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings and association with post-biopsy fibromatosis. Skelet Radiol. 2013;42(4):567-577."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib24","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Neuromuscular choristoma of the sciatic nerve and lumbosacral plexus: an association with nerve-territory undergrowth in the pelvis affecting soft tissue and bone","volume":"156","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar RHowe BMAmrami KKSpinner RJ.Neuromuscular choristoma of the sciatic nerve and lumbosacral plexus: an association with nerve-territory undergrowth in the pelvis affecting soft tissue and bone. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2014;156(5):1041-1046."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib25","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"1751","article-title":"Lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee CHWu JSGoldsmith JDKung JW.Lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor. Skelet Radiol. 2013;42(12):1751-1754."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"131","article-title":"Reply to the letter to the editor: in response to \u201clipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee CHWu JSGoldsmith JDKung JW.Reply to the letter to the editor: in response to \u201clipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor.\u201d Skelet Radiol. 2014;43(2):131-132."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib27","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"129","article-title":"In response to \u201clipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor","volume":"43","author":"Niederhauser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niederhauser BDSpinner RJHowe BMAmrami KK.In response to \u201clipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor.\u201d Skelet Radiol. 2014;43(2):129."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib28","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"956","article-title":"The evidence for the spinal segmental innervation of bone","volume":"20","author":"Ivanusic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ivanusic JJ.The evidence for the spinal segmental innervation of bone. Clin Anat. 2007;20(8):956-960."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"9","article-title":"Longitudinal limb deficiencies and the sclerotomes: an analysis of 378 dysmelic malformations induced by thalidomide","volume":"81","author":"McCredie","year":"1999","unstructured":"McCredie JWillert HG.Longitudinal limb deficiencies and the sclerotomes: an analysis of 378 dysmelic malformations induced by thalidomide. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81(1):9-23."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1286","article-title":"Strengthening the association of lipomatosis of nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth: a systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Marek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marek TSpinner RJSyal AMahan MA.Strengthening the association of lipomatosis of nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth: a systematic review. J Neurosurg. 2020;132(4):1286-1294."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"260","article-title":"Fibrolipomatous hamartoma: pathognomonic on MR imaging","volume":"28","author":"Marom","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marom EMHelms CA.Fibrolipomatous hamartoma: pathognomonic on MR imaging. Skelet Radiol. 1999;28(5):260-264."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"835","article-title":"What\u2019s known and what's new in adipose lesions of peripheral nerves?","volume":"163","author":"Marek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marek TMahan MACarter JMWhat\u2019s known and what's new in adipose lesions of peripheral nerves? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(3):835-842."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1286","article-title":"Strengthening the association of lipomatosis of nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth: a systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Marek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marek TSpinner RJSyal AMahan MA.Strengthening the association of lipomatosis of nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth: a systematic review. J Neurosurg. 2020;132(4):1286-1294."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib5","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"287","article-title":"PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS): diagnostic and testing eligibility criteria, differential diagnosis, and evaluation","volume":"167A","author":"Keppler-Noreuil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keppler-Noreuil KMRios JJParker VERPIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS): diagnostic and testing eligibility criteria, differential diagnosis, and evaluation. Am J Med Genet A. 2015;167A(2):287-295."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib6","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"420","article-title":"PIK3CA mutations in lipomatosis of nerve with or without nerve territory overgrowth","volume":"33","author":"Blackburn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blackburn PRMilosevic DMarek TPIK3CA mutations in lipomatosis of nerve with or without nerve territory overgrowth. Mod Pathol. 2020;33(3):420-430."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib7","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Unrecognized lipomatosis of the femoral nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth","volume":"31","author":"Marek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marek THowe BMAmrami KKTaunton MJSpinner RJ.Unrecognized lipomatosis of the femoral nerve and nerve-territory overgrowth. Clin Anat. 2018;31(8):1210-1214."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib8","series-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil","first-page":"e13917","article-title":"Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve: early-onset colonic diverticular disease","volume":"32","author":"Marek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marek TMahan MAAmrami KKExpanding the phenotypic spectrum of lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve: early-onset colonic diverticular disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020;32(10):e13917."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"934","article-title":"Sciatic nerve lipomatosis and knee osteochondroma","volume":"119","author":"Mahan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mahan MAAmrami KKSpinner RJ.Sciatic nerve lipomatosis and knee osteochondroma. J Neurosurg. 2013;119(4):934."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","series-title":"AIMDR","article-title":"Macrodystrophia lipomatosa\u2014a rare congenital anomaly: a case report and review of literature","volume":"2","author":"Tripathi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tripathi SKNanda SNKumar SAgrawal NKShiraz SMKeshav K.Macrodystrophia lipomatosa\u2014a rare congenital anomaly: a case report and review of literature. AIMDR. 2016;2(5)."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"671","article-title":"Paraxial macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the medial right lower limb","volume":"11","author":"Viola","year":"1991","unstructured":"Viola RWKahn APottenger LA.Paraxial macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the medial right lower limb. J Pediatr Orthop. September-1991;11(5):671-675."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"587","article-title":"Surgical treatment of lipomatosis of nerve: a systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Marek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marek TSpinner RJSyal AWahood WMahan MA.Surgical treatment of lipomatosis of nerve: a systematic review. World Neurosurg. 2019;128:587-592.e2."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"148","article-title":"Lipomatosis of nerve: more than a focal distal disease","volume":"142","author":"Wehrli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wehrli LSaheb-Al-Zamani MKhanna MLax MJAnastakis DJ.Lipomatosis of nerve: more than a focal distal disease. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;142(1):148-151."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis","first-page":"660","article-title":"Referred pain from skeletal structures","volume":"99","author":"Inman","year":"1944","unstructured":"Inman VTSaunders JBdCM.Referred pain from skeletal structures. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1944;99(5):660-667."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Obturator mononeuropathy caused by lipomatosis of the nerve: a case report","volume":"38","author":"Nardone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nardone RVenturi ALadurner GGolaszewski SPsenner KTezzon F.Obturator mononeuropathy caused by lipomatosis of the nerve: a case report. Muscle Nerve. 2008;38(2):1046-1048."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"BJR Case Rep","first-page":"20210153","article-title":"Proteus syndrome with sciatic nerve fibrolipomatous hamartoma: an uncommon finding in a rare disease: report of two cases with literature review","volume":"8","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ibrahim D.Proteus syndrome with sciatic nerve fibrolipomatous hamartoma: an uncommon finding in a rare disease: report of two cases with literature review. BJR Case Rep. 2022;8(2):20210153."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome due to fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. A case report","volume":"91","author":"Matsubara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matsubara MTanikawa HMogami YShibata SUchiyama SKato H.Carpal tunnel syndrome due to fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(5):1223-1227."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"F1000Res","first-page":"2050","article-title":"Case Report: occupational therapy in a patient with an overgrowth syndrome that restricts movement","volume":"8","author":"Coppeta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coppeta LGentili SPapa FDe Zordo LMMugnaini SPietroiusti A.Case Report: occupational therapy in a patient with an overgrowth syndrome that restricts movement. F1000Res. 2019;8:2050."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"e138","article-title":"Orthopaedic management of leg-length discrepancy in Proteus syndrome: a case series","volume":"38","author":"Crenshaw","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crenshaw MMGoerlich CGIvey LEOrthopaedic management of leg-length discrepancy in Proteus syndrome: a case series. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38(3):e138-e144."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Bone Rep","first-page":"104","article-title":"Orthopaedic manifestations of Proteus syndrome in a child with literature update","volume":"3","author":"El-Sobky","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-Sobky TAElsayed SMEl Mikkawy DME.Orthopaedic manifestations of Proteus syndrome in a child with literature update. Bone Rep. 2015;3:104-108."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib21","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE23609","article-title":"Unrecognized sciatic lipomatosis of the nerve diagnosed by telehealth: illustrative case","volume":"7","author":"Marek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marek TSpinner NDSpinner RJ.Unrecognized sciatic lipomatosis of the nerve diagnosed by telehealth: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2024;7(3):CASE23609."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib22","series-title":"Microsurgery","first-page":"e70077","article-title":"Lipomatosis of nerve misdiagnosed as primary lymphedema: report of two cases.","volume":"45","author":"Maldonado","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maldonado AAMarek THowe BMSpinner RJ.Lipomatosis of nerve misdiagnosed as primary lymphedema: report of two cases. Microsurgery. 2025;45(5):e70077."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib23","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"567","article-title":"Neuromuscular choristoma: characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings and association with post-biopsy fibromatosis","volume":"42","author":"Niederhauser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niederhauser BDSpinner RJJentoft MEEverist BMMatsumoto JMAmrami KK.Neuromuscular choristoma: characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings and association with post-biopsy fibromatosis. Skelet Radiol. 2013;42(4):567-577."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib24","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Neuromuscular choristoma of the sciatic nerve and lumbosacral plexus: an association with nerve-territory undergrowth in the pelvis affecting soft tissue and bone","volume":"156","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar RHowe BMAmrami KKSpinner RJ.Neuromuscular choristoma of the sciatic nerve and lumbosacral plexus: an association with nerve-territory undergrowth in the pelvis affecting soft tissue and bone. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2014;156(5):1041-1046."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib25","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"1751","article-title":"Lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee CHWu JSGoldsmith JDKung JW.Lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor. Skelet Radiol. 2013;42(12):1751-1754."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"131","article-title":"Reply to the letter to the editor: in response to \u201clipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee CHWu JSGoldsmith JDKung JW.Reply to the letter to the editor: in response to \u201clipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor.\u201d Skelet Radiol. 2014;43(2):131-132."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib27","series-title":"Skelet Radiol","first-page":"129","article-title":"In response to \u201clipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor","volume":"43","author":"Niederhauser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niederhauser BDSpinner RJHowe BMAmrami KK.In response to \u201clipomatosis of the sciatic nerve secondary to compression by a desmoid tumor.\u201d Skelet Radiol. 2014;43(2):129."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib28","series-title":"Clin Anat","first-page":"956","article-title":"The evidence for the spinal segmental innervation of bone","volume":"20","author":"Ivanusic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ivanusic JJ.The evidence for the spinal segmental innervation of bone. Clin Anat. 2007;20(8):956-960."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"9","article-title":"Longitudinal limb deficiencies and the sclerotomes: an analysis of 378 dysmelic malformations induced by thalidomide","volume":"81","author":"McCredie","year":"1999","unstructured":"McCredie JWillert HG.Longitudinal limb deficiencies and the sclerotomes: an analysis of 378 dysmelic malformations induced by thalidomide. 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