{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T17:37:21Z","timestamp":1785605841201,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Transorbital penetrating objects traversing the cavernous sinus can cause life-threatening vascular injuries. Here, the authors report a unique case of bilateral transorbital penetrating plastic chopsticks traversing the cavernous sinus, in which a lateral suboccipital approach was used to manage bleeding from the posterior wall of the cavernous sinus.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n A 39-year-old man attempted suicide by stabbing plastic chopsticks through his orbits into the intracranial compartment. On admission, he had lost vision and exhibited complete ophthalmoplegia. A CT scan revealed chopsticks penetrating through the superior orbital fissure and cavernous sinus, extending toward the brainstem. Catheter angiography confirmed that the internal carotid arteries were compressed, but no arterial injuries were evident. A lateral suboccipital approach was selected for both sides. After careful extraction along their trajectory from the orbit, homeostasis was achieved by applying a cellulose hemostatic agent to compress the posterior wall of the cavernous sinus. After the surgery, the patient regained some light perception and was discharged without signs of infection or delayed vascular injuries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n The safe removal of transorbital penetrating objects that involve the cavernous sinus can be effectively accomplished by a lateral suboccipital approach, which provides a clear surgical field and facilitates accurate homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n \n https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25154<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:11:24Z","timestamp":1769685084000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A lateral suboccipital approach for hemostasis in removing transorbital, transcavernous penetrating chopsticks: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kusaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1099-303X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"},{"name":"NASVA Tohoku Medical Center, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichiro","family":"Osawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiteru","family":"Shimoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Sonobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Karibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"53","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating injury: case series, review of the literature, and proposed management algorithm","volume":"114","author":"Schreckinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schreckinger MOrringer DThompson BGLa Marca FSagher O.Transorbital penetrating injury: case series, review of the literature, and proposed management algorithm. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(1):53-61."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Surv Ophthalmol","first-page":"449","article-title":"Patterns of transorbital intracranial injury: a review and comparison of occult and non-occult cases","volume":"51","author":"Turbin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turbin REMaxwell DNLanger PDPatterns of transorbital intracranial injury: a review and comparison of occult and non-occult cases. Surv Ophthalmol. 2006;51(5):449-460."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"937","article-title":"Orbito-cranial injuries caused by penetrating non-missile foreign bodies. Experience with eighteen patients","volume":"148","author":"Chibbaro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chibbaro STacconi L.Orbito-cranial injuries caused by penetrating non-missile foreign bodies. Experience with eighteen patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006;148(9):937-942."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"26","article-title":"Orbitocranial low-velocity penetrating injury: a personal experience, case series, review of the literature, and proposed management plan","volume":"87","author":"Mzimbiri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mzimbiri JMLi JBajawi MALan SChen FLiu J.Orbitocranial low-velocity penetrating injury: a personal experience, case series, review of the literature, and proposed management plan. World Neurosurg. 2016;87:26-34."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"Skull Base Rep","first-page":"39","article-title":"Management of nonmissile penetrating brain injuries: a description of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Sweeney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sweeney JMLebovitz JJEller JLCoppens JRBucholz RDAbdulrauf SI.Management of nonmissile penetrating brain injuries: a description of three cases and review of the literature. Skull Base Rep. 2011;1(1):39-46."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"873.e9","article-title":"Nonmissile penetrating head injuries: surgical management and review of the literature","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li XSYan JLiu CNonmissile penetrating head injuries: surgical management and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2017;98:873.e9-873.e25."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Chin Med Assoc","first-page":"36","article-title":"Management of transorbital brain injury","volume":"70","author":"Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin HLLee HCCho DY.Management of transorbital brain injury. J Chin Med Assoc. 2007;70(1):36-38."},{"issue":"7-8","key":"bib8","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"951","article-title":"The surgical management of a penetrating orbitocranial injury with a bakelite foreign body reaching the brain stem","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu FLi JSun SThe surgical management of a penetrating orbitocranial injury with a bakelite foreign body reaching the brain stem. Brain Inj. 2013;27(7-8):951-956."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"555","article-title":"Household objects as a cause of self-inflicted orbital apex syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Lasky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lasky JBEpley KDKaresh JW.Household objects as a cause of self-inflicted orbital apex syndrome. J Trauma. 1997;42(3):555-558."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"905","article-title":"Penetrating stab wounds to the brain: the timing of angiography in patients presenting with the weapon already removed","volume":"31","author":"du Trevou","year":"1992","unstructured":"du Trevou MDvan Dellen JR.Penetrating stab wounds to the brain: the timing of angiography in patients presenting with the weapon already removed. Neurosurgery. 1992;31(5):905-912."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"513.e15","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating intracranial injury with an umbrella wire causing cavernous internal carotid artery injury and thrombosis","volume":"86","author":"Mahalangikar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahalangikar RKumar ASharma BS.Transorbital penetrating intracranial injury with an umbrella wire causing cavernous internal carotid artery injury and thrombosis. World Neurosurg. 2016;86:513.e15-513.e18."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"72","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of an orbitocranial penetrating injury by a pencil in a paediatric patient\u2014a case report","volume":"12","author":"Tewfik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tewfik KCovelli CRossini MPeta CBurlini D.Multidisciplinary management of an orbitocranial penetrating injury by a pencil in a paediatric patient\u2014a case report. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2022;12(1):72-75."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"105838","article-title":"Successful endoluminal reconstruction of a pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery following a transorbital stab injury","volume":"194","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghorbani MWipplinger CGriessenauer CJShojaei HAbdolhoseinpour H.Successful endoluminal reconstruction of a pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery following a transorbital stab injury. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;194:105838."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Temporary balloon occlusion of the cavernous carotid artery for removal of an orbital and intracranial foreign body: case report","volume":"55","author":"Cunningham","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cunningham EJAlbani BMasaryk TJRasmussen PA.Temporary balloon occlusion of the cavernous carotid artery for removal of an orbital and intracranial foreign body: case report. Neurosurgery. 2004;55(5):1225."},{"issue":"19","key":"bib15","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e0706","article-title":"Complications in transorbital penetrating injury by bamboo branch: a case report","volume":"97","author":"Feng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng LHe XChen JNi SJiang BHua JM.Complications in transorbital penetrating injury by bamboo branch: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(19):e0706."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"2188","article-title":"Management of carotid lacerations with carotid-cavernous fistula due to transorbital penetrating brainstem injury by chopsticks","volume":"70","author":"Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo MTWu CYang CH.Management of carotid lacerations with carotid-cavernous fistula due to transorbital penetrating brainstem injury by chopsticks. Neurol India. 2022;70(5):2188-2191."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"303","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in penetrating traumatic brain injury: analysis of a single-center series and systematic review of the literature","volume":"165","author":"Ganga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ganga ALeary OPSastry RAAntibiotic prophylaxis in penetrating traumatic brain injury: analysis of a single-center series and systematic review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2023;165(2):303-313."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg","first-page":"61","article-title":"Infection after penetrating brain injury\u2014an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study oral presentation at the 32nd annual meeting of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, January 15-19, 2019, in Austin, Texas","volume":"87","author":"Harmon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harmon LAHaase DJKufera JAInfection after penetrating brain injury\u2014an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study oral presentation at the 32nd annual meeting of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, January 15-19, 2019, in Austin, Texas. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;87(1):61-67."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"144","article-title":"Orbital assault with a pencil: evaluating vascular injury","volume":"173","author":"Tenenholz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tenenholz TBaxter ABMcKhann GM.Orbital assault with a pencil: evaluating vascular injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173(1):144."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Front Surg","first-page":"533567","article-title":"Minimally invasive subtemporal intradural approach for penetrating orbitocranial injury by Wooden foreign body into the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus","volume":"7","author":"Avraham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Avraham ESmolikov ASmolyakov RMinimally invasive subtemporal intradural approach for penetrating orbitocranial injury by Wooden foreign body into the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Front Surg. 2020;7:533567."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21","series-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci","first-page":"179","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating head injury by a wooden chopstick in the cavernous sinus: a case report and literature review","volume":"85","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamazaki DOgihara NYako TTransorbital penetrating head injury by a wooden chopstick in the cavernous sinus: a case report and literature review. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2023;85(1):179-184."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg","first-page":"100959","article-title":"Post-traumatic retained foreign body in the cavernous sinus","volume":"23","author":"Hermann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hermann ALLecler A.Post-traumatic retained foreign body in the cavernous sinus. Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2021;23:100959."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib23","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating cerebral injury caused by a wooden stick: surgical nuances for removal of a foreign body lodged in cavernous sinus","volume":"30","author":"Borkar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borkar SAGarg KGarg MSharma BS.Transorbital penetrating cerebral injury caused by a wooden stick: surgical nuances for removal of a foreign body lodged in cavernous sinus. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30(8):1441-1444."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"53","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating injury: case series, review of the literature, and proposed management algorithm","volume":"114","author":"Schreckinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schreckinger MOrringer DThompson BGLa Marca FSagher O.Transorbital penetrating injury: case series, review of the literature, and proposed management algorithm. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(1):53-61."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Surv Ophthalmol","first-page":"449","article-title":"Patterns of transorbital intracranial injury: a review and comparison of occult and non-occult cases","volume":"51","author":"Turbin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turbin REMaxwell DNLanger PDPatterns of transorbital intracranial injury: a review and comparison of occult and non-occult cases. Surv Ophthalmol. 2006;51(5):449-460."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib3","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"937","article-title":"Orbito-cranial injuries caused by penetrating non-missile foreign bodies. Experience with eighteen patients","volume":"148","author":"Chibbaro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chibbaro STacconi L.Orbito-cranial injuries caused by penetrating non-missile foreign bodies. Experience with eighteen patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006;148(9):937-942."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"26","article-title":"Orbitocranial low-velocity penetrating injury: a personal experience, case series, review of the literature, and proposed management plan","volume":"87","author":"Mzimbiri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mzimbiri JMLi JBajawi MALan SChen FLiu J.Orbitocranial low-velocity penetrating injury: a personal experience, case series, review of the literature, and proposed management plan. World Neurosurg. 2016;87:26-34."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"Skull Base Rep","first-page":"39","article-title":"Management of nonmissile penetrating brain injuries: a description of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Sweeney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sweeney JMLebovitz JJEller JLCoppens JRBucholz RDAbdulrauf SI.Management of nonmissile penetrating brain injuries: a description of three cases and review of the literature. Skull Base Rep. 2011;1(1):39-46."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"873.e9","article-title":"Nonmissile penetrating head injuries: surgical management and review of the literature","volume":"98","author":"Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li XSYan JLiu CNonmissile penetrating head injuries: surgical management and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. 2017;98:873.e9-873.e25."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Chin Med Assoc","first-page":"36","article-title":"Management of transorbital brain injury","volume":"70","author":"Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin HLLee HCCho DY.Management of transorbital brain injury. J Chin Med Assoc. 2007;70(1):36-38."},{"issue":"7-8","key":"bib8","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"951","article-title":"The surgical management of a penetrating orbitocranial injury with a bakelite foreign body reaching the brain stem","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu FLi JSun SThe surgical management of a penetrating orbitocranial injury with a bakelite foreign body reaching the brain stem. Brain Inj. 2013;27(7-8):951-956."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"555","article-title":"Household objects as a cause of self-inflicted orbital apex syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Lasky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lasky JBEpley KDKaresh JW.Household objects as a cause of self-inflicted orbital apex syndrome. J Trauma. 1997;42(3):555-558."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"905","article-title":"Penetrating stab wounds to the brain: the timing of angiography in patients presenting with the weapon already removed","volume":"31","author":"du Trevou","year":"1992","unstructured":"du Trevou MDvan Dellen JR.Penetrating stab wounds to the brain: the timing of angiography in patients presenting with the weapon already removed. Neurosurgery. 1992;31(5):905-912."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"513.e15","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating intracranial injury with an umbrella wire causing cavernous internal carotid artery injury and thrombosis","volume":"86","author":"Mahalangikar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahalangikar RKumar ASharma BS.Transorbital penetrating intracranial injury with an umbrella wire causing cavernous internal carotid artery injury and thrombosis. World Neurosurg. 2016;86:513.e15-513.e18."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"72","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of an orbitocranial penetrating injury by a pencil in a paediatric patient\u2014a case report","volume":"12","author":"Tewfik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tewfik KCovelli CRossini MPeta CBurlini D.Multidisciplinary management of an orbitocranial penetrating injury by a pencil in a paediatric patient\u2014a case report. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2022;12(1):72-75."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"105838","article-title":"Successful endoluminal reconstruction of a pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery following a transorbital stab injury","volume":"194","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghorbani MWipplinger CGriessenauer CJShojaei HAbdolhoseinpour H.Successful endoluminal reconstruction of a pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery following a transorbital stab injury. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;194:105838."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Temporary balloon occlusion of the cavernous carotid artery for removal of an orbital and intracranial foreign body: case report","volume":"55","author":"Cunningham","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cunningham EJAlbani BMasaryk TJRasmussen PA.Temporary balloon occlusion of the cavernous carotid artery for removal of an orbital and intracranial foreign body: case report. Neurosurgery. 2004;55(5):1225."},{"issue":"19","key":"bib15","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e0706","article-title":"Complications in transorbital penetrating injury by bamboo branch: a case report","volume":"97","author":"Feng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng LHe XChen JNi SJiang BHua JM.Complications in transorbital penetrating injury by bamboo branch: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(19):e0706."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"2188","article-title":"Management of carotid lacerations with carotid-cavernous fistula due to transorbital penetrating brainstem injury by chopsticks","volume":"70","author":"Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo MTWu CYang CH.Management of carotid lacerations with carotid-cavernous fistula due to transorbital penetrating brainstem injury by chopsticks. Neurol India. 2022;70(5):2188-2191."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"303","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in penetrating traumatic brain injury: analysis of a single-center series and systematic review of the literature","volume":"165","author":"Ganga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ganga ALeary OPSastry RAAntibiotic prophylaxis in penetrating traumatic brain injury: analysis of a single-center series and systematic review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2023;165(2):303-313."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg","first-page":"61","article-title":"Infection after penetrating brain injury\u2014an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study oral presentation at the 32nd annual meeting of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, January 15-19, 2019, in Austin, Texas","volume":"87","author":"Harmon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harmon LAHaase DJKufera JAInfection after penetrating brain injury\u2014an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study oral presentation at the 32nd annual meeting of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, January 15-19, 2019, in Austin, Texas. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;87(1):61-67."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"144","article-title":"Orbital assault with a pencil: evaluating vascular injury","volume":"173","author":"Tenenholz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tenenholz TBaxter ABMcKhann GM.Orbital assault with a pencil: evaluating vascular injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173(1):144."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Front Surg","first-page":"533567","article-title":"Minimally invasive subtemporal intradural approach for penetrating orbitocranial injury by Wooden foreign body into the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus","volume":"7","author":"Avraham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Avraham ESmolikov ASmolyakov RMinimally invasive subtemporal intradural approach for penetrating orbitocranial injury by Wooden foreign body into the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Front Surg. 2020;7:533567."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21","series-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci","first-page":"179","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating head injury by a wooden chopstick in the cavernous sinus: a case report and literature review","volume":"85","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamazaki DOgihara NYako TTransorbital penetrating head injury by a wooden chopstick in the cavernous sinus: a case report and literature review. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2023;85(1):179-184."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg","first-page":"100959","article-title":"Post-traumatic retained foreign body in the cavernous sinus","volume":"23","author":"Hermann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hermann ALLecler A.Post-traumatic retained foreign body in the cavernous sinus. Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2021;23:100959."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib23","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Transorbital penetrating cerebral injury caused by a wooden stick: surgical nuances for removal of a foreign body lodged in cavernous sinus","volume":"30","author":"Borkar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borkar SAGarg KGarg MSharma BS.Transorbital penetrating cerebral injury caused by a wooden stick: surgical nuances for removal of a foreign body lodged in cavernous sinus. 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