{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:29:39Z","timestamp":1770110979040,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cosmet Laser Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common degenerative condition in elderly patients that often requires surgical intervention. Minimally invasive techniques combined with spinal anesthesia (SA) can reduce patient complications and improve outcomes. Here the authors present the case of an elderly patient who underwent minimally invasive surgery, using dual tubular retractors and SA to address severe lumbar stenosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 93-year-old female presented with severe back pain radiating bilaterally to her lower extremities. MRI demonstrated severe central canal stenosis at L4\u20135 and severe left lateral recess stenosis at L5\u2013S1. Under SA, the patient underwent both L4 and L5 laminectomies simultaneously with two surgeons using dual tubular retractors. The patient was ambulatory within 4 hours of surgery with complete symptom resolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SA can be utilized safely during spinal surgery in the geriatric population. The use of dual tubular retractors by two surgeons working simultaneously allows for a safe and efficient decompression of stenosis at multiple levels. Dual tubular retractors can safely be used in conjunction with SA to achieve maximal benefit to the patient and surgical efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2521\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE2521<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case2521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T20:03:33Z","timestamp":1751313813000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Simultaneous two-level minimally invasive lumbar laminectomy performed with dual tubular retractor systems in a 93-year-old under spinal anesthesia: illustrative case"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Parker R.","family":"Buck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhiraj","family":"Jagasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Voyadzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"bib1","series-title":"Pain Med","first-page":"S32","article-title":"A review of lumbar spinal stenosis with intermittent neurogenic claudication: disease and diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"Deer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deer TSayed DMichels JJosephson YLi SCalodney AK.A review of lumbar spinal stenosis with intermittent neurogenic claudication: disease and diagnosis. Pain Med. 2019;20(suppl 2):S32-S44."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1954","article-title":"A comprehensive study of patients with surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication","volume":"84","author":"Yukawa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yukawa YLenke LGTenhula JBridwell KHRiew KDBlanke K.A comprehensive study of patients with surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84(11):1954-1959."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Orthop Nurs","first-page":"318","article-title":"Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis","volume":"37","author":"Overdevest","year":"2018","unstructured":"Overdevest GMJacobs WVleggeert-Lankamp CThom\u00e9 CGunzburg RPeul W.Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis. Orthop Nurs. 2018;37(5):318-319."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E7","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia in awake surgical procedures of the lumbar spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3709 patients","volume":"51","author":"Perez-Roman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perez-Roman RJGovindarajan VBryant J-PWang MY.Spinal anesthesia in awake surgical procedures of the lumbar spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3709 patients. Neurosurg Focus. 2021;51(6):E7."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib5","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Spinal versus general anesthesia for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: implications on operating room time, pain, and ambulation","volume":"51","author":"De Biase","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Biase GGruenbaum SEWest JLSpinal versus general anesthesia for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: implications on operating room time, pain, and ambulation. Neurosurg Focus. 2021;51(6):E3."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e029245","article-title":"Comparison of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in terms of mortality and complications in elderly patients with hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahn EJKim HJKim KWChoi HRKang HBang SR.Comparison of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in terms of mortality and complications in elderly patients with hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(9):e029245."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Res Med Sci","first-page":"524","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia for elective lumbar spine surgery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Attari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Attari MAMirhosseini SAHonarmand ASafavi MR.Spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia for elective lumbar spine surgery: a randomized clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2011;16(4):524-529."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"Curr Geriatr Rep","first-page":"115","article-title":"Anesthesia considerations for the geriatric patient","volume":"6","author":"Edelstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edelstein SBMetry JE.Anesthesia considerations for the geriatric patient. Curr Geriatr Rep. 2017;6(3):115-121."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","first-page":"149","article-title":"Operative risk stratification in the older adult","volume":"95","author":"Scandrett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scandrett KGZuckerbraun BSPeitzman AB.Operative risk stratification in the older adult. Surg Clin North Am. 2015;95(1):149-172."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib10","series-title":"Anesthesiol Clin","first-page":"505","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in the geriatric patient","volume":"33","author":"Schenning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schenning KJDeiner SG.Postoperative delirium in the geriatric patient. Anesthesiol Clin. 2015;33(3):505-516."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Does the microendoscopic technique reduce mortality and major complications in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy? A propensity score\u2013matched analysis using a nationwide administrative database","volume":"40","author":"Ohya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ohya JOshima YChikuda HDoes the microendoscopic technique reduce mortality and major complications in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy? A propensity score\u2013matched analysis using a nationwide administrative database. Neurosurg Focus. 2016;40(2):E5."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","series-title":"Int J Gerontol","first-page":"195","article-title":"Effectiveness of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in geriatric patients","volume":"17","author":"Hsieh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsieh CTSun JMChen YS.Effectiveness of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in geriatric patients. Int J Gerontol. 2023;17(3):195-200."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e7180","article-title":"The role of minimally invasive spinal surgical procedures in the elderly patient: an analysis of 49 patients between 75 and 95 years of age","volume":"12","author":"Warhurst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Warhurst MHartman JGranville MJacobson RE.The role of minimally invasive spinal surgical procedures in the elderly patient: an analysis of 49 patients between 75 and 95 years of age. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7180."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Glob Spine J","first-page":"88S","article-title":"Tandem microscopic slalom technique: the use of 2 microscopes simultaneously performing unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression in multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"10","author":"Wipplinger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wipplinger CKim ELener STandem microscopic slalom technique: the use of 2 microscopes simultaneously performing unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression in multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis. Glob Spine J. 2020;10(2suppl):88S-93S."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","series-title":"Orthop Surg","first-page":"1319","article-title":"Benefits of early ambulation in elderly patients undergoing lumbar decompression and fusion surgery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang JShi ZDuan FFBenefits of early ambulation in elderly patients undergoing lumbar decompression and fusion surgery: a prospective cohort study. Orthop Surg. 2021;13(4):1319-1326."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16","series-title":"BMC Geriatr","first-page":"404","article-title":"Precision implementation of early ambulation in elderly patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized-controlled clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui ZLi NGao CPrecision implementation of early ambulation in elderly patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):404."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg","first-page":"613","article-title":"Early ambulation after general and digestive surgery: a retrospective single-center study","volume":"405","author":"Nishijima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nishijima MBaba HMurotani KEarly ambulation after general and digestive surgery: a retrospective single-center study. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2020;405(5):613-622."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","series-title":"Neurospine","first-page":"733","article-title":"Regional anesthesia for lumbar spine surgery: can it be a standard in the future?","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee J-KPark JHHyun SJHodel DHausmann ON.Regional anesthesia for lumbar spine surgery: can it be a standard in the future? Neurospine. 2021;18(4):733-740."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care","first-page":"25","article-title":"Regional anesthesia and postoperative analgesia techniques for spine surgery\u2014a review","volume":"22","author":"Benyahia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benyahia NMVerster ASaldien VBreebaart MSermeus LVercauteren M.Regional anesthesia and postoperative analgesia techniques for spine surgery\u2014a review. Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015;22(1):25-33."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol","first-page":"109","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia in ambulatory surgery","volume":"37","author":"Schubert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schubert AKWiesmann TWulf HDinges HC.Spinal anesthesia in ambulatory surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2023;37(2):109-121."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Awake spinal surgery: simplifying the learning curve with a patient selection algorithm","volume":"51","author":"Letchuman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Letchuman VAgarwal NMummaneni VPAwake spinal surgery: simplifying the learning curve with a patient selection algorithm. Neurosurg Focus. 2021;51(6):E2."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e110","article-title":"Assessing the safety and efficacy of spinal anesthesia in patients with significant comorbidities","volume":"177","author":"Ahsan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahsan TWang AYKarimi HAssessing the safety and efficacy of spinal anesthesia in patients with significant comorbidities. World Neurosurg. 2023;177:e110-e117."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib23","series-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed)","first-page":"484","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome following combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine for cesarean section","volume":"68","author":"Marinho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marinho SFrias POliveira IMelo Bento CRodrigues FPaiva A.Cauda equina syndrome following combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine for cesarean section. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed). 2021;68(8):484-486."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib24","series-title":"Med (Baltim)","first-page":"e24374","article-title":"Vocal fold paralysis and cauda equina syndrome following spinal-epidural anesthesia: a case report","volume":"100","author":"Xiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiang YWang WJing SZhang ZWang D.Vocal fold paralysis and cauda equina syndrome following spinal-epidural anesthesia: a case report. Med (Baltim). 2021;100(3):e24374."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib25","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e40490","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome secondary to incidental hemorrhagic ependymoma following spinal anesthesia: a case report and comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Samargandi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samargandi RAlesawi ALe Nail LRAbualross O.Cauda equina syndrome secondary to incidental hemorrhagic ependymoma following spinal anesthesia: a case report and comprehensive review. Cureus. 2023;15(6):e40490."},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Local Reg Anesth","first-page":"39","article-title":"Control of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in adults","volume":"13","author":"Ferr\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e9 FMartin CBosch LKurrek MLairez OMinville V.Control of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in adults. Local Reg Anesth. 2020;13:39-46."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib27","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"163","article-title":"Regional anesthesia for spine surgery","volume":"34","author":"Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg BAhuja KKhanna PSharan AD.Regional anesthesia for spine surgery. Clin Spine Surg. 2021;34(5):163-170."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28","series-title":"Turk Neurosurg","first-page":"324","article-title":"Spinal subdural hematoma: a rare complication of spinal anesthesia: a case report","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singh DKChauhan MGupta VChopra SBagaria HR.Spinal subdural hematoma: a rare complication of spinal anesthesia: a case report. Turk Neurosurg. 2008;18(3):324-326."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","series-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol","first-page":"47","article-title":"Subdural hematoma as a late complication of spinal anesthesia","volume":"15","author":"Kelsaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kelsaka ESarihasan BBaris STur A.Subdural hematoma as a late complication of spinal anesthesia. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2003;15(1):47-49."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","series-title":"Rev Bras Anestesiol","first-page":"88","article-title":"Intracranial subdural hematoma: a rare complication following spinal anesthesia: case report","volume":"62","author":"Bisinotto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bisinotto FMDezena RAFabri DCAbud TMCanno LH.Intracranial subdural hematoma: a rare complication following spinal anesthesia: case report. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2012;62(1):88-95."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"bib1","series-title":"Pain Med","first-page":"S32","article-title":"A review of lumbar spinal stenosis with intermittent neurogenic claudication: disease and diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"Deer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deer TSayed DMichels JJosephson YLi SCalodney AK.A review of lumbar spinal stenosis with intermittent neurogenic claudication: disease and diagnosis. Pain Med. 2019;20(suppl 2):S32-S44."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1954","article-title":"A comprehensive study of patients with surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication","volume":"84","author":"Yukawa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yukawa YLenke LGTenhula JBridwell KHRiew KDBlanke K.A comprehensive study of patients with surgically treated lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84(11):1954-1959."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Orthop Nurs","first-page":"318","article-title":"Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis","volume":"37","author":"Overdevest","year":"2018","unstructured":"Overdevest GMJacobs WVleggeert-Lankamp CThom\u00e9 CGunzburg RPeul W.Effectiveness of posterior decompression techniques compared with conventional laminectomy for lumbar stenosis. Orthop Nurs. 2018;37(5):318-319."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E7","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia in awake surgical procedures of the lumbar spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3709 patients","volume":"51","author":"Perez-Roman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perez-Roman RJGovindarajan VBryant J-PWang MY.Spinal anesthesia in awake surgical procedures of the lumbar spine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3709 patients. Neurosurg Focus. 2021;51(6):E7."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib5","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E3","article-title":"Spinal versus general anesthesia for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: implications on operating room time, pain, and ambulation","volume":"51","author":"De Biase","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Biase GGruenbaum SEWest JLSpinal versus general anesthesia for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: implications on operating room time, pain, and ambulation. Neurosurg Focus. 2021;51(6):E3."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e029245","article-title":"Comparison of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in terms of mortality and complications in elderly patients with hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahn EJKim HJKim KWChoi HRKang HBang SR.Comparison of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in terms of mortality and complications in elderly patients with hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(9):e029245."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Res Med Sci","first-page":"524","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia for elective lumbar spine surgery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Attari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Attari MAMirhosseini SAHonarmand ASafavi MR.Spinal anesthesia versus general anesthesia for elective lumbar spine surgery: a randomized clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2011;16(4):524-529."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8","series-title":"Curr Geriatr Rep","first-page":"115","article-title":"Anesthesia considerations for the geriatric patient","volume":"6","author":"Edelstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edelstein SBMetry JE.Anesthesia considerations for the geriatric patient. Curr Geriatr Rep. 2017;6(3):115-121."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","series-title":"Surg Clin North Am","first-page":"149","article-title":"Operative risk stratification in the older adult","volume":"95","author":"Scandrett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scandrett KGZuckerbraun BSPeitzman AB.Operative risk stratification in the older adult. Surg Clin North Am. 2015;95(1):149-172."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib10","series-title":"Anesthesiol Clin","first-page":"505","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in the geriatric patient","volume":"33","author":"Schenning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schenning KJDeiner SG.Postoperative delirium in the geriatric patient. Anesthesiol Clin. 2015;33(3):505-516."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Does the microendoscopic technique reduce mortality and major complications in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy? A propensity score\u2013matched analysis using a nationwide administrative database","volume":"40","author":"Ohya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ohya JOshima YChikuda HDoes the microendoscopic technique reduce mortality and major complications in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy? A propensity score\u2013matched analysis using a nationwide administrative database. Neurosurg Focus. 2016;40(2):E5."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12","series-title":"Int J Gerontol","first-page":"195","article-title":"Effectiveness of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in geriatric patients","volume":"17","author":"Hsieh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsieh CTSun JMChen YS.Effectiveness of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in geriatric patients. Int J Gerontol. 2023;17(3):195-200."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e7180","article-title":"The role of minimally invasive spinal surgical procedures in the elderly patient: an analysis of 49 patients between 75 and 95 years of age","volume":"12","author":"Warhurst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Warhurst MHartman JGranville MJacobson RE.The role of minimally invasive spinal surgical procedures in the elderly patient: an analysis of 49 patients between 75 and 95 years of age. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7180."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib14","series-title":"Glob Spine J","first-page":"88S","article-title":"Tandem microscopic slalom technique: the use of 2 microscopes simultaneously performing unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression in multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"10","author":"Wipplinger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wipplinger CKim ELener STandem microscopic slalom technique: the use of 2 microscopes simultaneously performing unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression in multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis. Glob Spine J. 2020;10(2suppl):88S-93S."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","series-title":"Orthop Surg","first-page":"1319","article-title":"Benefits of early ambulation in elderly patients undergoing lumbar decompression and fusion surgery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang JShi ZDuan FFBenefits of early ambulation in elderly patients undergoing lumbar decompression and fusion surgery: a prospective cohort study. Orthop Surg. 2021;13(4):1319-1326."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16","series-title":"BMC Geriatr","first-page":"404","article-title":"Precision implementation of early ambulation in elderly patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized-controlled clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui ZLi NGao CPrecision implementation of early ambulation in elderly patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):404."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17","series-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg","first-page":"613","article-title":"Early ambulation after general and digestive surgery: a retrospective single-center study","volume":"405","author":"Nishijima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nishijima MBaba HMurotani KEarly ambulation after general and digestive surgery: a retrospective single-center study. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2020;405(5):613-622."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18","series-title":"Neurospine","first-page":"733","article-title":"Regional anesthesia for lumbar spine surgery: can it be a standard in the future?","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee J-KPark JHHyun SJHodel DHausmann ON.Regional anesthesia for lumbar spine surgery: can it be a standard in the future? Neurospine. 2021;18(4):733-740."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care","first-page":"25","article-title":"Regional anesthesia and postoperative analgesia techniques for spine surgery\u2014a review","volume":"22","author":"Benyahia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benyahia NMVerster ASaldien VBreebaart MSermeus LVercauteren M.Regional anesthesia and postoperative analgesia techniques for spine surgery\u2014a review. Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015;22(1):25-33."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol","first-page":"109","article-title":"Spinal anesthesia in ambulatory surgery","volume":"37","author":"Schubert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schubert AKWiesmann TWulf HDinges HC.Spinal anesthesia in ambulatory surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2023;37(2):109-121."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Awake spinal surgery: simplifying the learning curve with a patient selection algorithm","volume":"51","author":"Letchuman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Letchuman VAgarwal NMummaneni VPAwake spinal surgery: simplifying the learning curve with a patient selection algorithm. Neurosurg Focus. 2021;51(6):E2."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e110","article-title":"Assessing the safety and efficacy of spinal anesthesia in patients with significant comorbidities","volume":"177","author":"Ahsan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahsan TWang AYKarimi HAssessing the safety and efficacy of spinal anesthesia in patients with significant comorbidities. World Neurosurg. 2023;177:e110-e117."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib23","series-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed)","first-page":"484","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome following combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine for cesarean section","volume":"68","author":"Marinho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marinho SFrias POliveira IMelo Bento CRodrigues FPaiva A.Cauda equina syndrome following combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine for cesarean section. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed). 2021;68(8):484-486."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib24","series-title":"Med (Baltim)","first-page":"e24374","article-title":"Vocal fold paralysis and cauda equina syndrome following spinal-epidural anesthesia: a case report","volume":"100","author":"Xiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiang YWang WJing SZhang ZWang D.Vocal fold paralysis and cauda equina syndrome following spinal-epidural anesthesia: a case report. Med (Baltim). 2021;100(3):e24374."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib25","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e40490","article-title":"Cauda equina syndrome secondary to incidental hemorrhagic ependymoma following spinal anesthesia: a case report and comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Samargandi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samargandi RAlesawi ALe Nail LRAbualross O.Cauda equina syndrome secondary to incidental hemorrhagic ependymoma following spinal anesthesia: a case report and comprehensive review. Cureus. 2023;15(6):e40490."},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Local Reg Anesth","first-page":"39","article-title":"Control of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in adults","volume":"13","author":"Ferr\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e9 FMartin CBosch LKurrek MLairez OMinville V.Control of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in adults. Local Reg Anesth. 2020;13:39-46."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib27","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"163","article-title":"Regional anesthesia for spine surgery","volume":"34","author":"Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg BAhuja KKhanna PSharan AD.Regional anesthesia for spine surgery. Clin Spine Surg. 2021;34(5):163-170."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28","series-title":"Turk Neurosurg","first-page":"324","article-title":"Spinal subdural hematoma: a rare complication of spinal anesthesia: a case report","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singh DKChauhan MGupta VChopra SBagaria HR.Spinal subdural hematoma: a rare complication of spinal anesthesia: a case report. 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