{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:32:26Z","timestamp":1769725946762,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurosurg Case Lessons"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain tumors associated with the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear explosion are rarely reported compared with thyroid malignancies. Studies have drawn a strong correlation between CNS tumor development and ionizing radiation, especially given age and level of exposure. However, extensive latency periods prompt misrepresentation and difficult diagnosis. Herein, the authors report 2 brain tumor cases in a family with proximity to Chernobyl and a simultaneous exposure period. They explore the potential linkage to brain tumor formation and excessive radiation released.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBSERVATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Decades after exposure each patient developed distinct brain tumors, a WHO grade I meningioma and a SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma. Following craniotomies for resection and adjuvant therapy, only 1 patient\u2019s tumor progressed. Literature revealed radiation exposure analogous for these tumor\u2019s etiologies and identified various Chernobyl exposure groups parallel to these patients like cleanup workers, evacuees, and residents of highly contaminated areas and their descendants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LESSONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain tumors linked to Chernobyl radiation exposure may represent a rare but clinically significant long-term complication, manifesting years afterward. Further research into these tumors\u2019 mechanisms is essential given the millions exposed. This report provides insights that identifies index cases, emphasizes needs for investigation, and raises caution to mitigate risk.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25272\">https:\/\/thejns.org\/doi\/10.3171\/CASE25272<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/case25272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T23:49:08Z","timestamp":1756770548000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Brain tumors linked to Chernobyl radiation exposure: a case study and historical perspective. Illustrative cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Brianna","family":"Suffren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7257-3486","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zoey","family":"Croft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1392-8233","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Souvik","family":"Singha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendovascular Intervention Program, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcio Yuri","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mittelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iuliia","family":"Lakhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Eshkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Duehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aruuke","family":"Sulaimanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Asiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Knopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center\/NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Boockvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)","first-page":"234","article-title":"The Chernobyl accident and its consequences","volume":"23","author":"Saenko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saenko VIvanov VTsyb AThe Chernobyl accident and its consequences. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2011;23(4):234-243."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Health Phys","first-page":"571","article-title":"Chernobyl vis-\u00e0-vis the nuclear future: an international perspective","volume":"93","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez AJ.Chernobyl vis-\u00e0-vis the nuclear future: an international perspective. Health Phys. 2007;93(5):571-592."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib3","series-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","first-page":"591","article-title":"Radiation risk of central nervous system tumors in the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors, 1958-2009","volume":"35","author":"Brenner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brenner AVSugiyama HPreston DLRadiation risk of central nervous system tumors in the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors, 1958-2009. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(6):591-600."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib4","series-title":"CMAJ Can Med Assoc J","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Glioblastoma in a former Chernobyl resident 24 years later","volume":"185","author":"Dmytriw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dmytriw AAPickett GE.Glioblastoma in a former Chernobyl resident 24 years later. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J. 2013;185(13):1154-1157."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"295","article-title":"Health effects of the Chernobyl accident: fears, rumours and the truth","volume":"39","author":"Rahu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rahu M.Health effects of the Chernobyl accident: fears, rumours and the truth. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39(3):295-299."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"10","article-title":"Radiation-associated grade 2 meningiomas: a nine patient-series and review of the literature","volume":"136","author":"Aboukais","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aboukais RZairi FLe Rhun ELejeune JPDevos PReyns N.Radiation-associated grade 2 meningiomas: a nine patient-series and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015;136:10-14."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Brain Spine","article-title":"Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIM) in adults: a single-centre retrospective experience","volume":"3","author":"Banos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banos SSolou MYdreos IRadiation-induced meningiomas (RIM) in adults: a single-centre retrospective experience. Brain Spine. 2023;3:101719."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8","series-title":"World J Oncol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Radiation-induced malignancies making radiotherapy a \u201ctwo-edged sword\u201d: a review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh GKYadav VSingh PBhowmik KT.Radiation-induced malignancies making radiotherapy a \u201ctwo-edged sword\u201d: a review of literature. World J Oncol. 2017;8(1):1-6."},{"key":"bib9","article-title":"The Chernobyl accident","author":"United Nations","year":"2008","unstructured":"United Nations.The Chernobyl accident; 2008. United Nations: Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Accessed April 6, 2025. https:\/\/www.unscear.org\/unscear\/en\/areas-of-work\/chernobyl.html."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)","first-page":"569041","article-title":"Radiation exposure to the thyroid after the Chernobyl accident","volume":"11","author":"Drozdovitch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drozdovitch V.Radiation exposure to the thyroid after the Chernobyl accident. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:569041."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib11","series-title":"Rev Chim","first-page":"1562","article-title":"Meningiomas related to the Chernobyl irradiation disaster in North-Eastern Romania between 1990 and 2015","volume":"69","author":"Cucu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cucu AICostea CFCarauleanu AMeningiomas related to the Chernobyl irradiation disaster in North-Eastern Romania between 1990 and 2015. Rev Chim. 2018;69(6):1562-1565."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib12","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"3285","article-title":"SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma: a systematic review and pooled analysis of treatment outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee VHFTsang RKYLo AWISMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma: a systematic review and pooled analysis of treatment outcomes. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(13):3285."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13","series-title":"Radiat Res","first-page":"217","article-title":"Ionizing radiation exposure and basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis","volume":"185","author":"Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li CAthar M.Ionizing radiation exposure and basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis. Radiat Res. 2016;185(3):217-228."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib14","series-title":"Occup Environ Med","first-page":"448","article-title":"A case-control study on occupational risk factors for sino-nasal cancer","volume":"66","author":"d\u2019Errico","year":"2009","unstructured":"d\u2019Errico APasian SBaratti AA case-control study on occupational risk factors for sino-nasal cancer. Occup Environ Med. 2009;66(7):448-455."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","series-title":"Curr Oncol","first-page":"2420","article-title":"Malignant sinonasal tumors: update on histological and clinical management","volume":"28","author":"Bracigliano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bracigliano ATatangelo FPerri FMalignant sinonasal tumors: update on histological and clinical management. Curr Oncol. 2021;28(4):2420-2438."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1614","article-title":"Characteristics of radiation-induced brain tumors: case series and systematic review","volume":"141","author":"Onishi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Onishi SYamasaki FKinoshita YCharacteristics of radiation-induced brain tumors: case series and systematic review. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(6):1614-1622."},{"issue":"17","key":"bib17","series-title":"CMAJ","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Latency period of radiation-induced cancer","volume":"183","author":"Fraser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fraser DK.Latency period of radiation-induced cancer. CMAJ. 2011;183(17):2017."},{"issue":"16","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE23361","article-title":"Clinical, imaging, and molecular features of radiation-induced glioblastomas developing more than 20 years after radiation therapy for intracranial germinomatous germ cell tumor: illustrative cases","volume":"6","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsukamoto YNatsumeda MTakahashi HClinical, imaging, and molecular features of radiation-induced glioblastomas developing more than 20 years after radiation therapy for intracranial germinomatous germ cell tumor: illustrative cases. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2023;6(16):CASE23361."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"i4","article-title":"PP13. Chernobyl, Brexit and brain tumours","volume":"19","author":"Chia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chia DKDavies MRBrazil DL.PP13. Chernobyl, Brexit and brain tumours. Neuro Oncol. 2017;19(suppl 1):i4."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"Epidemiol Rev","first-page":"187","article-title":"Chernobyl, 10 years after: health consequences","volume":"19","author":"Bard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bard DVerger PHubert P.Chernobyl, 10 years after: health consequences. Epidemiol Rev. 1997;19(2):187-204."},{"issue":"2A","key":"bib21","series-title":"J Radiol Prot","first-page":"A29","article-title":"Human exposure to high natural background radiation: what can it teach us about radiation risks?","volume":"29","author":"Hendry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hendry JHSimon SLWojcik AHuman exposure to high natural background radiation: what can it teach us about radiation risks? J Radiol Prot. 2009;29(2A):A29-A42."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"16209","article-title":"Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lopes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lopes JBaudin CLeuraud KKlokov DBernier MO.Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):16209."},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg","first-page":"100889","article-title":"RET\/PTC3 translocation in a rare hemorrhagic brain metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer post Chernobyl radiation affects vessels ultrastructure","volume":"23","author":"Relucenti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Relucenti MFamiliari PIacopino GRET\/PTC3 translocation in a rare hemorrhagic brain metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer post Chernobyl radiation affects vessels ultrastructure. Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2021;23:100889."},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"700","article-title":"Primary leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, 1p\/19q-codeleted","volume":"9","author":"Ballester","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ballester LYDunbar EGuha-Thakurta NPrimary leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, 1p\/19q-codeleted. Front Neurol. 2018;9:700."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","series-title":"J Neurol","article-title":"Meningiomatosis in a survivor of Hiroshima","volume":"251","author":"Hino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hino KKurita HShiokawa Y.Meningiomatosis in a survivor of Hiroshima. J Neurol. 2004;251(1):99."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Chin Med Assoc","first-page":"388","article-title":"Malignant lymphoma in an atomic-bomb survivor","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee CCChen WMYen CCWu HDChen TH.Malignant lymphoma in an atomic-bomb survivor. J Chin Med Assoc. 2009;72(7):388-393."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)","first-page":"234","article-title":"The Chernobyl accident and its consequences","volume":"23","author":"Saenko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saenko VIvanov VTsyb AThe Chernobyl accident and its consequences. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2011;23(4):234-243."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Health Phys","first-page":"571","article-title":"Chernobyl vis-\u00e0-vis the nuclear future: an international perspective","volume":"93","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez AJ.Chernobyl vis-\u00e0-vis the nuclear future: an international perspective. Health Phys. 2007;93(5):571-592."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib3","series-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","first-page":"591","article-title":"Radiation risk of central nervous system tumors in the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors, 1958-2009","volume":"35","author":"Brenner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brenner AVSugiyama HPreston DLRadiation risk of central nervous system tumors in the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors, 1958-2009. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(6):591-600."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib4","series-title":"CMAJ Can Med Assoc J","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Glioblastoma in a former Chernobyl resident 24 years later","volume":"185","author":"Dmytriw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dmytriw AAPickett GE.Glioblastoma in a former Chernobyl resident 24 years later. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J. 2013;185(13):1154-1157."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"295","article-title":"Health effects of the Chernobyl accident: fears, rumours and the truth","volume":"39","author":"Rahu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rahu M.Health effects of the Chernobyl accident: fears, rumours and the truth. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39(3):295-299."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"10","article-title":"Radiation-associated grade 2 meningiomas: a nine patient-series and review of the literature","volume":"136","author":"Aboukais","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aboukais RZairi FLe Rhun ELejeune JPDevos PReyns N.Radiation-associated grade 2 meningiomas: a nine patient-series and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015;136:10-14."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Brain Spine","article-title":"Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIM) in adults: a single-centre retrospective experience","volume":"3","author":"Banos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banos SSolou MYdreos IRadiation-induced meningiomas (RIM) in adults: a single-centre retrospective experience. Brain Spine. 2023;3:101719."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8","series-title":"World J Oncol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Radiation-induced malignancies making radiotherapy a \u201ctwo-edged sword\u201d: a review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh GKYadav VSingh PBhowmik KT.Radiation-induced malignancies making radiotherapy a \u201ctwo-edged sword\u201d: a review of literature. World J Oncol. 2017;8(1):1-6."},{"key":"bib9","article-title":"The Chernobyl accident","author":"United Nations","year":"2008","unstructured":"United Nations.The Chernobyl accident; 2008. United Nations: Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Accessed April 6, 2025. https:\/\/www.unscear.org\/unscear\/en\/areas-of-work\/chernobyl.html."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)","first-page":"569041","article-title":"Radiation exposure to the thyroid after the Chernobyl accident","volume":"11","author":"Drozdovitch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drozdovitch V.Radiation exposure to the thyroid after the Chernobyl accident. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:569041."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib11","series-title":"Rev Chim","first-page":"1562","article-title":"Meningiomas related to the Chernobyl irradiation disaster in North-Eastern Romania between 1990 and 2015","volume":"69","author":"Cucu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cucu AICostea CFCarauleanu AMeningiomas related to the Chernobyl irradiation disaster in North-Eastern Romania between 1990 and 2015. Rev Chim. 2018;69(6):1562-1565."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib12","series-title":"Cancers (Basel)","first-page":"3285","article-title":"SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma: a systematic review and pooled analysis of treatment outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee VHFTsang RKYLo AWISMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma: a systematic review and pooled analysis of treatment outcomes. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(13):3285."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13","series-title":"Radiat Res","first-page":"217","article-title":"Ionizing radiation exposure and basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis","volume":"185","author":"Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li CAthar M.Ionizing radiation exposure and basal cell carcinoma pathogenesis. Radiat Res. 2016;185(3):217-228."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib14","series-title":"Occup Environ Med","first-page":"448","article-title":"A case-control study on occupational risk factors for sino-nasal cancer","volume":"66","author":"d\u2019Errico","year":"2009","unstructured":"d\u2019Errico APasian SBaratti AA case-control study on occupational risk factors for sino-nasal cancer. Occup Environ Med. 2009;66(7):448-455."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15","series-title":"Curr Oncol","first-page":"2420","article-title":"Malignant sinonasal tumors: update on histological and clinical management","volume":"28","author":"Bracigliano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bracigliano ATatangelo FPerri FMalignant sinonasal tumors: update on histological and clinical management. Curr Oncol. 2021;28(4):2420-2438."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1614","article-title":"Characteristics of radiation-induced brain tumors: case series and systematic review","volume":"141","author":"Onishi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Onishi SYamasaki FKinoshita YCharacteristics of radiation-induced brain tumors: case series and systematic review. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(6):1614-1622."},{"issue":"17","key":"bib17","series-title":"CMAJ","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Latency period of radiation-induced cancer","volume":"183","author":"Fraser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fraser DK.Latency period of radiation-induced cancer. CMAJ. 2011;183(17):2017."},{"issue":"16","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons","first-page":"CASE23361","article-title":"Clinical, imaging, and molecular features of radiation-induced glioblastomas developing more than 20 years after radiation therapy for intracranial germinomatous germ cell tumor: illustrative cases","volume":"6","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsukamoto YNatsumeda MTakahashi HClinical, imaging, and molecular features of radiation-induced glioblastomas developing more than 20 years after radiation therapy for intracranial germinomatous germ cell tumor: illustrative cases. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2023;6(16):CASE23361."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"bib19","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"i4","article-title":"PP13. Chernobyl, Brexit and brain tumours","volume":"19","author":"Chia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chia DKDavies MRBrazil DL.PP13. Chernobyl, Brexit and brain tumours. Neuro Oncol. 2017;19(suppl 1):i4."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"Epidemiol Rev","first-page":"187","article-title":"Chernobyl, 10 years after: health consequences","volume":"19","author":"Bard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bard DVerger PHubert P.Chernobyl, 10 years after: health consequences. Epidemiol Rev. 1997;19(2):187-204."},{"issue":"2A","key":"bib21","series-title":"J Radiol Prot","first-page":"A29","article-title":"Human exposure to high natural background radiation: what can it teach us about radiation risks?","volume":"29","author":"Hendry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hendry JHSimon SLWojcik AHuman exposure to high natural background radiation: what can it teach us about radiation risks? J Radiol Prot. 2009;29(2A):A29-A42."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"16209","article-title":"Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lopes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lopes JBaudin CLeuraud KKlokov DBernier MO.Ionizing radiation exposure during adulthood and risk of developing central nervous system tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):16209."},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg","first-page":"100889","article-title":"RET\/PTC3 translocation in a rare hemorrhagic brain metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer post Chernobyl radiation affects vessels ultrastructure","volume":"23","author":"Relucenti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Relucenti MFamiliari PIacopino GRET\/PTC3 translocation in a rare hemorrhagic brain metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer post Chernobyl radiation affects vessels ultrastructure. Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2021;23:100889."},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"700","article-title":"Primary leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, 1p\/19q-codeleted","volume":"9","author":"Ballester","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ballester LYDunbar EGuha-Thakurta NPrimary leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, 1p\/19q-codeleted. Front Neurol. 2018;9:700."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25","series-title":"J Neurol","article-title":"Meningiomatosis in a survivor of Hiroshima","volume":"251","author":"Hino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hino KKurita HShiokawa Y.Meningiomatosis in a survivor of Hiroshima. J Neurol. 2004;251(1):99."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Chin Med Assoc","first-page":"388","article-title":"Malignant lymphoma in an atomic-bomb survivor","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee CCChen WMYen CCWu HDChen TH.Malignant lymphoma in an atomic-bomb survivor. 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